Should We Use Oil for Healing Today?
Pastor Kelly Sensenig
The Charismatic/Pentecostal movement for many years has promoted the practice of using oil for healing people. Other non-charismatic pastors also practice this procedure because they see elders doing it in the Bible and want to follow their pattern or example. However, many pastors simply perform this practice without understanding the real significance attached to the Biblical example.
I have personally talked to pastors and asked pastors over the years about their use of oil. I would ask them why they actually use oil but many of them never really know why they anoint with oil. Their response has always been, “Well, they did it in the Bible and therefore I want to follow the Biblical example.” This seems like a noble response; however, as pastors we must understand what we do and why we do it. We are responsible for all of our actions and should be able to communicate to people why we are performing a certain practice.
For those pastor’s who believe that we should use oil today, I must ask you this question: “Why do you use oil?” Every pastor should have a reason for what they do and also understand why they perform a certain action. An elder is to be “apt to teach” according to 1 Timothy 3:2. This means that he must teach people what the Bible says about oil and not perform a practice without any reason.
In one sense, I am speaking to pastors, one pastor to another pastor. I have known good pastors that are doctrinally sound and perform the practice of anointing with oil. However, like many of the pastors that I have talked with over the years, they do not have any reason for doing this act or ceremony. They simply just perform the procedure and go on with prayer for the individual.
As pastors, we must be very careful not to mislead people by our use of oil today. There are many well-meaning pastors who anoint with oiland unknowingly give a false sense of security about a person’s healing. Many sick people who are desperate ill look at the oil as something, which will in itself bring healing into their life. Others suggest oil is a requirement for physical healing. This is a false premise, as we will see in this study. As pastors, we must be very careful that we do not send false magical messages to people about oil.
This idea of using oil is developed from James 5:13-16:
“Is any among you afflicted? let him pray. Is any merry? let him sing psalms. Is any sick among you? let him call for the elders of the church; and let them pray over him, anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord: And the prayer of faith shall save the sick, and the Lord shall raise him up; and if he have committed sins, they shall be forgiven him. Confess your faults one to another, and pray one for another, that ye may be healed. The effectual fervent prayer of a righteous man availeth much.”
James is writing to Jews (James 1:1) and they customarily used olive oil for many things. This was the oil of the land of Palestine. The growth of olive trees was widespread. The olive was produced from the olive berry on the trees. Oil was used primarily in cooking. It was also used for lighting, skin and cosmetic purposes. It also had some therapeutic value.
The Meaning of the Oil
There are various groups who interpret James 5:13-16 as a mandate to use oil whenever Christians are afflicted. The oil in James 5:14 has been given different interpretations.
1. The Medical Interpretation
There are those who interpret the oil as purely therapeutic in its purposes. They claim the oil was used only for medical or medicinal reasons, much like the oil, which was used to heal the wound of the Good Samaritan. In Jesus’ day olive oil was often used medicinally. This point is understood in the parable of the Good Samaritan, which Jesus gave in Luke chapter ten.
Luke 10:33-34 reveals this particular aspect of olive oil:
“But a certain Samaritan, as he journeyed, came where he was: and when he saw him, he had compassion on him, And went to him, and bound up his wounds, pouring in oil and wine, and set him on his own beast, and brought him to an inn, and took care of him.”
The Samaritan was using olive oil to heal the wounds of this man. The oil was soothing and healing to those who had open wounds on their body. However, we must realize that oil was not used for every illness that came into a person’s life. The Holy Land provided a great variety of plants and herbs within a short distance. Many herbs and other natural remedies were also used to treat illness besides oil (1 Timothy 5:23; Rev. 3:18; Jeremiah 8:22; Ezekiel 47:12). Oil itself was not an over all cure for every illness that came into a person’s life. No doctor has only one kind of medicine at his disposal!
The interpretation that the elders were using the oil for medicinal purposes in James 5 is a possible understanding of the use of the oil. The oil that was used in Bible times was intended to have a refreshing effect upon the individual. However, there is nothing in the text that says this man had open gaping wounds, which could be ministered to with oil. The elders did not say, “Now open up my boy and swallow this oil so that you can be healed of your sickness.”
I find this whole medical interpretation somewhat lacking. We are not in the doctor’s house in James chapter 5! We are in the revival house. This man evidently wants to be restored spiritually to God and the local church ministry because of his sin. The medical view seems rather unlikely, although very good men hold this view, such as Spiros Zodhiates and Theodore Epp. Dr. Zodhiates contends that the oil was sometimes applied by rubbing and was for soothing and relaxing purposes, which gives the oil the medicinal value. As we will note later in our study, the olive oil was refreshing to the one who received it. However, there must be a distinction between the oil that brings refreshment and oil that is required for bodily healing.
Also, we must also remember that the first century Christians knew that olive oil was not the best remedy for every illness. Oil certainly could not cure cancers and heart problems and many other forms of diseases known to the world even during the early days of Christianity. Furthermore, it was hardly the job of the elders to go around doctoring sick people by rubbing them down with oil, especially if they were women! In addition, not every elder was a Dr. Luke (Colossians 4:14). Physicians were available in Israel according to our Lord’s statement. The elders were not the physicians.
Mark 2:17 verifies this truth:
“When Jesus heard it, he saith unto them, They that are whole have no need of the physician, but they that are sick: I came not to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance.”
Also, Mark 5:26 indicates that there were Physicians in Israel.“And a certain woman, which had an issue of blood twelve years, And had suffered many things of many physicians, and had spent all that she had, and was nothing bettered, but rather grew worse.”
The fact of the matter was that this man in James 5 was not calling on the doctors to help him medically. He was calling on the elders to pray for him. He wanted prayer attention and not medical attention at this point because he was under the disciplinary and chastening hand of God for his sin (James 5:15, 20). Now, he was ready to repent to the church elders and seek for God’s spiritual healing. I will bring this out later in our study.
All the doctors or oil in the world could not heal this man’s sin-sick soul. What he needed were the prayers of God’s people at this point. And prayer is what James is emphasizing. For these reasons we can readily understand that the elders were not the doctors providing medical assistance but the preachers providing prayer assistance to bring about the spiritual healing and well-being of this man. This man did not need the doctors at this point, he needed the prayer meeting to come to his house!
2. The Healing Interpretation
Many Pentecostal and Charismatic preachers actually believe that the use of oil is a magical formula that we can follow in order to promise healing for all sick people. Their claim is that the elders of the church must always anoint the sick with oil in order for God to heal them. Oil was a requirement for healing. This is one of the primary interpretations given to this passage. It should be left in the fairy tale books. Verse 15 clearly says that the prayer (not the oil) results in the person being healed (“And the prayer of faith shall save the sick…”). The healing was not brought about by the oil, but ultimately through the prayers of the elders. Prayer is what is emphasized in this passage.
In all the book of Acts, there is no mention of any magical oil. Only in Mark 6:13 do we find the apostles anointing someone with oil to create miraculous responses such as healing. However, it was not the oil that was magic. The oil did not possess any magical power to heal them. It was actually the Lord, who did the healing, as the apostles used their gift of healing in that day.
Mark 6: 7 and13 says:
“And he called unto him the twelve, and began to send them forth by two and two; and gave them power over unclean spirits; And they cast out many devils, and anointed with oil many that were sick, and healed them.”
The apostles of the early church, who had the divine gift of healing, would sometimes use oil as they performed miracles of healing upon the lives of people. We have already mentioned that oil did have medicinal value in the days of the early church. This is why the apostles used oil on occasion as they went about healing people. Oil could be seen to be a visible sign of healing upon the life of the individual. The oil not only brought relief but may have also been used in a representative manner or fashion of God’s healing.As a well-known healing agent of the day, the oil was an appropriate, tangible and representative sign for healing that the people could identify with as the disciples ministered to the sick among them.
It is worthy to note that Mark 6:13 is the only passage that actually talks about the apostle’s use of oil in connection with bodily healing. In other words, the use of oil by the apostles was limited and not an everyday occurrence as they went about to heal people and prove their credentials as apostles (Mark 16:20). There are multitudes of Biblical passages where there was no oil involved in the person’s healing (Acts 8:6-7, 9:36, 28:8-9).
The idea that some charismatic people have adopted today is that oil must always be used as God’s requirement to bring healing to people. This is erroneous in view of the apostle’s use of oil. Even the apostles did not use oil in this stringent way. The Biblical passages confirm that oil was not used all the time. On occasion they would use oil, or some other kind of piece of cloth from their bodies, to represent God’s healing power, which could be administered through the apostles (Acts19:11-12).
Another important investigation in the passage of Mark 6:13 is to determine the actual Greek word used for “anointing.” It is the Greek word “aleipho” which seems to suggest in these passages the pouring of oil upon a person. It could also be rubbed into the skin and provide relaxation to a tired and weary body. In the Greek language, two words are used for anointing. One is “aleipho” as used here in Mark 6:13 and in extra-biblical Greek literature. It was the word that normally is used for medicinal purposes. However, both here and even in the Greek Septuagint the word “aleipho” is used in connection with ceremonial and symbolic anointing (Gen. 31:13; Ex. 40:13; Numb. 3:3) and would suggest that the Greeks did use this word with a ceremonial and symbolic emphasis as well. The other word used for “anoint” is the word “chrio” which always seemed to point to the ceremonial aspect of anointing.
J. Ronald Blue, writing in “The Bible Knowledge Commentary,” makes this valid contribution to this text: “James said that the elders should pray over him and anoint him with oil. It is significant that the word “anoint” is aleipsantes (“rub with oil”) not chriō (“ceremonially anoint”). The former is the “mundane” word and the latter is “the sacred and religious word” (Richard Chenevix Trench, Synonyms of the New Testament, ninth ed. Reprint. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1950, pp. 136-37).
“Therefore James is not suggesting a ceremonial or ritual anointing as a means of divine healing; instead, he is referring to the common practice of using oil as a means of bestowing honor, refreshment, and grooming” (Daniel R. Hayden, “Calling the Elders to Pray,” Bibliotheca Sacra 138. July/September 1981: 264). The woman “poured” (aleiphō) perfume on Jesus’ feet (Luke 7:38). A host “put oil” (aleiphō) on the head of his guest (Luke 7:46). A person who is fasting should not be sad and ungroomed, but should “put oil” (aleiphō) on his head, and wash his face (Matt. 6:17). Thus James’ point is that the “weak” (asthenei) and “weary” (kamnonta) would be refreshed, encouraged, and uplifted by the elders who rubbed oil on the despondents’ heads and prayed for them.”
The linguistics observation stated above is well-taken.However, the word “aleipho” is used in Mark 6:13 to denote the anointing procedure, which was used in connection with the healing ministry of the apostles of the church. It was oil used for ceremonial purposes and was intended to convey a symbolic meaning about wellbeing and healing. The apostles would evidently pour oil upon someone in order to convey to the people that God was going to heal them, just as oil would heal a person of certain physical bodily ailments. The oil was representative of God’s ability to heal them even as the use of natural oil would bring healing.
James 5:13 also uses the same word “aleipho” when it says how the elders anointed the sick with oil (“anointing him with oil”). Because of this comparison of the Greek word, some have suggested that the elders were using the oil in the same way as the early apostles did. In other words, they were using it as an example of God’s healing power upon the human body.
It is then suggested that James depicts a ceremonial procedure where the elders were anointing with oil. This is further substantiated by the fact that three times in the Greek Septuagint the Greek verb “aleipho” is used in connection with ceremonial anointing (Gen. 31:13; Ex. 40:13; Num. 3:3). Thus, it’s assumed that the Greeks did view this word with anointing and that James is using the word in a ceremonial fashion. The conclusion is then drawn that we should ceremonially anoint with oil today in order communicate this same message and witness people being healed.
I disagree with this conclusion for several reasons. In the first place, these elders did not have the gifts of healing as the apostles did (I Corinthians 12:9). This is why they were praying for the healing of this man. There is absolutely nothing in this passage, which indicates that they possessed the gift of healing. It would be unsound to conclude that they did. James was writing during the days of the apostles when the gifts of healing were being used in the church. It’s interesting that James instructs the elders to “pray” over the man’s sickness and not to heal him. The simple reason for this statement was because these elders did not have the gifts of healing.
This is quite substantial evidence to prove that God never intends elders to possess the gifts of healing today and physically heal everyone that they visit who is sick (1 Cor. 13:8; Heb. 2-13). The theory that all elders should be able to heal goes against the “trial emphasis” in James 1:2-3. Believers sometimes must endure trials of sickness in order to fulfill God’s plan for them (John 9:1-3).
We can therefore Biblically and logically conclude that the elders did not use oil in association with any physical healing purposes for the simple reason that they did not possess the sign gifts of healing and could not promise healing as the apostles did. When we try to use oil today in order to promise healing to people, we do it without the authority, which the apostles possessed. The early sign gift of healing, along with the other eight sign gifts, has ceased today (1 Corinthians 13:10). Therefore, we cannot use oil and absolutely claim healing upon any and every person today as the apostles could when they anointed them.