Geography & Economy Notes

Name/#: ______Date: October 16, 2012

Geography & Economy Notes

Vocabulary

Manufacturing – making ______
Industry – factories and businesses that ______goods
Urban – the area in an around ______
Suburb – the area just ______of cities
IronOre – Natural resource used in ______
Steel – ______made from iron ore that is used in industry
Migration – ______from one place to another
Century – a period of ______years
Immigrant – Someone who moves into the U.S. from another ______

Man-Made Features

Locations are often remembered for their place in American ______.
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania:
The town of Gettysburg is located in ______.
The Battle at Gettysburg was one of the ______battles in American History.
Hundreds of American ______fighting for the Union and the Confederacy lost their lives.
We learned that the Battle at Gettysburg was the turning point of the Civil War when the ______began to win.
When the battle ended, President Abraham ______declared part of the battlefield as a memorial ______.

Industries Grow

American industry ______and ______after the Civil War. There were several factors that influenced the location of industries:
______
______Systems
______
Cities began to grow where large populations of people ______.
Cities began to grow where good transportation ______were established.
Cities began to grow in places located ______the resources needed to make ______.
______were built near the ______and ______centers. These factories counted on the ______to bring materials they needed, and to ship out finished products. ______and Pittsburgh became railroad centers as well as industrial centers.

Agriculture

Population:
Early farms were small, ______, produced up to 5 products, and needed a large population to run them. Many African Americans and ______worked on farms.
By 1970, farms were ______, fewer in number, and needed ______workers. Heavy machines, like ______took the place of farm workers.
In 1900, 41 percent of the workforce worked in the ______industry. But, by 2000, that number ______to 1.9 percent!
Transportation:
Before World War II, which began in 1941, the agricultural industry was ______on trains to move farm products such as cattle and crops. In the early 1900’s cattle were herded on cattle drives to the train depot and transported to a central ______in Chicago or Omaha.
______became farmers’ preferred transportation after World War II (1945). Transporting by truck was more ______, but it was worth it to the farmers because their products got to consumers (customers) ______.
Resources:
Agriculture in the U.S. has settled primarily in the ______and the ______. Resources like rich soil, plenty of ______, good temperatures, and long ______season make agriculture in these areas of the country successful.

Industry

Population:
In the early 1900’s the Northeast had already been developed, an industry had spread to the ______region of the Midwest.
As industry grew, so did the ______that grew out of them. With a large working population to support them, manufacturers continued to build plants (factories) in cities. The South had very little ______(city) growth because it lacked industry to support it.
Between 1910 and 1940, many African Americans ______from the South to the industrialized North and Midwest cities of Chicago, Detroit, New York, and Cleveland. This ______the African American population by 20 percent in those cities.
The Great Migration:
The ______was a period of time in the 1900’s in which many Americans moved to cities with many industrial jobs available. There were _____ main reasons for the Great Migration:
Boll Weevils destroyed the southern ______fields, and agricultural work became ______.
The North & Midwest offered new service jobs in growing ______industry.
______were available in the steel, ______, shipbuilding, and metalworking industries.
The immigration Act of 1924 ______European immigration into the U.S., opening up even ______jobs.
Transportation:
A ______shortage became a problem in industrialized cities as people moved there to find jobs. As workers moved out of the cities and out into the ______, their means of transportation changed.
The ______helped people travel back and forth to the ______for work.
Resources:
______was discovered in Texas in 1901, and later in Arkansas, Oklahoma, and under the Gulf of Mexico. The “______” completely changed the economy of the West and Central states. The ______made from oil fueled the growing automobile industry.
By 1920, the railroad, steel, iron, auto, and shipping industries were growing in the North and Midwest. Resources like ______ore provided raw material and the Great Lakes provided ______.
Iron ore, for example, was shipped from Minnesota to Cleveland. There, the iron ore was made into ______and then shipped to Detroit to be made into automobiles. Jobs were becoming more ______.
The new invention of ______also contributed to an increase in industry. By 1930, 70 percent of all households in the U.S. had electricity. Factory output of these items such as vacuums cleaners, ______, and radios increased by 1930.

Moving South & West

Today, the original northern manufacturing cities are still manufacturing centers. But over the last ______years, economic activity in the U.S.has shifted from a ______focus to other areas. These include information processing (______) and services (hotels, restaurants, and hospitals.)
______and ______began to move to the southeastern and southwestern states. These warm, sunny states came to be known as the ______. Cities like Atlanta, Dallas, Houston, Los Angeles, and Phoenix ______tremendously.
There were ______main reasons people moved to the Sunbelt:
New types of industries no longer needed raw materials. They relied on ______(which could go anywhere) and good transportation.
______was warm and employees wanted to move there. Many people want to enjoy their free time in a ______climate.
______was ______expensive than in the northeastern U.S.
______could pay lower ______(less money) in most Sunbelt states because the cost of living was less expensive.