GCSE Chemistry – Additional (C2)

Know relative masses and charges of protons, neutrons and electrons
Use atomic numbers and mass numbers to work out the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in an element
Know that uses of materials depends on their properties and structure
Classify substances as metals, ionic compounds, simple molecular or giant covalent substances
Describe the structure and bonding of metals
Describe how ions are formed and ionic bonding
Describe how covalent bonding takes place
Know about new developments such as metallic glass, carbon nanotubes, and new alloys
Know what a metal ore is
Know that the position of a metal in the reactivity series tells us how a metal is extracted from its ore.
Know what a displacement or a competition reaction is and know how you can use them to find out how reactive a metal is
Know what reduction and oxidation mean and know that when metals are extracted from their ores they are reduced
Know what chemical reduction is and describe how iron ore is chemically reduced
Know what electrolysis, electrode, cathode, anode and electrolyte mean
Describe how aluminium is extracted from its ore using electrolysis
Know why extracting aluminium from its ore is expensive and know how to minimise these costs by citing the extraction plant carefully.
Explain why recycling aluminium and steel is a good idea
Relate the uses of aluminium, copper and titanium to their properties
Evaluate the impacts of metal extraction
Describe relative atomic mass (Ar) and know that different elements have different masses
Calculate the relative molecular (formula) mass (Mr) of a compound by using its formula
Calculate the formula of a simple compound from given data
Be able to calculate reacting masses of reactants or products using a balanced symbol equation
Describe and calculate the percentage yield of a reaction
Calculate the atom economy of a reaction from a given equation
Assess and compare the level of waste in chemical reactions using atom economy
Describe how water is treated so it is suitable for public use
Draw and interpret solubility curves and know the definition of solubility.
Know why water is hard or soft, be able to distinguish between the two using soap and describe the advantages and disadvantages of each type of water.
Know some methods of removing hardness from temporary and permanent hard water.
Know how ammonia is made and write out the reversible reaction showing how it is produced.
Interpret data about the conditions required for the Haber process
Know how ammonium fertilisers are made from ammonia and the advantages and disadvantages of using them
Describe the test used to identify an ammonium salt
Know what an alkane and an alkene is
Draw out the first 5 alkanes and ethene
Explain what is meant by the words saturated and unsaturated.
Know how and why alkanes are “cracked” and predict the products of cracking
Describe what addition polymerisation is and draw an equation showing this occurring for poly(ethane), polyvinylchloride (PVC) and PTFE (Teflon)
Relate the uses of the 3 polymers above to their properties
Know what thermosets and thermoplastics are and describe their structures and uses
Explain the benefits and drawbacks of using plastics instead of natural materials
Describe different smart materials and their properties
Explain how smart materials can be used and their social, economic and environmental impact