Due on Tuesday, January 16th
Final Exam week of January 16th
Warm-Ups, Closures, and CTQsWeek 18
Vocabulary
microRNA (miRNA) / morphogens / homeotic genes / differentiation / tissue / apoptosis / lysosomeMonday, January 8th
Warm-Up:Describeusing representations (model, illustration, diagram, et cetera) three different mechanisms cells use to regulate gene expression. (LO 3.23)
CTQ #1: Explain how timing and coordination of gene expression during development is regulated by cell signaling. (LO 3.21)
CTQ #2:The development of the Drosphila (fruit fly) embryo involves the coordinated expression of many genes. The gene bicoid is a transcriptional repressor of a second gene, giant, and is expressed early at the anterior end of the embryo during development (see diagram to the right). Explain why it is necessary for bicoid to be expressed early and predict the expression pattern of giant if bicoid expression was prevented in an experiment.(LO 3.22)
Closure:Explain how morphogens affect the spatial (physical) distribution of body parts during development.
Tuesday, January 9th
Warm-Up:Explain how signal transduction causes a cell to change into different types of cells.
CTQ #1: Actin and myosin are both proteins that are essential for muscle cells to contract. In development, paraxial mesoderm (PM) cells differentiate when actin and myosin are expressed at high levels. If PM cells have high levels of the transcription factor FOX1A before they differentiate into muscle cells, they will instead differentiate into bone cells.
Createtwo graphs showing the levels of actin, myosin, and FOX1A over time. In the first graph, show the levels inside a PM cell that becomes a muscle cell. In the second graph, show the levels inside a PM cell that becomes a bone cell.
CTQ #2: Describe, in the context of gene regulation and development, why people have different height.
Closure:Explainhow regulation of the gene encoding the Na+/K+ channel protein and the gene encoding insulin contributes to differentiation of embryonic cells into neurons or pancreatic cells.
Wednesday, January 10th
Warm-Up:Describe how a cell differentiates during development.
CTQ #1: Describe how apoptosis plays a role in development. (LO 2.34)
CTQ #2: The model below shows a cell with a receptor that is un-activated. Redraw this model and revise it to show how signals from other cells can promote apoptosis. (LO 4.7)
Closure:Describe how processes occurring in the nucleus affect the lysosome when a cell undergoes apoptosis. (LO 4.5)
Thursday, January 11th
CTQ #1: SRY is a gene which encodes a transcription factor responsible for activating expression of other transcription factors responsible for the development of male sexuality in animals. Predict the effects of low levels of SRY protein on the expression of these transcription factors and the resulting phenotype in the developing animal. (LO 4.24)
Chimpanzee /
Human
CTQ #2: A chimpanzee’s DNA is 96% identical to a human being’s DNA. Most of this similarity, however, is in protein-coding DNA: the genes themselves. Describe how a chimpanzee zygote with chimpanzee DNA will give rise to a completely different animal from a human zygote with human DNA. (LO 3.18)
Friday, January 12h
Half-day.
Learning Objectives This Week
LO 3.18 describe the connection between the regulation of gene expression and observed differences between different kinds of organisms.
LO 3.19 describe the connection between the regulation of gene expression and observed differences between individuals in a population.
LO 3.21 use representations to describe how gene regulation influences cell products and function.
LO 3.22 explain how signal pathways mediate gene expression, including how this process can affect protein production.
LO 3.23 use representations to describe mechanisms of regulation of gene expression.
LO 4.23 construct explanations of the influence of environmental factors on the phenotype of an organism.
LO 4.24 predict the effects of a change in an environmental factor on gene expression and the resulting phenotype of an organism.