WoodshopSafetyandIntroductiontoHandTools

Description

A woodworking environmentpresents a variety ofpotential safetyhazards and requires anongoingawarenessof the dangers involved inusing both handand power tools.Additionally,thereare a numberofhandtools specific tocarpentry,andstudentsneedto be introducedtoboththeirapplicationandthe specific safetystepsthatshould be followedtomaintain a safeworkingenvironment.

Thepurposeof this Activity Plan is toprovide students with anintroductiontothegeneralsafetyrequirements necessary withina woodworking environment. Thiswillbe followed byapresentationofbasic hand toolsusedin carpentry andhow to usethose tools in a safemanner.

LessonOutcomes

The student willbeableto:

•Identify appropriateclothing requirements ina woodworking environment

•List safety equipmentrequirements for eye,hearing, and dustprotection

•Explainthe dangers of drugand alcohol usage in relationto jobsafety

•Be awareof job requirementsforsafetyequipment,includingeyewashstations,fireextinguishers,andfirstaidsupplies

•List the commonhand toolsusedin carpentry

•Demonstratethe specific usageofthose common handtools

Terminology

Carpenter’slevel(spiritlevel):arectangulartoolusedtocheckthelevelofasurface.Itconsistsoftwoflatparallelsurfaceswithasmallwindowcontainingacylinderfilledwithliquidandabubbleofair.

Figure1—Four-vial hand level

Carpenter’spencil:alarge,rectangularpencilwithastronggraphiteleadtypicallysharpenedwithaknifeorchisel.

Figure2—Carpenter’s pencil

Chalkline:atoolformarkinglong,straightlines.Itconsistsofacasingholdingarolledstringandgroundchalkthatcoatsthestring.

Figure3—Chalk line

Chemicalcartridgerespirator:arespiratormaskthatconsistsofadustpre-filterandachemicalcartridgespecificallydesignedtocapturehazardousfumesandothercontaminants,andprevent themfromcausingrespiratorydamage.

Chisel:ahandtoolwithaplainhandleandalongbladeandbeveled cuttingedge,designedtobestruck by ahammerormallet.Usedtocutorshapehardmaterialssuchaswood,stoneormetal.

Clawhammer:atoolgenerallyusedtohammernailsor removenailsfrom material.Itconsistsofahandleattachedtoasolidsteelheadwithapoundingendandaclawendtohookand removefastenerswith.

Curved claw

Straightclaw

Figure 4—Different claw hammers

Combinationsquare(squarehead):aruledbladewithboth45°and90°heads,usedtolay outrightanglesand45°angles.Figure5showshowthesquareheadofacombinationsquareisusedtoholdthebladeatrightanglestotheedgeofstockorflatbar.

Figure5—Square head combinationsquare

Drychemicalfireextinguisher:aportablecylinderfilledwithfoamoradrychemical material.Sometypesinclude:

•Class A (ordinarycombustible materials—paper, wood, orplastics)

•Class B (flammableliquids—gasoline,grease, or oil)

•Class C (electricalequipment—appliances,wiring)

•Class D(combustible metals—sodium, magnesium)

Somedrychemicalfireextinguisherscanbeusedforavarietyoffiresources(ABC).

Earmuffs:hearingprotectorsthatconsistofsoftearcushionswithsound-attenuatingmaterialsfittedwithinrigid outer cupsandattachedtoaheadband

Earplugs:atypeofhearingprotectiondeviceinwhichpreformedsilicon (customized) ormouldablefoamplugs(disposable) areinserted intotheearcanaltoreduce sound.

Emergencyeyewashstation:asafetydevicethatcontainssaline (saltdissolvedinsterile water)orwarm water thatcanbeusedtoflushparticlesorchemicalsfromtheeyeinanemergency.

Firstaidkit:aportablecontainerthatholdsessentialfirstaidsupplies,including adhesivebandages,antisepticsolutions,scissors,andothersupplies.

Measuringtape:aflexiblerulerwithlinear measurementmarkingsattachedtoaspringmechanismhousedinacase.These maybeinimperialormetricunitsorboth.

Figure 6—Measuring tape

Nailpuller:aprybarconsistingofahandleandahookedclawendusedtopullfasteners.

Figure 7—Nail puller

Particulaterespiratordustmask:adisposablepaper-filtermaskdesignedtofitoverthenoseandmouthto preventsawdust andothermaterialsfromcausingrespiratory damage.Thistypeisnotgenerallyeffectiveagainsthazardousfumes.

Personalprotectiveequipment(PPE):protectiveequipmentandclothingdesignedtoshieldtheworkerfrominjury. Typesof PPEinclude eye,ear,andbodyprotectionto preventinjuriesfromworkplacehazardssuchasprojectiles,fumes,and excessivenoise.

Safetyglasses:plasticlens eyewearwithawraparoundorsideprotectionshapedesignedtostopforeignobjectsfromdamagingthe eyes.

Semi-insertearplugs:asetofearplugsattachedtoaheadbandandplacedovertheoutsideoftheearcanaltoreduce sound.

Figure 8—Semi-insert earplugs

Speedsquare:atriangular-shapedlayouttoolusedforavarietyoffunctions,includingmarking90°,45°,andspecificangles,line-scribing,andasasawguideforaportablecircularsaw.

Figure 9—Speed square

Toolpouch:aleatherorfabricbeltholdingavarietyofpocketsusedtocarrytoolsand fasteningdevices.

EstimatedTime

1.5–2 hours

RecommendedNumberofStudents

20, based onthe ;ideal is16.

Facilities

Technology educationshopfacility required.

Tools

•Safetyglasses

•Sample hearingprotectors

•Sample dustmasksandrespirators

•Fireextinguisher

•Eyewashstation

•First aidkit

•Toolpouch

•Tapemeasures

•Combination square

•Speed square

•Carpenter’slevel

•Hammersand nail pullers

•Chalkline

•Carpenter’s pencil

Materials

24"samplesusedtoshowlayoutandmeasuringtechniques

Resources

DeaftotheDanger—WorkSafeBCvideooninappropriateuseofearbuds

LookatMe—WorkSafeBCvideoonimportanceof eyeprotection

Activity

1.This activity shouldbegin witha generaldiscussion ofsafety in theworkplace andintroducethe overridingacknowledgementthat safetyis a considerationin every aspectof thecarpentry trade.Students may nothave anybackground knowledge of construction

safety or within related trades.It needstobe emphasizedthatregular workplace behaviourrequires a much greaterdegreeof awarenessofthedangerspresentbothfrom toolsandmachinery and from environmentalhazardssuch asnoiseand dust.

2.Workplaceclothing plays an important rolein safety.A briefdiscussionof what isconsideredappropriate is necessary and includes the following points to consider:

•Proper footwear—noopen-toedshoes, requirementsfor safety footwear onmanyjobsites

•Appropriateclothing—noshorts, muscle shirts, dangling sleeves,or cords such asthosefoundonhoodies, etc.

•Removal of jewelleryandother hazards—watches,rings, etc.

3.A discussion of workplace distractions canbeintroduced byhavingstudents view the shortWorksafeBC video“Deaf tothe Danger.”Have students brainstorm onotherpotentialdistractions that could impact safety. Appropriate useof cellphones should bementioned.

4.Asmanyworkplaceinjuriesresult from inappropriate use of drugsand alcohol, an overviewof the relevance oftaking responsibility forone’s own safetyandotherworkers should bediscussed.

5.Personalprotective equipment(PPE) shouldbedemonstratedtotheclass. Thediscussionshould make cleartoeach studentwhen they should be used andthe consequencesofnon-use. This discussion should includethe following:

•Safetyglasses

•Hearingprotection

•Dust masksandrespirators

6.Theshort WorkSafeBCvideo “Look at Me” canbeused to supplement thisdiscussion. Itwillprovide studentswithareminderthat it onlytakes oneinstance of non-use of PPE toresult in a serious injury.

7.Job site safety equipmentis a legislated requirement, and students should bemade awareoffireextinguishers,eyewashstations,andfirstaidkits.Atthispoint,itwouldnot benecessary todemonstrate eachcomponent in depth, but studentsshould understandthatallaccidentsshouldbereported immediatelyto theteacherandthatequipment should beavailable at anyworksite.

8.Thefinalpartofthis activity istoprovideanoverviewofthe common handtoolsusedincarpentry. A briefdemonstration/discussionshould presentthebasic use and handling ofeachof the following:

•Tape measure(metricandimperial units)

•Combination square

•Speed square

•Carpenter’slevel

•Claw hammer

•Nail puller

•Chalkline

•Carpenter’s pencil

•Chisel

EvaluationGuidelines

Thestudent can:

•Identifythethreemainelementsof PPE

•Demonstratethe basic use of the handtoolsgiven

•Identify thenamesof each of the handtoolsgiven

Optional Extension Activity

•If time is available,studentscould practisewith thehand tools provided inthe earlierdemonstration.

•As bothimperial andmetric unitsareusedin carpentry, the advantages/disadvantages ofeachsystem could be discussedbriefly.