African Imperialism
Scramble for Africa
In the 1870s the ______began to trade with Africans in the Congo.
Fearing they would miss out on various ______, the other European nations ______to establish their presence on the continent.
Berlin Conference
In 1884, to avoid ______amongst themselves, European leaders met at the Berlin Conference to set up rules for ______Africa. No ______were invited.
The European powers agreed that before they could claim territory they would have to set up an ______. Whoever was the ______to build the outpost gained that area of land.
Southern Africa
The Boers
In the mid-1600s, Dutch farmers known as ______settled in southern Africa in Cape Colony. The Boers built ______as a supply station.
In the 1700s, the Dutch herders and ivory hunters began to move ______. The ______then acquired Cape Colony in the early 1800s.
The Anglo-Boer War
In the late 1800s, the discovery of ______and ______in the northern Boer territory set off the Anglo-Boer war.
The war was from 1899-1902 and involved bitter ______fighting. The ______won, but at a great cost.
The Zulus
In the early 1800s in southern Africa, an African leader named ______conquered and united tribes to form the ______nation.
The Zulus were skilled and organized ______. Shaka used his power and fought against European ______traders and ivory hunters.
The Zulus also fought the ______as they migrated ______from Cape Colony.
The Anglo-Zulu War
The Zulus came into conflict with the ______as well. In 1879 the Zulus wiped out a British force at the battle of ______.
However, it was not long before the superior ______of the British overtook the Zulus at the battle of ______.
European Territory
In 1910, with southern Africa secure, the British established the Republic of South Africa and instituted ______.
Apartheid – government policy calling for separation of the races.
Britain’s claims in Africa were ______in size only to France, but included heavily populated areas with greater natural ______.
Britain controlled ______because of its strategic location.
France was very powerful in ______Africa, and later spread into West and Central Africa. The territory France controlled was as large as the United States.
The newly formed ______empire had to fight many battles against African natives to take lands in the southern half of Africa.
Germany would ______its colonial territories after its loss in World War I.
The Italians crossed the Mediterranean and conquered ______. They then took Somaliland in the horn of Africa, but were beaten badly by the ______.
King Leopold and other wealthy Belgians exploited the riches of the ______, and brutalized the natives. Many Africans were enslaved, beaten, and killed.
Although the leaders of the old imperialism, the African claims of the ______and ______were minimal.
Liberia and Ethiopia
Independent Africans
After the slave trade was outlawed, ______in the United States promoted the idea of returning freed slaves to Africa.
In the early 1800s, President Monroe helped free slaves settle in ______. The former slaves named the capital city ______in his honor.
The Ethiopians kept their freedom through a successful military resistance. Emperor Menelik II ______the army, along with roads, bridges, and schools.
When the Italians invaded they were ______so badly by Menelik that no other Europeans tried to take Ethiopia.
Effects of Imperialism
Positive Results / Negative Results1. Unified national states created / 1. Encouraged tribal wars by creating artificial borders
2. Improved medical care, sanitation, and nutrition / 2. Created population explosion famine
3. Increased agricultural production / 3. Produced cash crops needed by Europeans, and not food for Africans
4. Improved transportation and communication facilities / 4. Exploited natural resources: minerals, lumber, rubber, human rights
5. Expanded education opportunities / 5. Downgraded traditional African culture westernization
European Imperialism by 1914
Britain / France / Germany / BelgiumHome Area (square miles) / 94,000 / 212,600 / 210,000 / 11,800
Home Population (millions) / 45.5 / 42 / 67.5 / 8.3
Global Colonial Area (mil. sq. miles) / 13.1 / 4.3 / 1.1 / .94
Global Colonial Population (millions) / 470 / 65 / 13 / 13
Region / Percentage Colonized
Australia / 100%
Africa / 90.4%
Asia / 56.5%
Americas / 27.2%
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