Igneous Environments and Volcanoes: Chapters 5 and 6

Chapter 5: Igneous Environments

· Describe and explain the formation of the following textures displayed by igneous rocks.

o Fine-grained, coarse-grained, glassy, breccias, vesicular, pegmatite

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· Draw the diagram of igneous rock classification

· Know the following common igneous rocks and be able to describe their formation

o Granite, diorite, peridotite, gabbro, andesite, rhyolite, basalt, scoria, pumice, obsidian, tuff (breccias),

· Summarize the main differences between felsic and mafic rocks.

· Know the order of silicate mineral crystallization (Bowen’s Reaction Series), and be able to relate the series to temperature, mineral content, and kinds of rocks.

· Be able to explain why the subduction and melting of a mafic plate can result in both andesitic and granitic magma.

· Understand what factors affect viscosity of magma

· Understand a pressure/temperature graph and how it explains where and why rock melts

· Describe the effect of water on rock melting.

· Explain why rock melts at a subduction zone and at a continental rift?

· Know how to identify an ophiolite, and know what the significance is of an ophiolite

· Describe the effect of a hot spot under the ocean crust and under the continental crust.

· What is a batholith, how did it form, and where would you find one today?

· Sketch the difference between a dike and a sill, and explain why each has the orientation that it does.

· Sketch or discuss the geometry of a laccolith.

· Explain how a volcanic neck can form.

· Describe what columnar joints are.

Chapter 6: Volcanoes and Volcanic Hazards

· Sketch and describe the four main types of volcanoes that construct hills and mountains, including their relative sizes

· Sketch or describe the relative sizes of different types of volcanoes and describe the tectonic setting most likely for each..

· Describe four ways that magma erupts.

· Distinguish among volcanic ash, cinders, bombs and blocks.

· Summarize the difference between an eruption column and pyroclastic flow, and the role that gas plays in eruptive style.

· Describe how viscosity influences how explosive an eruption is.

· Describe the characteristics of flood basalts, how they erupt, and give an example.

· Sketch and describe the interpreted relationship between flood basalts and mantle plumes.

· Summarize how flood basalts could affect climate and life on Earth.

· Describe the following kinds of volcanic hazards: gases, ash and pumice fall, lava flows, pyroclastic flows, lahars and give examples of each.

· Identify some examples of composite, shield, dome, and scoria cone volcanoes from around the world.

· Summarize the type of eruptions that occurred at Vesuvius, Pelee, Mount St. Helens, Krakatau, and Santorini and the cause of most of the deaths.

· Describe or sketch the formation of a caldera, and be able to distinguish it from a crater

· Explain the formation of Crater Lake.

· Summarize the volcanic history of Yellowstone, including the distribution of volcanic ash.

Lab s

Laboratory 5: Igneous Rocks

Bowen’s Reaction Series Lab

3 Volcano assignment