Supplemental Table S1. Individual Metabolite LC-MS Geometric Mean Peak Areas by Fasting Timea

Supplemental Table S1. Individual metabolite LC-MS geometric mean peak areas by fasting timea

Metabolite category / Metabolite / Peak area for Fasting ≥13 h / Percentage difference in peak area
Fasting 9-12 vs ≥13 h / Fasting 5-8 vs ≥13 h / Fasting ≤4 vs ≥13 h
Amines / acetylcarnitine / 6899655.4 / -10.6 / -0.4 / -14.2
Amines / betaine / 7302843 / 2.4 / 6.5 / 6.7
Amines / carnitine / 4371665.4 / -2.7 / -4.6 / -2.9
Amines / putrescine / 53900.5 / -3.1 / -4.9 / -16.3
Amines / trimethylamine-N-oxide / 150864.7 / 1.9 / -21.0 / 2.0
Amino acid derivatives / ADMA/SDMA / 376444.4 / -1.1 / -8.6 / -3.8
Amino acid derivatives / aminoisobutyric acid / 16582.9 / -4.4 / -15.5 / -11.1
Amino acid derivatives / anthranilic acid / 2701.1 / 4.1 / -0.3 / 4.1
Amino acid derivatives / dimethylglycine / 116844.6 / 8.2 / 3.7 / 17.2
Amino acid derivatives / indoxylsulfate / 3338237.2 / -5.5 / -6.5 / 9.1
Amino acid derivatives / kynurenic acid / 8352.3 / 0.7 / -11.4 / -0.8
Amino acid derivatives / kynurenine / 552305.9 / 8.1 / -0.6 / 4.8
Amino acid derivatives / quinolinate / 288666.9 / 6.4 / 3.0 / 11.9
Amino acid derivatives / NMMA / 36842.3 / 1.5 / -11.2 / -0.2
Amino acid derivatives / thyroxine / 5134.2 / -3.0 / -9.3 / -3.6
Amino acid derivatives / 2-aminoadipate / 38180.5 / 2.0 / 2.5 / 24.6
Amino acid derivatives / 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid / 3818.1 / 9.5 / -2.7 / 25.5
Amino acid derivatives / xanthurenate / 42379.2 / -10.0 / 7.5 / 10.3
Amino acids / acetylglycine / 29438 / -19.0 / 10.3 / -20.0
Amino acids / alanine / 1131970.1 / 0.1 / -6.0 / 8.7
Amino acids / arginine / 486335.2 / 5.4 / -10.4 / 5.9
Amino acids / asparagine / 160367.6 / 0.2 / -2.2 / 3.4
Amino acids / aspartate / 10373.2 / 2.5 / 10.8 / 3.6
Amino acids / butyrobetaine / 531272.2 / -2.8 / -7.6 / 0.6
Amino acids / cis/trans hydroxyproline / 95934.3 / 3.2 / -16.2 / 7.5
Amino acids / citrulline / 153775.4 / 4.8 / 4.2 / 1.6
Amino acids / glutamate / 247799.2 / 4.9 / 14.2 / 5.2
Amino acids / glutamine / 4528335.5 / 0.9 / -0.6 / 1.4
Amino acids / glycine / 17601.6 / -4.7 / -3.3 / -2.6
Amino acids / histidine / 1830520 / 0.8 / 4.0 / 1.4
Amino acids / isoleucine / 2140367.4 / 3.8 / -2.3 / 8.8
Amino acids / leucine / 3259840.4 / 0.9 / -4.5 / 0.5
Amino acids / lysine / 2930445.2 / -3.3 / -9.4 / -5.5
Amino acids / methionine / 164308.3 / 1.9 / -6.2 / 3.9
Amino acids / methionine sulfoxide / 4712 / 3.4 / 5.8 / 56.4
Amino acids / ornithine / 926252.2 / 2.0 / -5.0 / 2.1
Amino acids / N-carbamoyl-beta-alanine / 8550.5 / 4.9 / -5.9 / 4.4
Amino acids / phenylalanine / 4335427.7 / 2.2 / -2.5 / 5.6
Amino acids / pipecolic acid / 62906.6 / 5.4 / 14.4 / 20.7
Amino acids / proline / 7596282.2 / 2.0 / 7.2 / 21.6
Amino acids / pyroglutamic acid / 67375.1 / -1.9 / -0.3 / -5.7
Amino acids / serine / 371249.3 / -3.8 / -2.0 / 0.0
Amino acids / threonine / 509173.5 / -0.7 / -3.8 / 0.8
Amino acids / tryptophan / 197091.2 / 3.7 / -2.8 / 0.5
Amino acids / tyrosine / 33442 / 5.3 / -0.3 / 10.8
Amino acids / valine / 3656519.9 / 2.4 / -6.2 / 1.8
Bile acids / chenodeoxycholate/deoxycholate / 356220.4 / 17.4 / 18.7 / 3.0
Bile acids / glycocholate / 160332.3 / -2.5 / -11.3 / 53.1
Bile acids / glycodeoxycholate/ glycochenodeoxycholate / 249061.6 / 0.4 / 11.2 / 98.6
Bile acids / taurocholate / 29833.1 / -8.4 / -29.1 / 33.1
Bile acids / taurodeoxycholate/ taurochenodeoxycholate / 67597.3 / 4.4 / -14.3 / 129.9
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C14:0 LPC / 42501288.1 / 3.3 / 7.1 / 0.4
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C14:0 SM / 296928530.5 / 0.9 / 0.4 / 0.5
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C16:0 LPC / 1654858790 / 0.7 / 3.0 / 0.8
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C16:0 SM / 1055413617 / -0.6 / -1.1 / 0.1
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C16:1 CE / 44177263.8 / -4.6 / 7.3 / -9.1
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C16:1 LPC / 113572848.4 / -0.2 / 8.8 / -3.8
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C16:1 SM / 400404692.6 / 0.1 / -0.3 / -0.3
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C18:0 CE / 146497629.3 / 0.2 / -5.3 / -4.3
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C18:0 LPC / 899241810.6 / 2.5 / 3.5 / 0.2
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C18:0 LPE / 29326258.5 / -0.1 / 6.0 / 2.0
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C18:0 SM / 228329731 / -4.1 / -7.5 / -3.4
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C18:1 LPC / 671362220.6 / 4.6 / 7.6 / 0.2
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C18:1 SM / 150732981.8 / -2.2 / -0.6 / -1.9
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C18:2 CE / 1096035905 / -0.4 / -4.4 / -4.4
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C18:2 LPC / 718935083.4 / 6.4 / 7.5 / 8.2
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C18:2 SM / 13379116 / -2.6 / -0.4 / -4.5
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C18:3 CE / 153140384.6 / -1.2 / -3.8 / -12.2
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C20:3 CE / 93079574.7 / -3.4 / -7.7 / -9.2
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C20:3 LPC / 299861538.7 / 5.0 / 3.4 / 6.6
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C20:4 CE / 448848660 / -3.0 / -2.9 / -8.7
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C20:4 LPC / 389357902.2 / 4.0 / 4.7 / -0.2
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C20:5 CE / 89539928.3 / -1.7 / 3.7 / -15.7
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C20:5 LPC / 10619587.3 / 6.0 / 3.2 / 6.0
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C22:0 SM / 1668574555 / 1.4 / -2.5 / 0.9
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C22:6 CE / 55151384.7 / -3.6 / 3.7 / -10.9
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C22:6 LPC / 67521256.6 / -0.9 / 20.9 / -3.0
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C22:6 LPE / 281685877.5 / 3.4 / 4.7 / 0.6
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C24:1 SM / 230923050.3 / -2.1 / -6.9 / -4.6
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C32:0 PC / 177026782.8 / -2.3 / 2.3 / 1.2
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C32:1 PC / 218382034.7 / 0.2 / 6.5 / -0.4
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C32:2 PC / 104695335.1 / 5.7 / -1.3 / -1.4
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C34:1 DAG / 26516469 / 2.3 / 3.2 / 16.7
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C34:1 PC / 1172215331 / -0.7 / -0.5 / -0.1
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C34:2 DAG / 17873152.2 / -0.4 / 2.9 / 12.0
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C34:2 PC / 1404224733 / -0.2 / -1.1 / 0.1
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C34:3 PC / 347615934.8 / 0.7 / -3.7 / -3.1
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C34:4 PC / 64868856.4 / 1.4 / -1.8 / -3.2
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C36:1 DAG / 21388872.6 / 2.3 / -0.1 / 10.0
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C36:1 PC / 484108068.7 / 2.8 / -1.0 / -0.4
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C36:2 DAG / 48799352.3 / 0.7 / -1.9 / 6.8
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C36:2 PC / 1249223219 / 3.7 / -0.5 / -0.3
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C36:3 PC / 1087312938 / 3.6 / 4.2 / 7.9
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C36:4 PC-A / 365376368.7 / 1.4 / -3.4 / 1.7
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C36:4 PC-B / 1204765259 / -0.7 / 1.2 / -0.1
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C38:2 PC / 205638409 / -2.5 / -3.8 / -1.2
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C38:3 PC / 367232266.1 / -5.5 / -7.8 / -6.7
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C38:4 PC / 883064999.8 / -1.2 / -2.2 / -0.8
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C38:5 PC / 713006157.4 / -1.0 / 0.5 / -3.0
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C38:6 PC / 716254160.1 / -3.0 / 5.3 / -1.5
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C40:6 PC / 293183620.5 / 0.6 / 6.9 / -3.2
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C46:1 TAG / 39444887.7 / 19.5 / 28.7 / 59.6
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C46:2 TAG / 33815949.6 / 13.5 / 20.2 / 56.2
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C48:0 TAG / 27782474.7 / 12.2 / 22.3 / 45.1
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C48:1 TAG / 138941678 / 10.2 / 17.6 / 26.4
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C48:2 TAG / 153393743.3 / 10.6 / 18.2 / 31.4
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C48:3 TAG / 90649550.7 / 7.2 / 10.7 / 20.9
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C48:4 TAG / 97189103.6 / 1.6 / 1.2 / 5.9
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C50:0 TAG / 31801999.5 / 20.0 / 31.3 / 64.8
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C50:1 TAG / 219379831.8 / 8.6 / 12.6 / 23.3
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C50:2 TAG / 420950447.3 / 2.3 / 7.4 / 9.3
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C50:3 TAG / 398875104.1 / -0.7 / 6.1 / 9.3
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C50:4 TAG / 194517247.1 / 2.5 / 5.2 / 12.9
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C50:5 TAG / 95812548.6 / 3.0 / 5.6 / 8.6
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C52:1 TAG / 166977952.9 / 14.9 / 9.0 / 35.6
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C52:2 TAG / 552952385.3 / 1.5 / -2.5 / 4.3
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C52:3 TAG / 846072338.1 / 0.5 / -1.7 / 0.6
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C52:4 TAG / 775925730.6 / -2.9 / -2.0 / 0.9
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C52:5 TAG / 354334811.8 / -1.2 / 0.9 / 7.2
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C52:6 TAG / 87725047.7 / 0.9 / 0.6 / 7.7
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C54:2 TAG / 141105998.2 / 9.6 / -1.0 / 29.7
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C54:3 TAG / 214633509.9 / 3.9 / -3.7 / 15.5
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C54:4 TAG / 351968636.2 / 1.8 / -2.2 / 6.5
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C54:5 TAG / 427879564.1 / -1.7 / -2.6 / 6.1
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C54:6 TAG / 302788687.9 / -0.8 / 1.8 / 15.0
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C54:7 TAG / 171997767.5 / -4.7 / 0.3 / 5.0
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C54:8 TAG / 65261074.4 / -0.8 / 1.4 / 15.9
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C56:2 TAG / 22888862 / 4.6 / 0.0 / 35.2
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C56:3 TAG / 14505667.1 / -3.0 / -11.8 / 14.0
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C56:4 TAG / 27353180.2 / -1.6 / -2.1 / 12.4
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C56:5 TAG / 53219478.5 / 1.3 / 1.7 / 1.4
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C56:6 TAG / 128419665.2 / -0.8 / -2.4 / 3.3
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C56:7 TAG / 178908073 / -7.0 / -0.1 / -1.6
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C56:8 TAG / 132820733.7 / -6.7 / -0.9 / 1.0
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C56:9 TAG / 50218608 / -5.5 / -1.9 / 9.5
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C58:10 TAG / 24031933.7 / -8.2 / 1.2 / 0.9
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C58:7 TAG / 20252736.4 / -3.5 / -4.1 / -3.3
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C58:8 TAG / 30470491.7 / -8.9 / -2.4 / -3.9
Lipids and lipid metabolites / C58:9 TAG / 31398429 / -8.5 / -0.4 / 3.5
Organic acids / aconitate / 581294.8 / -5.1 / -4.3 / 7.9
Organic acids / alpha-hydroxybutyrate / 636623.9 / -13.7 / -2.3 / -18.1
Organic acids / beta-hydroxybutyrate / 279663.8 / -24.8 / 31.7 / -36.9
Organic acids / citrate / 26288030.9 / -6.5 / -7.1 / -1.1
Organic acids / fumarate/maleate/alpha-ketoisovalerate / 673910.2 / -7.7 / 0.6 / 10.7
Organic acids / isocitrate / 991797.7 / -6.9 / -3.5 / 8.4
Organic acids / lactate / 34323752.9 / -0.3 / -0.7 / -0.6
Organic acids / malate / 2789018.1 / -3.4 / 3.0 / -1.5
Organic acids / methylmalonate / 537000.3 / -1.7 / 1.6 / 10.6
Organic acids / 2-hydroxyglutarate / 433475.5 / 3.8 / 10.2 / -3.6
Organic acids / 3-methyladipate/pimelate / 35920 / 3.5 / 7.3 / 29.9
Purines and pyrimidines / urate / 51746201.4 / 1.8 / -1.7 / -2.6
Purines and pyrimidines / uridine / 9692212.1 / -1.2 / -3.9 / -26.6
Purines and pyrimidines / 1-methylnicotinamide / 97137.3 / -2.9 / -7.4 / 0.7
Vitamins / pantothenate / 1891643.7 / 7.6 / 9.6 / 24.1
Vitamins / thiamine / 10217.7 / 10.4 / 9.2 / 58.6
Vitamins / 4-pyridoxate / 477290.3 / 0.8 / 16.0 / 77.3
Other / allantoin / 6087.3 / 7.2 / 16.8 / 73.0
Other / cotinine / 7676.5 / -19.6 / -7.1 / -32.8
Other / creatine / 1379919.7 / -13.2 / -20.2 / -7.7
Other / creatinine / 1482400.1 / 0.0 / -6.8 / 2.5
Other / hippurate / 1709143.8 / 14.2 / -27.8 / 35.7
Other / hydroxyphenylacetate / 45609.5 / 0.8 / 1.3 / 36.5
Other / phenylethylamine / 311 / -1.7 / 10.8 / -9.7
Other / salicylurate / 1216959.7 / -0.2 / -19.3 / 95.9
Other / sorbitol / 3689034.4 / -0.6 / 20.3 / 22.2
Other / uracil / 678955.8 / -2.6 / 6.3 / -15.6

a Geometric means were adjusted for age at blood draw (years, continuous), race (white, non-white), body mass index (continuous, kg/m2), physical activity (metabolic equivalent-hrs/wk, continuous), sex/menopausal status (female/premenopausal, female/postmenopausal and no hormone therapy use, female/postmenopausal and hormone therapy use, male), and total calorie intake (kcal, continuous).