GLOSSARY OF COMMONLY USED TERMS
Ambivalence – Conflicting feelings or thoughts; uncertainty or indecisiveness as to what course to follow.
Bereavement – Global term encompassing both the feelings of grief and the process of mourning in reaction a death.
Bipolar disorder – A mood disorder characterized by manic episodes and major depressive episodes.
Community referral – A recommendation to obtain additional services to be provided by hospitals, mental health agencies, organizations, consultants, and/or mental health professionals in the local area.
Conduct disorder – A repetitive and persistent behavior pattern during which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate norms or rules are ignored and often violated. A diagnosis of conduct disorder is likely if the behaviors continue for a period of 6 months or longer.
Continuum – A whole characterized as a collection, sequence, or progression of elements varying by degrees.
Copycat behavior or “contagion” - A process by which exposure to suicidal behavior of other person(s) influences another to attempt or complete suicide. This behavior may imitate or mimic another suicide by method, timing (such as on an anniversary of another suicide), or in other ways. Numerous studies have shown an increase in suicides, particularly among youth, following prominent or repetitive media coverage of a suicide that gives specific details of the suicide, such as giving a detailed description of the methods used.
Crisis intervention – The type of response to an individual who is at moderate or high risk for suicide. Intervention includes the response and medical or psychiatric emergency services for the individual.
Crisis team - A group of individuals trained and assembled for the purpose of responding to the needs of others during and after a crisis event/situation.
Debriefing – A facilitated session to provide staff intervening in a crisis with an opportunity to discuss and process crisis related events. The purpose of debriefing is to provide support, recognition, and information.
Gatekeeper – This is the term used to define the role of individuals who are routinely in direct contact with a specific target audience who are trained to know basic suicide prevention steps. Gatekeepers are trained to recognize and respond appropriately to warning signs of suicidal behavior and to assist at-risk individuals in getting the help they need.
Lethal means of suicide – Most dangerous methods of taking one’s life, such as the use of firearms, cutting tools, or medications.
Lethality – The degree of danger that a person will probably kill himself or herself is defined as lethality.
Lethal means restriction – This term is used to indicate the interruption of and/or prevention of access to deadly methods of suicide. Removing lethal means is a meansrestriction.
Mandatory reporting – People who work with children and families are required by law (Chapter 48) to make reports of suspected child abuse and neglect to the County Child Protective Services Unit.
Murder-suicide – When one individual murders one or more persons and then takes his/her own life by suicide.
Postvention – A sequence of planned support and interventions carried out with survivors in the aftermath of a suicide.
Prevention – A coordinated and comprehensive set of specific interventions strategically linked to target populations at risk for the development of specific disorders and dysfunction.
Protective factors – The positive conditions, personal and social resources that promote resiliency, protect and buffer the individual, and reduce the potential for high-risk behaviors, including suicide are captured in the phrase “protective factors.”
Re-entry – The process of returning to the school environment following an extended period of absence is re-entry.
Risk factors – Stressful events, situations, and/or conditions that may increase one’s likelihood of attempting or completing suicide.
Stigma – Stigma is commonly defined as the use of stereotypes and labels when defining someone. Stigmatization of people with mental disorders is manifested by bias, distrust, stereotyping, fear, embarrassment, anger, and/or avoidance. Stigma leads the (public) to avoid people with mental disorders. It reduces access to resources and leads to low self-esteem, isolation, and hopelessness.
Suicide – Suicide is defined as death from injury, poisoning, or suffocation where there is evidence (either explicit or implicit) the injury was self-inflicted and the decedent intended to kill him/herself. (Note: The term “completed suicide” can be used interchangeably with the term “suicide”.) Never use the term “successful” suicide. Suicide completion is not a success.
Suicide attempt – Any fatal or non-fatal intentional self-inflicted injury.
Suicidal behavior – Threats of self-injury, gestures, attempts, and completions are all suicidal behaviors.
Suicide by cop – “Victim precipitated” suicide is also referred as “suicide by cop.”
Suicide clusters – A series of consecutive suicides in the same geographic area, among a demographically similar group of individuals is termed a suicide cluster.
Suicidal ideation – Thoughts about completing suicide are clinically referred to as “suicidal ideation.”
Suicide pact – An agreement to complete suicide by two or more individuals.
Suicide threat - A verbal statement indicating that suicide is being considered.
Suicide survivor – An individual experiencing the traumatic effects of losing a loved one to suicide.
These suggestions were compiled from a variety of sources including:
Maine Youth Suicide Prevention Guidelines
Community-Based Suicide Postvention Guidelines for Wisconsin