Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach, 7e, (Silverthorn)
Chapter 5 Membrane Dynamics
1) Which body fluid compartment contains high levels of K+, large anions, and proteins?
A) plasma only
B) interstitial fluid only
C) intracellular fluid only
D) both plasma and intracellular fluid
E) both plasma and interstitial fluid
Answer: C
Section: The Resting Membrane Potential
Learning Outcome: 5.12
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
2) Which body fluid compartment contains higher levels of Na+, Cl-, and HCO3-?
A) plasma only
B) interstitial fluid only
C) intracellular fluid only
D) both plasma and intracellular fluid
E) both plasma and interstitial fluid
Answer: E
Section: The Resting Membrane Potential
Learning Outcome: 5.12
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
3) All of the following are types of mediated transport EXCEPT one. Identify the exception.
A) facilitated diffusion
B) primary active transport
C) simple diffusion
D) secondary active transport
Answer: C
Section: Transport Processes
Learning Outcome: 5.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
4) Bulk flow is fluid flow as a result of a(n) ______gradient.
A) concentration
B) electrical
C) pressure
D) Two of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers are correct.
Answer: C
Section: Transport Processes
Learning Outcome: 5.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
5) Water is a polar molecule, yet it easily moves through the nonpolar portions of cell membranes. Which transport process is responsible?
A) facilitated diffusion
B) simple diffusion
C) uniport
D) symport
E) antiport
Answer: B
Section: Transport Processes
Learning Outcome: 5.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
6) Permeability is a property of
A) membranes.
B) ions.
C) solutes.
D) solvents.
E) proteins.
Answer: A
Section: Transport Processes
Learning Outcome: 5.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
7) The term cellular (metabolic) energy indicates any biological process requiring
A) energy in any form.
B) ATP.
C) thermal energy.
D) chemical energy.
E) thermal energy and chemical energy.
Answer: B
Section: Transport Processes
Learning Outcome: 5.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
8) What are the two extracellular fluid compartments in the body?
A) intracellular and plasma
B) plasma and interstitial
C) interstitial and intracellular
D) plasma and the fluid portion of the blood
E) None of the answers are correct.
Answer: B
Section: The Resting Membrane Potential
Learning Outcome: 5.12
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
9) Saturation occurs when
A) molecules are moved by the use of vesicles.
B) the energy required to move molecules results from a high-energy bond.
C) a group of carrier proteins is operating at its maximum rate.
D) a preference of a carrier protein for a substance is demonstrated based on the differing affinities of the carrier for the substrates.
E) a carrier molecule has the ability to transport only one molecule or a group of closely related molecules.
Answer: C
Section: Protein-Mediated Transport
Learning Outcome: 5.9
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
10) The means by which a cell transports large molecules out of the cell is called
A) phagocytosis.
B) endocytosis.
C) exocytosis.
D) diffusion.
E) active transport.
Answer: C
Section: Vesicular Transport
Learning Outcome: 5.10
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
11) Which of the following is a way for solutes in an aqueous solution to move from an area of high solute concentration to an area of low solute concentration?
A) only facilitated diffusion
B) only osmosis
C) only active transport
D) both facilitated diffusion and osmosis
E) None of the answers are correct.
Answer: A
Section: Transport Processes
Learning Outcome: 5.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
12) In an epithelium, the apical membrane is also known as the ______membrane.
A) basolateral
B) mucosal
C) serosal
D) basement
E) nictitating
Answer: B
Section: Epithelial Transport
Learning Outcome: 5.11
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
13) Hyposmotic solutions
A) have higher concentrations of solutes than hyperosmotic solutions.
B) have lower concentrations of solutes than other hyposmotic solutions.
C) have the same concentration of solutes as hyperosmotic solutions.
D) have lower concentrations of solutes than hyperosmotic solutions.
E) None of the answers are correct.
Answer: D
Section: Osmosis and Tonicity
Learning Outcome: 5.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
14) Which of the following statements about the Na+/K+ pump is FALSE?
A) It transports Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell.
B) It is present in neurons.
C) Its activity requires the expenditure of metabolic (cellular) energy.
D) It transports Na+ and K+ in a 1:1 ratio.
Answer: D
Section: Protein-Mediated Transport
Learning Outcome: 5.8
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
15) Which of the following statements about the resting membrane potential is TRUE?
A) It is normally equal to zero volts.
B) The inside of the membrane is positively charged compared to the outside.
C) It results, in part, from the concentration gradients for Na+ and K+.
D) It is due in part to the presence of extracellular proteins.
Answer: C
Section: The Resting Membrane Potential
Learning Outcome: 5.12
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
16) Voltage-gated (voltage-dependent) channels and antiport carriers are both types of
A) structural proteins.
B) enzymes.
C) transporters.
D) receptors.
Answer: C
Section: The Resting Membrane Potential
Learning Outcome: 5.13
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
17) The resting membrane potential in a typical nerve cell is approximately
A) +70 mV.
B) -70 mV.
C) +35 mV.
D) -35 mV.
E) 0 mV.
Answer: B
Section: The Resting Membrane Potential
Learning Outcome: 5.12
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
18) Compared to the outside surface, the inside of a resting cell membrane is
A) positively charged.
B) negatively charged.
C) electrically neutral.
D) continuously reversing its electrical charge.
E) positively charged whenever the sodium-potassium pump is active.
Answer: B
Section: The Resting Membrane Potential
Learning Outcome: 5.12
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
19) Caveolae and clathrin-coated pits are both used in
A) endocytosis.
B) exocytosis.
C) phagocytosis.
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers are correct.
Answer: A
Section: Vesicular Transport
Learning Outcome: 5.10
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
20) As the charge on the membrane of a typical neuron approaches 0 from -70 mV, the cell is
A) only repolarizing.
B) only hyperpolarizing.
C) only depolarizing.
D) only becoming more difficult to stimulate.
E) hyperpolarizing and becoming more difficult to stimulate.
Answer: C
Section: The Resting Membrane Potential
Learning Outcome: 5.13
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
21) The ion that plays a key role in initiating electrical signals in neurons is
A) K+.
B) Na+.
C) Cl-.
D) Ca2+.
Answer: B
Section: The Resting Membrane Potential
Learning Outcome: 5.13
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
22) Which of the following is NOT involved in creating the resting potential of a neuron?
A) diffusion of potassium ions out of the cell
B) diffusion of sodium ions into the cell
C) resting membrane permeability for sodium ions greater than potassium ions
D) resting membrane permeability for potassium ions greater than sodium ions
Answer: C
Section: The Resting Membrane Potential
Learning Outcome: 5.12
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
23) Passive transport refers to a process that requires
A) no energy at all.
B) no cellular energy.
C) no pressure gradient.
D) no concentration gradient.
E) no electrical gradient.
Answer: B
Section: Transport Processes
Learning Outcome: 5.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
24) Which of the following is NOT true of diffusion in the human body?
A) Diffusion occurs faster at higher temperatures.
B) Smaller molecules take longer to diffuse than larger ones.
C) Net movement of molecules occurs until the osmolarity is equal.
D) Diffusion is rapid over short distances and slower over longer distances.
Answer: B
Section: Diffusion
Learning Outcome: 5.7
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
25) Gated channels for sodium ions may include
A) mechanical gates, which respond to pressure.
B) chemical gates, which respond to ligands.
C) voltage gates, which respond to electrical signals.
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers are correct.
Answer: D
Section: The Resting Membrane Potential
Learning Outcome: 5.12
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
26) When a neuron changes its ion permeability from the resting state,
A) a variety of gated ion channels may open or close.
B) Na+ channels may open, allowing Na+ to enter the cell.
C) K+ channels must open, allowing K+ to enter the cell.
D) only a variety of gated ion channels may open or close and Na+ channels may open, allowing Na+ to enter the cell.
E) a variety of gated ion channels may open or close, Na+ channels may open, allowing Na+ to enter the cell, and K+ channels must open, allowing K+ to enter the cell.
Answer: D
Section: The Resting Membrane Potential
Learning Outcome: 5.13
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Match the membrane protein with its function.
A. transfer signals from the extracellular environment to the cytoplasm of the cell
B. form cell-to-cell connections
C. bind to molecules to facilitate entry to or exit from the cell
D. ligands bind to these proteins and are changed by the protein
27) structural proteins
Answer: B
Section: Protein-Mediated Transport
Learning Outcome: 5.8
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
28) enzymes
Answer: D
Section: Protein-Mediated Transport
Learning Outcome: 5.8
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
29) receptors
Answer: A
Section: Protein-Mediated Transport
Learning Outcome: 5.8
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
30) transporters
Answer: C
Section: Protein-Mediated Transport
Learning Outcome: 5.8
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Match the transport process to its description.
A. active transport
B. passive transport
31) the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Answer: C
Section: Transport Processes
Learning Outcome: 5.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
32) the movement of molecules via proteins embedded in the cell membrane; requires ATP
Answer: A
Section: Transport Processes
Learning Outcome: 5.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
33) the movement of molecules against the concentration gradient
Answer: A
Section: Transport Processes
Learning Outcome: 5.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
34) tends to create an equilibrium state
Answer: B
Section: Transport Processes
Learning Outcome: 5.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Match the transport process to its description.
A. simple diffusion
B. facilitated diffusion
C. both
D. neither
35) the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Answer: C
Section: Diffusion, Protein-Mediated Transport
Learning Outcome: 5.7, 5.8
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
36) the use of ATP to move molecules
Answer: D
Section: Protein-Mediated Transport
Learning Outcome: 5.8
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
37) a form of mediated transport
Answer: B
Section: Protein-Mediated Transport
Learning Outcome: 5.8
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
38) conform(s) to the properties of specificity, competition, and saturation
Answer: B
Section: Protein-Mediated Transport
Learning Outcome: 5.9
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Match the type of transport with its description.
A. secretion
B. paracellular transport
C. transcellular transport
D. absorption
39) between adjacent cells
Answer: B
Section: Epithelial Transport
Learning Outcome: 5.11
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
40) from an organ's lumen to the extracellular fluid
Answer: D
Section: Epithelial Transport
Learning Outcome: 5.11
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
41) in one side of a cell and out the other
Answer: C
Section: Epithelial Transport
Learning Outcome: 5.11
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
42) movement from the extracellular fluid into the lumen of an organ
Answer: A
Section: Epithelial Transport
Learning Outcome: 5.11
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Match the terms to changes presented, assuming a resting membrane potential of -70 mV. Answers may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
A. electrical polarization
B. hyperpolarization
C. depolarization
D. repolarization
E. more than one of the answers
43) to -50 mV from resting potential
Answer: C
Section: The Resting Membrane Potential
Learning Outcome: 5.13
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
44) to -70 mV from -50 mV
Answer: D
Section: The Resting Membrane Potential
Learning Outcome: 5.13
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
45) to -90 mV from resting potential
Answer: B
Section: The Resting Membrane Potential
Learning Outcome: 5.13
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
46) to +30 mV from resting potential
Answer: C
Section: The Resting Membrane Potential
Learning Outcome: 5.11
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
47) to -70 mV from -90 mV
Answer: D
Section: The Resting Membrane Potential
Learning Outcome: 5.13
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
48) any value other than 0 mV, regardless of relationship to resting potential
Answer: A
Section: The Resting Membrane Potential
Learning Outcome: 5.13
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Match the potential or potential change with the causative circumstances. Assume ion movements are net movements. Answers may be used more than once or not at all.
A. resting membrane potential
B. hyperpolarization
C. depolarization
D. repolarization
E. more than one of the answers
49) Na+ enters the cell
Answer: C
Section: The Resting Membrane Potential
Learning Outcome: 5.13
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
50) K+ leaves the cell
Answer: E
Section: The Resting Membrane Potential
Learning Outcome: 5.13
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
51) Cl- enters the cell
Answer: B
Section: The Resting Membrane Potential
Learning Outcome: 5.13
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
52) membrane potential is 0 mV
Answer: C
Section: The Resting Membrane Potential
Learning Outcome: 5.13
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
53) This type of membrane protein extends all the way through the cell membrane into both the extra- and intracellular fluids: ______.
Answer: membrane-spanning
Section: Protein-Mediated Transport
Learning Outcome: 5.8
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
54) The membrane proteins that catalyze reactions that take place on the external or internal surface of the cell are ______.
Answer: enzymes
Section: Protein-Mediated Transport
Learning Outcome: 5.8
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
55) The membrane proteins that bind to a ligand and act in the body's chemical signaling system are ______.
Answer: receptors
Section: Protein-Mediated Transport
Learning Outcome: 5.8
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
56) The membrane proteins that provide for support of the cell membrane and allow for cells to connect to each other are ______.
Answer: structural proteins
Section: Protein-Mediated Transport
Learning Outcome: 5.8
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
57) The membrane proteins that change shape and bind with specific molecules to transport them across the cell membrane are ______.
Answer: carrier proteins
Section: Protein-Mediated Transport
Learning Outcome: 5.8
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
58) Carrier proteins operating at their maximum rate are said to be ______.
Answer: saturated
Section: Protein-Mediated Transport
Learning Outcome: 5.9
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
59) The three types of gated channels are ______, ______, and ______.
Answer: chemically gated channels, voltage-gated channels, mechanically gated channels
Section: Protein-Mediated Transport
Learning Outcome: 5.8
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
60) Membrane protein pores that can be opened and closed are called ______channels.
Answer: gated (regulated)
Section: Protein-Mediated Transport
Learning Outcome: 5.8
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
61) The Na+-K+-ATPase pumps (this number of) ______Na+ ions ______(into/out of) the cell and (this number of) ______K+ ions ______(into/out of) the cell.
Answer: 3 Na+, out of, 2 K+, into
Section: Protein-Mediated Transport
Learning Outcome: 5.8
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
62) A pump that helps maintain an electrical gradient, such as the Na+-K+-ATPase is a(n) ______pump.
Answer: electrogenic
Section: The Resting Membrane Potential
Learning Outcome: 5.13
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
63) Channel proteins that allow water to pass are called ______.
Answer: aquaporins
Section: Protein-Mediated Transport
Learning Outcome: 5.8
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
64) Membrane protein pores that are essentially always open are called ______or ______channels.
Answer: open, leak (either order)
Section: Protein-Mediated Transport
Learning Outcome: 5.8
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
65) Which of the following is a unique characteristic of glucose as a solute in biological systems?
A) It enters the interstitial fluid before going into the cell.
B) It is freely penetrating and can pass in and out of the cells at any time.
C) 100% of it is absorbed into the cell from the extracellular fluid.
D) It is converted into dextrose inside the cell.
Answer: C
Section: Osmosis and Tonicity
Learning Outcome: 5.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
66) The two extracellular compartments in the body are ______and ______.
Answer: plasma, interstitial fluid
Section: Osmosis and Tonicity
Learning Outcome: 5.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
67) The walls of the ______separate the two extracellular fluid compartments.
Answer: circulatory system
Section: Osmosis and Tonicity
Learning Outcome: 5.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
68) The ability of a carrier molecule to transport only one specific molecule or a group of closely related molecules is called ______.
Answer: specificity
Section: Protein-Mediated Transport
Learning Outcome: 5.9
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
69) At rest, nerve cells have an unequal distribution of ions on either side of the cell membrane, producing the ______.
Answer: resting membrane potential
Section: The Resting Membrane Potential
Learning Outcome: 5.12
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
70) At rest, nerve cells have a voltage of ______mV.
Answer: -70 (Note to instructor: All nerve cells are different, so you may wish to accept a range of similar values instead of insisting on precisely this value.)
Section: The Resting Membrane Potential
Learning Outcome: 5.12
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
71) A cell membrane that is selectively permeable
A) randomly chooses which substances will pass through.
B) can change which substances pass through by changing its lipid and protein content.
C) is impermeable to all substances but water.
D) will only allow substances in or out if their concentration in the cell is above or below a certain point.
Answer: B
Section: Protein-Mediated Transport
Learning Outcome: 5.8
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
72) Fick's law of diffusion states that the rate of diffusion across a membrane is
A) proportional to surface area and membrane thickness, but inversely proportional to concentration gradient.
B) proportional to concentration gradient, surface area, and membrane permeability.
C) proportional to membrane permeability, but inversely proportional to concentration gradient and surface area.
D) proportional to membrane thickness and surface area.
Answer: B
Section: Diffusion
Learning Outcome: 5.7
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
73) Which of the following would increase the rate of diffusion across a cell membrane?
A) a decrease in the surface area of the membrane
B) a decrease in the concentration gradient
C) a decrease in membrane permeability
D) a decrease in membrane thickness
Answer: D
Section: Diffusion
Learning Outcome: 5.7
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
74) Pinocytosis and potocytosis are types of
A) endocytosis.
B) exocytosis.
C) phagocytosis.
D) endocytosis and exocytosis.
E) exocytosis and phagocytosis.
Answer: A
Section: Vesicular Transport
Learning Outcome: 5.10
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
75) Sodium ions are more concentrated in the extracellular fluid than in the intracellular fluid. This is an example of