5th semester students are here by informed to go through the following elective subjects and sign on elective subject sheet kept in department by August 1st
MODERN CONTROL THEORY
The method of modeling, analysis and design of feedback systems such as root locus and frequency response methods studied in 4th Semester Control Systems suffers from certain drawbacks, e.g., transfer function defined under zero initial conditions, applicable to linear time invariant systems with single input and single output. The technique studied does not help to ascertain internal variables of the system and it is time consuming for multiple input and multiple output systems.
In modern control theory a system can be represented in more general form where internal state of system variables is available. It is time domain approach and easier for optimization. The pre requisite is Matrix operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and inversion etc with Laplace transformations. It is very powerful technique for the analysis and design of Linear / Non Linear, Time Invariant and Time variant Multiple Input and Multiple Output systems. Digital Computers can be used for solution. The course work helps the students to model, design and analyze the systems using Control system tool box using Matlab/Scilab.
RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
As we know the fact that the know energy source fossil fuels are depleting very fast. For the developing countries India, the scale demand of energy for meeting the day to day domestic, institutional and industrial requirements can be met by utilization of solar energy, wind energy, water energy, geothermal energy etc. Energy is important input in all sectors of various countries. The standard of living of a given country is directly related to per capita energy consumption of country. Energy needs will increase in the future decades with greater level. The developing countries like India etc. depend on RES to higher extent. So, the countries should not be hampered.
So, this course is included in each institution for students to know the need and importance of RES.
Renewable energy sources derive their energy from existing flows of energy from ongoing natural processes, such as sunshine, wind, flowing water, biological processes, and geothermal heat flows. A general definition of renewable energy sources is that renewable energy is captured from an energy resource that is replaced rapidly by a natural process such as power generated from the sun or from the wind. Currently, the most promising (aka economically most feasible) alternative energy sources include wind power, solar power, and hydroelectric power. Other renewable sources include geothermal and ocean energies, as well as biomass and ethanol as renewable fuels.
This subject will give you the brief study about the solar energy applications, solar energy storage, solar thermal systems, wind energy, Biomass, Battery and fuel cells, case studies of generation energy by rice husk etc.
In Unit 1 you will be studying aboutof the aspects of the energy situation in India. Need for renewable energy. The definition and their representation of solar constant, Basic Sun –Earth Angles, Measurement of Solar Radiation Data using pyranometer and pyrheliometer.
In Unit 2 you will be studying about the economy aspects of solar thermal, different methods of solar thermal and Necessity of Energy Storage, and Methods of Energy Storage.
In Unit 3 you will be studying about the concept of solar electric energy, different methods of solar electric energy conversion and energy storage system. Students should learn energy conversion process from biomass. They also learn the construction of different biomass plants.
In Unit 4 you will be studying about the power available in the wind and different wind turbines. You will be able identify good wind sites, the aspects of batteries and fuel cell fundamentals and storage cell definition and emerging areas of fuel cell and applications.
In Unit 5 you will be doing case studies regardingCombustion of rice husk, Roof top, Energy conservation in cooling towers and spray ponds, solar water heating.
SPECIAL ELECTRICAL MACHINES
The Special Electrical Machines like stepper motor, switched reluctance motor, permanent magnet dc and ac motor, brushless dc motors, linear electric machines, permanent magnet axial flux machines are designed for specific applications. During recent years with development in digital control technology special electrical machines are being used in industries extensively hence it is worthwhile to study this Special Electrical Machines in UG course. This will update the technical aptitude of the students aspiring for career in industries.
FUZZY LOGIC
Fuzzy logic is an approach to computing based on "degrees of truth" rather than the usual "true or false" (1 or 0) Boolean logic on which the modern computer is based.The idea of fuzzy logic was first advanced by Dr. LotfiZadeh of the University of California at Berkeley in the 1960s.
Fuzzy logic works on translating Natural language into the absolute terms of 0 and 1.
Fuzzy logic is a form of many-valued logic in which the truth values of variables may be any real number between 0 and 1. It is employed to handle the concept of partial truth, where the truth value may range between completely true and completely false. By contrast, in Boolean logic, the truth values of variables may only be the integer values 0 or 1. Furthermore, when linguistic variables are used, these degrees may be managed by specific (membership) functions.Classical logic only permits conclusions which are either true or false. However, there are also propositions with variable answers, such as one might find when asking a group of people to identify a color. In such instances, the truth appears as the result of reasoning from inexact or partial knowledge in which the sampled answers are mapped on a spectrum.Humans and animals often operate using fuzzy evaluations in many everyday situations. In the case where someone is tossing an object into a container from a distance, the person does not compute exact values for the object weight, density, distance, direction, container height and width, and air resistance to determine the force and angle to toss the object. Instead the person instinctively applies quick "fuzzy" estimates, based upon previous experience, to determine what output values of force, direction and vertical angle to use to make the toss.Both degrees of truth and probabilities range between 0 and 1 and hence may seem similar at first, but fuzzy logic uses degrees of truth as a mathematical model of vagueness, while probability is a mathematical model of ignorance.
Software based on application of fuzzy-logic (as compared with that based on Formal Logic) allows computers to mimic human reasoning more closely, so that decisions can be made with incomplete or uncertain data.