Instructions for Proposers
Note: All instructions without coloured background are generic across all four treatments. Instructions with coloured backgrounds are inserted to specific treatments as marked.
This is an allocation game between a proposer and a responder. You have been randomly assigned the role of the PROPOSER.In this game you will be matched to a responder. You may call him or her X. You will not get to know who X is. Likewise X will not get to know who you are. All participants will only be known by their ID number and not by their personal identities.
When you have read and understood the above information, click “continue”.
A sum of $10 has been allocated to the two of you.
You will first propose a division of the $10 between the two of you and your offer will be sent to X. Before X sees your offer, X has to decide, of all the possible offers that you may make, which offers he or she will accept or reject. X’s decision will then be matched against your proposed offer.
If he or she rejects the offer, neither of you gets anything. If he or she chooses to accept the offer, X and you will receive the proposed division.
You will not be told which offers X will accept or reject before you make your proposed offer. You will only be informed of the outcome of your proposed division at the end of the session.
<Instruction inserted for the No-Voice Treatment only>
Some of the responders in the computer lab have been randomly selected to convey to their matched proposers what they think should be thedivision and the reason why their opinions should be adopted by the proposers.
The responder you are matched to is NOT selected to convey to you his or her desired division and the reason behind his or her proposed division.
When you have understood the above instructions, click “continue”.
If you would like to read the previous instructions again, click “back”.
<Instruction inserted for the Voice Treatment only>
Some of the responders in the computer lab have been randomly selected to convey to their matched proposers what they think should be thedivision and the reason why their opinions should be adopted by the proposers.
Your partner, X, is randomly selected to convey his or her opinion to you.
In the next screen, you will see X’s proposed division and the reason for his or her proposal. You may choose to consider or not consider his or her opinions. After you have seen his or her opinion, you will proceed to make your proposed division.
When you have understood the above instructions, click “continue”.
If you would like to read the previous instructions again, click “back”.
<Instruction inserted for the Voice Treatment only>
X proposes the following division of $10:
You get ______and X gets ______.
X’s reason why you should consider his or her opinion: ______
Click “continue” when you are ready to make your offer.
<Instruction inserted for the Voice-to-Experimenter Treatment only>
Some of the responders in the computer lab have been randomly selected to convey to their matched proposers what they think should be thedivision and the reason why their opinions should be adopted by the proposers.
Your partner, X, is NOT selected to convey his or her opinion to you.
When you have understood the above instructions, click “continue”.
If you would like to read the previous instructions again, click “back”.
You propose the following division of $10:
You get ______and X gets ______.
Please click “submit” to send your proposed division to responder X.
Please wait while your proposed division is matched against the responder’s minimum acceptable offer.
Your proposed division has been matched against the responder’s minimum acceptable offer. Before you see the outcome of the game and your payoff, please answer some questions regarding the allocation game you have just completed and yourself. If you are ready to proceed, please click continue.
How fair do you think is the procedure used to decide the divisions of SG$20 that was allocated to you and the proposer?
Very Unfair
□ / Unfair
□ / Moderately Unfair
□ / Neutral
□ / Moderately Fair
□ / Very Fair
□
Gender ______
School (e.g. HSS, SCI, ADM, EEE etc) ______
Major ______
Year of Study (1,2,3 or 4) ______
Nationality ______
After you have entered the above information, please click “continue” to see your payoff.
The responder’s minimum acceptable offer is higher/lower than your proposed division. Therefore, your offer has been accepted/rejected.
You get ___ and the responder gets ____.
With the show up fee of $4, you will receive _____ for participating in this game.
Thank you for your participation.
Instructions forResponders
This is an allocation game between a proposer and a responder. You have been randomly assigned the role of the RESPONDER.You will be matched to a proposer in the other computer lab. You may call him or her X. You will not get to know who X is. Likewise X will not get to know who you are. All participants will only be known by their ID number and not by their personal identities.
When you have read and understood the above information, click “continue”.
A sum of $20 has been allocated to the two of you.
X will propose a division of the $20 between the two of you. You have to decide if you are willing to accept the division.
If you reject the offer, neither of you gets anything. If you accept the offer, X and you will receive the proposed division.
For example, suppose that X proposes an offer of $y for you and X receives $20-y. If you accept the offer, you will receive $y and X will receive $20-y. If you reject the offer, you will receive $0 and X will receive $0.
When you have understood the above instructions, click “continue”.
If you would like to read the previous instructions again, click “back”.
<Instruction inserted for the No-Voice Treatment only>
Some of the recipients in the computer lab have been randomly selected to convey to their matched proposers what they think should be thedivision and the reason why their opinions should be adopted by the proposers.
You, however, are NOT among these selected recipients.
When you have understood the above instructions, click “continue”.
If you would like to read the previous instructions again, click “back”.
Instruction inserted for the Voice Treatment only>
Some of the recipients in the computer lab have been randomly selected to convey to their matched proposers what they think should be thedivision and the reason why their opinions should be adopted by the proposers.
You have been selected to express your opinion to the proposer.
When you continue to the next screen, please enter your proposed division between the two of you and a brief reason why your opinion should be adopted by X. Your opinion will be viewed by X for his or her consideration but your opinion may or may not be adopted.
When you have understood the above instructions, click “continue”.
If you would like to read the previous instructions again, click “back”.
Instruction inserted for the Voice Treatment only>
You propose the following division of $20:
You get ______and X gets ______.
The reason why X should consider your opinion: ______
Your opinion will be viewed by the proposer before he or she proposes an offer.
After you have entered your opinions, click “continue”.
Instruction inserted for the Voice-to-Experimenter Treatment only>
Some of the recipients in the computer lab have been randomly selected to convey to their matched proposers what they think should be thedivision and the reason why their opinions should be adopted by the proposers.
You are NOT selected to express your opinion to the proposer.
However, we would still like to know your views on the division and your reason. When you continue to the next screen, please enter the division which you would have proposed to X if you were selected to do so, and a brief reason why your opinion should be adopted by X. Your opinion will NOT be sent to or viewed by X.
When you have understood the above instructions, click “continue”.
If you would like to read the previous instructions again, click “back”.
Before you see X’s proposed division, you have to decide which offers you will accept and which offers you will reject out of all possible offer between $0 to $20that can be made by X.
Your decision will then be matched against X’s proposed division.
If X proposes $y, and you have indicated that you will accept $y, you will receive $y and X will receive $20-y. If you have indicated that you will reject $y, you will receive $0 and X will receive $0.
You will not be able to revise your decision after you see X’s proposed division.
When you have understood the above instructions, click “continue”.
If you would like to read the previous instructions again, click “back”.
You have to make a decision regarding each of the following possible division.
For each division listed below, imagine that that is the offer that X proposed to you. Please select whether you would accept or reject each offer.
Bottom of Form
X’s offer: / Your Decision
You get $0, X gets $20 / Accept or Reject
You get $1, X gets $19 / Accept or Reject
You get $2, X gets $18 / Accept or Reject
You get $3, X gets $17 / Accept or Reject
You get $4, X gets $16 / Accept or Reject
You get $5, X gets $15 / Accept or Reject
You get $6, X gets $14 / Accept or Reject
You get $7, X gets $13 / Accept or Reject
You get $8, X gets $12 / Accept or Reject
You get $9, X gets $11 / Accept or Reject
You get $10, X gets $10 / Accept or Reject
You get $11, X gets $9 / Accept or Reject
You get $12, X gets $8 / Accept or Reject
You get $13, X gets $7 / Accept or Reject
You get $14, X gets $6 / Accept or Reject
You get $15, X gets $5 / Accept or Reject
You get $16, X gets $4 / Accept or Reject
You get $17, X gets $3 / Accept or Reject
You get $18, X gets $2 / Accept or Reject
You get $19, X gets $1 / Accept or Reject
You get $20, X gets $0 / Accept or Reject
Your choices in the above table indicate that the minimum offer that you are willing to accept is ______. Note that once you have made your decision and see X’s proposed division your decision will be binding and you will not be able to revise it anymore.
When you have made your decisions, click "continue".
Please wait while your decision is matched against the proposer’s offer.
Your minimum acceptable offer has been matched against the proposer’s offer. Before you see the proposer’s offer and your payoff, please answer some questions regarding the allocation game you have just completed and yourself. If you are ready to proceed, please click continue.
How fair do you think is the procedure used to decide the divisions of SG$20 that was allocated to you and the proposer?
Very Unfair
□ / Unfair
□ / Moderately Unfair
□ / Neutral
□ / Moderately Fair
□ / Very Fair
□
Gender ______
School (e.g. HSS, SCI, ADM, EEE etc) ______
Major ______
Year of Study (1,2,3 or 4) ______
Nationality ______
After you have entered the above information, please click “continue” to see the proposer’s offer and your payoff.
X has proposed the following division of $20:
You get SG__, X gets SG___.
The minimum acceptable offer you are willing to accept is:___
The offer made by X is larger/smaller than the minimum acceptable offer you stated in the table, which implies that you accept/reject the offer.
Consequently, you will receive ___ and X will receive ____.
With the show up fee of ___, you will receive____ for participating in this game.
Thank you for your participation.