2017 Gopher Invitational

Rocks and Minerals

Names: ______Score: ______/125

Team name and number: ______

Station 1 (8 points)

1. Identify the following minerals. (1 point each)

A. ______B. ______C. ______

2. Organize the minerals from softest to hardest on the Moh’s hardness scale (using A, B, and C or the mineral names both work). (1 point each)

______

(Softest)(Hardest)

3. What is the specific variety of sample B? (1 point)

______

4. How can you tell samples A and C apart? Name a quality that you could test at this station right now. One is sufficient. (1 point)

Station 2 (10 points)

1. Identify the following minerals. (1 point each)

A. ______B. ______C. ______

D. ______E. ______

2. Name the ore for each of the minerals in question 1. If one of these is not an ore mineral, leave it blank. (1 point each)

A. ______B. ______C. ______

D. ______E. ______

Station 3 (10 points)

1. Identify the following rocks. (1 point each)

A. ______B. ______C. ______

D. ______E. ______

2. Organize the rocks in order from lowest metamorphic grade to highest (using A, B, C, etc or the rock names both work). (1 point each)

______

(Lowest grade) (Highest grade)

Station 4 (6 points)

1. Identify the following rocks. (1 point each)

A. ______B. ______

C. ______D. ______

2. Between samples A and B, which one contains sediments that were transported for a longer distance? How can you tell? (2 points)

Station 5 (6 points)

1. Identify each of the following minerals. (1 point each)

A. ______B. ______C. ______

2. What is the chemical difference between samples B and A? (2 points)

Station 5 (Continued)

3. Sample B has many long, parallel lines across its surface. What are these lines called? (1 point)

Station 6 (9 points)

1. Identify the following. (1 point each)

A. ______B. ______C. ______

2. Organize the rocks from lowest to highest metamorphic grade (using A, B, and C or the mineral names both work). (1 point each)

______

(Lowest grade) (Highest grade)

3. What is the precursor to sample C? (1 point each)

4. Are these rocks, minerals, or neither and why? (2 points)

Station 7 (5 points)

1. Identify the following rocks. (1 point each)

A. ______B. ______C. ______

2. Which two rocks have the same chemical composition? (Using A, B, and C or the rock names both work). (2 points)

Station 8 (7 points)

1. Identify the following rocks. (1 point each)

A. ______B. ______

C. ______D. ______

2. Which two rocks have the same chemical composition? (Using A, B, C, and D or the rock names both work). (2 points)

3. What happens when you put sample D in water? (1 point) Tiebreaker 2

Station 9 (8 points)

1. Identify each of the following minerals. (1 point each)

A. ______B. ______C. ______D. ______

2. Organize them from highest temperature of formation to lowest. (1 point each)

______

(Highest temperature)(Lowest temperature)

Station 10 (6 points)

1. Identify the following minerals. (1 point each)

A. ______B. ______C. ______

2. What are the gemstone names of samples B and C? (1 point each)

B. ______C. ______

3. What is the specific variety name for sample A? (1 point)

Matching (20 points)

Write in the corresponding mineral for each of the following characteristics. Some minerals may be used more than once, or not at all. (1 point each)

Minerals: Apatite, Barite, Bornite, Calcite, Celestite, Lepidolite, Olivine, Staurolite, Tremolite, Ulexite

TV rock
August birthstone
Ore of strontium
Peacock ore
Used to form asbestos
Source of lithium
Main component of bone
Used as an antacid
Forms crosses
Eaten before x-rays

Write in the corresponding crystal system for each of the following minerals. Some minerals may be used more than once, or not at all. (1 point each)

Crystal systems: Triclinic, Monoclinic, Orthorhombic, Tetragonal, Hexagonal, Isometric

Galena
Biotite
Kaolinite
Sodalite
Corundum
Malachite
Aragonite
Chalcopyrite
Gold
Sulfur

Multiple Choice (10 points-1 point each)

  1. What does an increase of 1 on the Moh’s hardness scale mean?
  1. It means the mineral can withstand 10 times as much pressure.
  2. It means the mineral can withstand 1 kPa more pressure.
  3. Each point corresponds to a fraction of the hardness of diamond (the hardest mineral on the scale), i.e. a 6 is 60% as hard as diamond.
  4. Each point corresponds to hardness compared to talc (the softest mineral on the list), i.e. a 6 is 6 times as hard as talc.
  5. It is an arbitrary scale. An increase of 1 does not provide any information other than that the mineral is harder.
  1. Which of these index minerals indicates the highest metamorphic grade?
  1. Muscovite
  2. Chlorite
  3. Staurolite
  4. Garnet
  5. Graphite
  1. When igneous rocks form, they may harden with gas bubbles trapped inside of them. What structure do these gas bubbles create?
  1. Amygdules
  2. Vesicles
  3. Schistosity
  4. Ripple marks
  5. Fracture planes
  1. Which of these samples would NOT react with HCl (hydrochloric acid)?
  1. Limestone
  2. Calcite
  3. Dolostone
  4. Aragonite
  5. Gypsum
  1. Which of these is not a way to tell between slate and shale?
  1. Sound (when hit)
  2. Smell
  3. Fracture
  4. Color
  5. Hardness
  1. Which of these choices correctly matches metamorphic rocks with their parent rock?
  1. Quartzite and Quartz, Gneiss and Marble
  2. Gneiss and Granite, Schist and Phyllite
  3. Phyllite and Slate, Quartzite and Limestone
  4. Anthracite Coal and Bituminous Coal, Dolostone and Dolomite
  5. Marble and Limestone, Phyllite and Sandstone
  1. Which of these has the rocks correctly ordered from lowest to highest silica content?
  1. Andesite, Basalt, Rhyolite
  2. Andesite, Rhyolite, Basalt
  3. Basalt, Andesite, Rhyolite
  4. Basalt, Rhyolite, Andesite
  5. Rhyolite, Andesite, Basalt
  1. Which of the following pairs do not have the same chemical formula?
  1. Amethyst and Citrine
  2. Graphite and Diamond
  3. Calcite and Aragonite
  4. Alabaster and Selenite
  5. Barite and Celestite
  1. Which of the following minerals does not crystallize in the monoclinic crystal system?
  1. Gypsum
  2. Staurolite
  3. Azurite
  4. Aragonite
  5. Orthoclase
  1. Which of the following is NOT true of the mineral sphalerite?
  1. It is a zinc ore
  2. It crystallizes in the hexagonal crystal system
  3. It is also known as ruby jack
  4. It is classified as a sulfide
  5. It has dodecahedral cleavage

Short Answer (20 points)

1. Provide the gem name for each color of corundum (1 point each):

Red:

Blue:

Green:

Black:

White:

2. Identify which of the following are not minerals and explain why: Ice, Halite, Bone, Opal, Calcite. (4 points)

3. Describe the process by which agates form, what gives them different colors, and why they can be naturally found far from where they formed. (6 points)

4. Describe the steps and processes in the rock cycle that could potentially lead a sandstone to turn into a gneiss. (5 points) Tiebreaker 1