1st Semester Review (This is not all-inclusive – it’s just to help you focus!!!!)
Lab safety, proper techniques and uses of microscopes, ALL Labs we have done!!!!
Scientists who made major discoveries and advances in Biology
Scientific Method
Characteristics of Living Things and Basic levels (hierarchy) of Life
Domains of Life
What is biology? Underlying themes/connections of biology
Chemical Basis of Life
Overview of atoms and molecules
Characteristics of Water
4 most important elements to life
Organic compounds, examples, basic structures and functions
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Cell
Cell theory
Cell parts and functions
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
Animal vs. Plant cells
Energy for the cell and cell transport
Exergonic vs endergonic
ATP/ADP and conversions
Laws of Thermodynamics
Enzymes and their functions
Active vs. Passive Transport
Diffusion vs. Osmosis
Hypertonic, Hypotonic, Isotonic and how cells respond to each
Endocytosis (3 types), Exocytosis
Basic structure of cell membrane and importance of proteins in membrane
Cell Respiration
Aerobic vs. Anaerobic
Glycolysis, Kreb’s Cycle, Electron Transport (What, where, why, #ATP produced)
Chemiosmosis
Fermentation (Alcoholic and Lactic Acid)
Basic Equation, Redox Equations
Relationship between Respiration and Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs
Equation
Light and Dark Reactions (electron transport, Calvin Cycle)
Structure of Chloroplast and Mitochondria,
Structure of Leaf
Chromatography
Molecular Biology (DNA/RNA)
Compare and contrast RNA and DNA, scientists involved in discovery, structure, etc.
Replication, Transcription, Translation
Mutations and causes
CSI Lab, Human Genome Project, GMO
Genetic Engineering
Cell Cycles (Mitosis vs. Meiosis)
3 parts of cell cycle and purpose of each
Phases of Mitosis –basic events, purpose of each
Phases of Meiosis- basic events, purpose of each
Cancer
Mutations – Nondisjunction; Chromosomal alterations, Abnormalities (Down’s, Turner’s,etc.)
Genetics
Mendel and his Laws (Law of Segregation and Law of Independent Assortment)
All Genetics Problems- Monohybrid, Dihybrid, Complete Dominance, Non-dominance, Incomplete dominance, Co-dominance, Sex-Linked, Sex-Limited, Sex-Influenced, Pedigrees, Epistasis, Multiple Alleles (Blood types)
Genetic Disorders, Types of Twins (Fraternal, Identical)
GMO’s, Cloning, and Biotechnology – Project, Debate, Activities, CSI Lab, Parts of Ch. 11 and 12
-Why are organisms genetically modified and how?
-What is a clone?
-What are some benefits and problems of GMO’s and cloning?
-What is DNA fingerprinting, and how is it done (CSI lab and Ch. 12)?
-How do scientists use biological laboratory techniques and DNA technology to solve crimes?