NURSING DEPARTMENT
Date / Credits / 3Course Title / Pathophysiology in Nursing Practice / Course Number / NUR 3031
Pre-requisite (s) / None / Co-requisite (s) / None
Hours / 45 theory hours/45 clock hours / Total outside hours / 90 hours
Note: A minimum of 2 hours of outside work is assigned per clock hour.
Place and Time of Class Meeting
Institute of Healthcare Professions
2100 45th Street, Suite A2A
West Palm Beach, Fl. 33407
Online
Name and Contact Information of Instructor
Instructor: Mark Finken
E-mail:
Office Hours:
Campus Telephone: (561) 202-6333
Delivery Method: Online
Book required
(The institution recognizes the use of the textbook in the classroom as part of the educational methodology and strategy applied in diverse materials. The textbook is part of the curriculum and is used to reach the student in an effective manner in the classroom. Every student is expected use the textbook.)
Title: Understanding Pathophysiology, 5th Edition
Author : Huether and McCance
Classroom expectations for students
Attendance Policy
IHP has adopted a revised online attendance policy which requires students to be actively participating in their online course to be considered in attendance.
Students are expected to participate in all required instructional activities in their courses. Online courses are no different in this regard; however, participation must be defined in a different manner.
1. Student “attendance” in an online course is defined as active participation in the course as described in the course syllabus. Instructors in online courses are responsible for providing students with clear instructions for how they are required to participate in the course. Additionally, instructors are responsible for incorporating specific instructional activities within their course and will, at a minimum, have weekly mechanisms for documenting student participation. These mechanisms may include, but are not limited to, participating in a weekly discussion board, submitting/completing assignments in the online platform, or communicating with the instructor.
2. Students aware of necessary absences must inform the professor with as much advance notice as possible in order to make appropriate arrangements.
3. Any student absent 20 percent or more of the online course, i.e., non-participatory during 3 or more weeks of an 11 week term, may receive an F for that course.
4. Any student who has not actively participated in an online class prior to the census date for any given term is considered a "no-show" and will be administratively withdrawn from the class without record. To be counted as actively participating, it is not sufficient to log in and view the course. The student must be submitting work as described in the course syllabus.
5. Additional attendance and participation policies for each course, as defined by the instructor in the course syllabus, are considered a part of the attendance policy
Any questions regarding this policy may be directed to the Director of Education.
NOTE: Plagiarism is defined as the use, without proper acknowledgment, of the ideas, phrases, sentences, or larger units of discourse from another writer or speaker. Plagiarism includes the unauthorized copying of software and the violation of copyright laws. Students who commit plagiarism will obtain a grade of “Failure” on their exam or assignment.
Course Description (must correspond exactly to Catalog description)
The focus of the course is on the pathogenesis of selected diseases leading to alterations of body structure and functions across the lifespan. This is emphasized through case study review discussing and applying cell structure, function, genetic control and its impact on the disease process. The students will integrate and apply pathophysiological concepts to primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions. Alternative and traditional treatment modalities pertinent to common diseases and disorders will be explored.
Learning Objectives
Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to:
1. Compare and contrast prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
2. Identify the eight specialized functions of a cell.
3. Discuss the functions of the principal cytoplasmic organelles.
4. Discuss the plasma membrane addressing both structural and functional aspects.
5. Discuss the importance of the amphipathic properties of the membrane lipid layer.
6. Discuss the importance of plasma membrane proteins.
7. Discuss the functions of cell membrane receptors and principal types of ligands.
8. Discuss the importance and structure of the extracellular matrix.
9. Describe methods and processes of cellular communication and types of signaling.
10. Describe the process of energy generation and utilization by the cell to support cellular function.
11. Describe the role of ATP in the cell.
12. Describe the processes of passive transport, diffusion, hydrostatic pressure, and osmosis.
13. Define mediated active and passive transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis, and give examples of each.
14. Discuss the electrochemical changes in the plasma membrane that result in an action potential.
15. Describe cellular reproduction within the four phases of the cell cycle and the four stages of the M phase.
16. Describe the three ways that cells adhere to each other to form tissues and organs.
17. Name the four basic tissue types.
18. Describe the structure and function of DNA, compared to RNA.
19. Discuss the processes of DNA mutation.
20. Define the processes of transcription, gene splicing, and translation.
21. Describe the differences between somatic cells, gametes, autosomes, and sex chromosomes.
22. Describe the normal karyotype.
23. Discuss the differences between euploid and aneuploid cells.
24. Identify the different mechanisms of mutation and discuss the effect of these mutations on survival.
25. Identify the major chromosomal abnormalities.
26. Differentiate between genotype and phenotype, and give examples of each.
27. Differentiate between autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked recessive inheritance modes.
28. Discuss the concept of pedigrees and how they are useful.
29. Define the terms penetrance and expressivity and give examples of each.
30. Describe sex-limited and sex-linked traits and give an example of each.
31. Discuss the process and significance of gene mapping.
32. Discuss the concept of multifactorial inheritance.
33. Describe the cellular adaptations made in each of the following processes: atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, dysplasia, and metaplasia.
34. Discuss causative factors of each of the above cellular adaptations.
35. Identify the most common cause of cellular injury.
36. Describe the mechanism of cellular injury that can occur as a result of the following causes: hypoxia, free radicals, and reactive oxygen species.
37. Describe cellular injury caused by physical trauma such as blunt force trauma, abrasions, lacerations, and gunshots.
38. Describe cellular injury caused by infection and inflammation.
39. Describe the major mechanism of tissue damage caused by chemical injury.
40. Discuss the importance of alcoholism.
41. Discuss unintentional versus intentional injuries.
42. Discuss the manifestations of cellular injury, including hydropic changes, protein, lipid and carbohydrate alterations, pigment changes, and electrolyte changes.
43. Discuss the manifestations of cellular death, including the four major types of necrosis, and give examples of the tissue types affected by each type of necrosis.
44. Discuss apoptosis.
45. Discuss the cellular mechanisms of normal degenerative changes of aging.
46. Discuss the types of tissue necrosis.
47. Identify the clinical manifestations of somatic death.
48. Discuss the two functional fluid compartments of the body.
49. Discuss the ways water moves between plasma and interstitial fluid.
50. Explain Starling forces.
51. Describe the causation, pathophysiologic process, and clinical manifestations of edema.
52. Discuss the regulatory processes for sodium and water balance in the body, including the role of antidiuretic hormone, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone, and atrial natriuretic hormone.
53. Define hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic alterations in water balance and give an example of each.
54. Identify the basic causes and clinical manifestations of hypernatremia, hyponatremia, hyperchloremia, and hypochloremia.
55. Discuss the causes and clinical manifestations of water deficit.
56. Discuss the causes and clinical manifestations of water excess.
57. Discuss the clinical manifestations and treatments for the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of ADH (SIADH).
58. Discuss the distribution, function, and regulation of potassium in the body.
59. Identify the basic causes and clinical manifestations of hyperkalemia and hypokalemia.
60. Discuss the role of hydrogen ion concentration in cellular function and dysfunction.
61. Describe how the plasma buffering systems help prevent significant fluctuations in pH.
62. Explain how the lungs and the kidneys regulate acid-base balance.
63. Differentiate between respiratory and metabolic acid-base disorders by causes and mechanisms of compensation.
Topical Outline and Schedule
DATE / WEEK 1SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES / At the end of this lesson, the student will be able to:
1. Compare and contrast prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
2. Identify the eight specialized functions of a cell.
3. Discuss the functions of the principal cytoplasmic organelles.
4. Discuss the plasma membrane addressing both structural and functional aspects.
5. Discuss the importance of the amphipathic properties of the membrane lipid layer.
6. Discuss the importance of plasma membrane proteins.
7. Discuss the functions of cell membrane receptors and principal types of ligands.
8. Discuss the importance and structure of the extracellular matrix.
9. Describe methods and processes of cellular communication and types of signaling.
10. Describe the process of energy generation and utilization by the cell to support cellular function.
11. Describe the role of ATP in the cell.
12. Describe the processes of passive transport, diffusion, hydrostatic pressure, and osmosis.
13. Define mediated active and passive transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis, and give examples of each.
14. Discuss the electrochemical changes in the plasma membrane that result in an action potential.
15. Describe cellular reproduction within the four phases of the cell cycle and the four stages of the M phase.
16. Describe the three ways that cells adhere to each other to form tissues and organs.
17. Name the four basic tissue types.
18. Describe the structure and function of DNA, compared to RNA.
19. Discuss the processes of DNA mutation.
20. Define the processes of transcription, gene splicing, and translation.
21. Describe the differences between somatic cells, gametes, autosomes, and sex chromosomes.
22. Describe the normal karyotype.
23. Discuss the differences between euploid and aneuploid cells.
24. Identify the different mechanisms of mutation and discuss the effect of these mutations on survival.
25. Identify the major chromosomal abnormalities.
26. Differentiate between genotype and phenotype, and give examples of each.
27. Differentiate between autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked recessive inheritance modes.
28. Discuss the concept of pedigrees and how they are useful.
29. Define the terms penetrance and expressivity and give examples of each.
30. Describe sex-limited and sex-linked traits and give an example of each.
31. Discuss the process and significance of gene mapping.
32. Discuss the concept of multifactorial inheritance.
33. Describe the cellular adaptations made in each of the following processes: atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, dysplasia, and metaplasia.
34. Discuss causative factors of each of the above cellular adaptations.
35. Identify the most common cause of cellular injury.
36. Describe the mechanism of cellular injury that can occur as a result of the following causes: hypoxia, free radicals, and reactive oxygen species.
37. Describe cellular injury caused by physical trauma such as blunt force trauma, abrasions, lacerations, and gunshots.
38. Describe cellular injury caused by infection and inflammation.
39. Describe the major mechanism of tissue damage caused by chemical injury.
40. Discuss the importance of alcoholism.
41. Discuss unintentional versus intentional injuries.
42. Discuss the manifestations of cellular injury, including hydropic changes, protein, lipid and carbohydrate alterations, pigment changes, and electrolyte changes.
43. Discuss the manifestations of cellular death, including the four major types of necrosis, and give examples of the tissue types affected by each type of necrosis.
44. Discuss apoptosis.
45. Discuss the cellular mechanisms of normal degenerative changes of aging.
46. Discuss the types of tissue necrosis.
47. Identify the clinical manifestations of somatic death.
48. Discuss the two functional fluid compartments of the body.
49. Discuss the ways water moves between plasma and interstitial fluid.
50. Explain Starling forces.
51. Describe the causation, pathophysiologic process, and clinical manifestations of edema.
52. Discuss the regulatory processes for sodium and water balance in the body, including the role of antidiuretic hormone, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone, and atrial natriuretic hormone.
53. Define hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic alterations in water balance and give an example of each.
54. Identify the basic causes and clinical manifestations of hypernatremia, hyponatremia, hyperchloremia, and hypochloremia.
55. Discuss the causes and clinical manifestations of water deficit.
56. Discuss the causes and clinical manifestations of water excess.
57. Discuss the clinical manifestations and treatments for the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of ADH (SIADH).
58. Discuss the distribution, function, and regulation of potassium in the body.
59. Identify the basic causes and clinical manifestations of hyperkalemia and hypokalemia.
60. Discuss the role of hydrogen ion concentration in cellular function and dysfunction.
61. Describe how the plasma buffering systems help prevent significant fluctuations in pH.
62. Explain how the lungs and the kidneys regulate acid-base balance.
63. Differentiate between respiratory and metabolic acid-base disorders by causes and mechanisms of compensation.
TOPIC (S) / Cellular Biology
Genes and Genetic Diseases
Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology
Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases
LEARNING ACTIVITIES / READING ASSIGNMENTS:
Chapters 1-4
VIEW
Online Lesson Presentations
OUTSIDE WORK & ASSIGNED READINGS / DISCUSSION
Discussion of Syllabus
Discussion topic
· Cellular Communication, how do cells communicate anyway?
· Discuss the structure and function of DNA, compared to RNA.
ASSIGNMENT
Review the Syllabus
Read assignments
Post discussion
Case study/Research Paper
ASSESSMENTS
· Quiz 1-4
Homework:
Read:
· Chapters 5-8
DATE / WEEK 2
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES / At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
1. Identify innate immunity versus adaptive immunity.