APES Review for Final

Semester A

Directions: Answer the questions below using complete sentences.

  1. Give examples of each: primary producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, decomposers
  1. What happens as you move up a food chain?
  1. How is water added into groundwater? The ocean? How is water removed from the ocean? From plants?
  1. Calculate the population density of an area with 2000 crows in a space of 20 square kilometers.
  1. How do populations change in size?
  1. What is the doubling time of a population if the growth is 4 %?
  1. Compare and contrast the pyramid, rectangular, and inverted age pyramids. How are each of these made?
  1. Why do minorities have high birth rates?
  1. Draw the demographic transition curve. What does this graph represent? What are the 4 stages? What happens in each stage?
  1. How are density dependent factors different from density independent factors? Give examples of each.
  1. Why are estuaries important communities?
  1. What are the two things that can destroy an aquifer? Describe each.
  1. Where does Los Angeles receive its water from? Where does the majority come from?
  1. Where is the Ogallala aquifer? Why is it important? Who is polluting it?
  1. List the pros and cons of placing a dam in a river. How do salmon travel upstream to mate?
  1. How can the United States increase its freshwater supplies?
  1. Describe the steps to eutrophication. Why does this event occur?
  1. How is chlorine used in water treatment? Why is this harmful? What can be used as a substitute for chlorine in water treatment?
  1. What tools are used in primary treatment? What tools are used in secondary treatment? How do the two steps differ?
  1. What does the Clean Water Act of 1974 mandate? What does the Safe Drinking Water Act mandate?
  1. What are the 3 fossil fuels? Why are they called fossil fues?
  1. How is photochemical smog formed?
  1. How is tropospheric ozone formed?
  1. Where do you find ozone? How is it formed in the tropo? In the Strato?
  1. What are the layers in between the layers of the atmosphere called ? Give 2 examples.
  1. What are sources of methane in the atmosphere?
  2. What are sources of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
  1. What are the sources of nitrous oxide into the atmosphere?
  1. What are the sources of sulfur oxides into the atmosphere?
  1. Contrast primary and secondary air pollutants. Give examples of each.
  1. What are the 3 ways acid rain is formed? How do those emissions get into the air?
  1. What does acid rain do to the environment?
  1. How do people receive radon gas into their homes?
  1. What is asbestos? What was it used in? What can it do to your lungs?
  1. Describe a thermal/temperature inversion.
  1. Describe the structure of a CFC. How do CFCs break down ozone?
  1. What are the effects from global warming?
  1. Why is photochemical smog a big problem here in Los Angeles during the spring and summer?
  1. Why is acid rain a huge problem in the Eastern United States?
  1. How can we reduce carbon dioxide emissions?
  1. Why are ice cores studied for global warming?
  1. What are all of the greenhouse gases?