Dr. StrongOMHS

Zoology: 1st 9 weeks Benchmark Exam Study Guide

Benchmark exams are required of all core academic courses. The score on your benchmark test counts 10% of your overall grade each quarter. The results of these tests therefore affect your semester average and your overall GPA!!!

Section 1-What is Zoology?

  • Know the definition of zoology, anatomy, cytology, ecology, embryology, genetics, histology, molecular biology, parasitology, physiology, and systematic (pg. 3)
  • Describe the differences between the following terms: organism, population, species, community,

ecosystem, and biosphere.

  • Know the types of animals found in the following phyla: Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes,

Nematoda, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, Chordata

Section 2 – Organization of animal organisms

● Know these cell organelles – cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, vacuole, mitochondria

● Know the structural hierarchy in a multicellular organism – from atoms to organism (diagram pg. 10)

● List the 11 body systems that function in higher order animals.

● Know the following vocabulary terms and know how to apply them to an example or a diagram of an animal organism - dorsal, ventral, anterior, endoskeleton, exoskeleton, posterior, bilateral symmetry, radial symmetry, asymmetry, prokaryote, eukaryote, phylogeny

Section 3 – Scientific Method

● Be able to distinguish between the terms accuracy, precision, fact, myth, hypothesis, theory, and scientific law. Know examples of each.

● Know the ordered steps of the scientific method.

● Know the definition of different experimental design factors such as qualitative obs., quantitative obs.,

independent variable, dependent variable, control variable, trials, and control group. Be able to identify

these factors in an example experiment.

● Be familiar with basic rules for laboratory safety and procedures.

Section 4 – Evolution

1.) Describe the following terms: Organic evolution, Natural Selection, Artificial Selection, Adaptation, Phylogeny, Common Descent.

2.) Know the contributions of Charles Darwin. Describe the experiences that helped him develop his ideas on evolution.

6.) Explain and give examples of the following types of scientific evidence that support the Theory of Evolution –

a) fossils –

b) vestigial structures –

c) homologous structures –

d) molecular biology –

9.) Know the five major geological eras are listed oldest to youngest. Briefly describe the life forms found in each.

a) Archean –

b) Proterozoic –

c) Paleozoic –

d) Mesozoic –

e) Cenozoic -

Section 5 – Read the following situations below and identify the 5 points of Darwin’s natural selection:

There are 2 types of worms: worms that eat at night (nocturnal) and worms that eat during the day (diurnal). The birds eat during the day and seem to be eating ONLY the diurnal worms. The nocturnal worms are in their burrows during this time. Each spring when the worms reproduce, they have about 500 babies but only 100 of these 500 ever become old enough to reproduce.

a. What worm has natural selection selected AGAINST? ______FOR? ______

Darwin's 5 points: Identify these 5 points in the scenario above.

Population has variations. ______

Some variations are favorable. ______

More offspring are produced than survive.______

Those that survive have favorable traits. ______

A population will change over time. ______

Section 6:

● Describe the 2-word system of taxonomy ( binomial nomenclature) that Linnaeus invented to identify species.

● Know the taxa in order from largest to smallest

Kingdom…..Group of related phyla

Phylum……. “ “ classes

Class………. “ “ orders

Order……… ” “ families

Family…….. “ “ genera

Genus……... “ “ species

Species…….the most specific organism identifier

Examples – Bobcat and a Lynx :

Kingdom – AnimaliaAnimalia

Phylum – chordatachordata

Class – mammaliamammalia

Order – carnivoracarnivora

Family – felidaefelidae

Genus – LynxLynx

Species – rufuscanadensis

**Know the kingdoms. Use the table below to characterize the 6 kingdoms. List 5 examples from each kingdom.

KINGDOM

/

CHARACTERISTICS

/

EXAMPLES

Animalia

Plantae

Fungi

Protista

Archeabacteria

Eubacteria