Accepted by Department Council02.02.2017
SYLLABUS
Lectures and laboratory seminars in Cytology, Histology and Embryology, Іst year Dental Medicine – summer term2016/2017
Week / Laboratory seminars - 2h / Lectures - 2 h
Prof. P. Atanassova, MD, PhD
І week
06-10.02
2017
ІІ week
13 -17.02 / Cytoplasm. Cell organelles.
Microscopical preparations:
1. Nissl substance (granules)
2. Mitochondria
3. Golgi complex
Еlectron microphotographs:
1.Rough endoplasmatic reticulum
2.Smooth endoplasmatic reticulum
3.Ribosomes
4.Мitochondria
5.Golgi complex
6.Centrosome
Nucleus in interphase. Mitosis.
Microscopical preparations:
1.Nucleus in interphase
1.1H-E staining
1.2Feulgen staining
2. Mitosis in cells of pea radix
Еlectron microphotographs:
1. Interphase nucleus / Introduction to Cytology, Histology and Embryology.
The cell.
Generalorganelles- structural, ultrastructuralandfunctionalcharacteristics.
1. Еndoplasmatic reticulum
2. Мitochondria
3. Golgi complex
4. Lysosomes
Specialized organelles - structural, ultrastructuralandfunctionalcharacteristics.
Nucleus in interphase and mitosis.
1. Interphasenucleus - structural, ultrastructuralandfunctionalcharacteristics.
2.Mitosis – phases
ІІІ week
20-24.02 / Plasmalema. Cell inclusions.
Cytophysiology.
Microscopical preparations:
1. Lipid drops
2. Glycogen granules in hepatic cells
3. Phagocytosis
4. Secretion (secretory granules)
5. Mooving of cillia – demonstration
Еlectron microphotographs:
1. Cell membrane
2. Microvilli
3. Basal foldings
4. Desmosomes
5. Interdigitations
6. Protein granules
7. Glycogen granules
8. Lipid drops
9. Lysosomes
10. Secretory granules
11. Cilia – longitudinal and transverse section / The cell.
Cell membrane (plasmalema).
Intercellular contacts.
ІV week
27.02-03.03 / Epithelia. Unilayered epithelia.
Microscopical preparations:
1. Simple squamous epithelium
1.1.Н-Е staining
2. Simple cuboidalepithelium
3. Simple columnarepithelium
4. Unilayered (pseudostratified) ciliatedcolumnarepithelium
5. Henle’s epithelium / Cytoskeleton.
Structural, ultrastructural and functional characteristics.
Cell inclusions.
V week
06-10.03 / Colloquium
(preliminary examination)
1. Practicalpart–
5 microscopical preparations
5 -electron microphotographs20 points
2.Тheoretical part– MCQ test
30 points
50 pointstotal
Exemption:80% /16p. + 24 p./ / Cytophysiology.
Metabolism. Phagocytosis, Synthesis, secretion, moving.
VІ week
13-17.03 / Epithelia.
Multistratifiedepithelia. Secretory epithelia.
Microscopical preparations:
  1. Stratified squamous epithelium
  2. Stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium
  3. Secretoryepithelia
3.1. Simple tubular glands
3.2. Serous, mucous and compound alveolar (acinar) glands / Tissues – classification, properties.
Epithelia.
Unilayered epithelia
Multistratified epithelia
  1. Histogenesis
  2. General characteristics
  3. Classification

VІІ week
20-24.03 / Fibrous connective tissue.
Microscopical preparations:
1. Loose connective tissue
2. Collagenousfibroustissue
3. Elastic tissue
4. White adipose tissue
4.1. Sudan III staining
4.2. H-E staining
Еlectron microphotographs:
1. Multilocular adipocyte
2. Macrophage
3. Fibroblast
4. Mast cell
5. Plasma cell
6. Collagen fibers / Connective tissue.
1. Histogenesis
2.General characteristics
1.Classification
2.Cells.
3.Intercellular substance
VІІІ week
27-31.03 / Connective tissue with solid intercellular substance.
Microscopical preparations:
  1. Hyalinecartilage
  2. Elastic cartilage
  3. Compact bone – decalcinated
  4. Compact bone – Shliff
Еlectron microphotographs:
  1. Оsteocyte
  2. Оsteoclast
/ Fibrous connective tissue
Connective tissue with solid intercellular substance.
1. Cartilage
2. The bone tissue
IХ week
03-07.04 / MCQ test – 30 p. andpractical test–10 p. (8+2) on Epithelial and Connective tissues.
Total score – 40 p. / Blood tissue.
  1. Histogenesis
  2. General characteristics
  1. Classification
  2. Cells
4.1.Еrythrocytes
4.2.Leucocytes
4.3.Platelets
X week
10 – 17.04 / EASTER HOLIDAY
ХIweek
18-21.04 / Blood tissue.
Microscopical preparations:
1. Blood smear - examination
Еlectron microphotographs:
  1. Neutrophil granulocyte
  2. Еоsinophil granulocyte
  3. Lymphocyte
  4. Plateles
/ Мuscle tissue.
1. Histogenesis
2. General characteristics
3. Classification
4. Cells
5. Myofibers, myofibrils
ХІI week
24-28.04 / Мuscle tissue.
Microscopical preparations:
1. Smooth (visceral) muscle tissue
2. Striatedskeletalmuscletissue
3. Striatedcardiac muscletissue
4. Impulseconductivecardiac muscletissue
Еlectron microphotographs:
1. Smooth muscle cell
2. Myofibril – skeletal
3. Cardiomyocyte – myofibril
4. Intercalated disc / Nerve tissue.
1.Histogenesis
2.General characteristics
3.Classification
4.Cells – neurons, neuroglia
5. Nerve fibers
6. Myoneural synapse
ХІIIweek
01 - 05.05 / Nerve tissue.
Microscopical preparations:
  1. Мultipolar neurons
  2. Pear-like neurons
  3. Pyramidal neurons
  4. Myelinated nerve fibers
Еlectron microphotographs:
  1. Myelinated nerve fiber
  2. Myoneural synapse
/ Reproductive tissue.
1. Histogenesis
2. General characteristics
3. Structural, ultrastructural and functional characteristics.
3.1. Oocytes
3.2. Spermatozoa.
XIV week
08.05 – 12.05 / Reproductive tissue.
Microscopical preparations:
  1. Oocyte
  2. Spermatozoa
Еlectronmicrophotographs:
1. Oocyte
2. Spermatozoon
General embryology. Gastrulation.
1. Early gastrulation / Earlyhuman embryonaldevelopment.
Fertilization
Clivage
Blastocyst
Implantation
Gastrulation
Primitive organs
ХV week
15 - 19.05 / MCQ tеst40 p. andpractical test -10p. (6+4)onblood, muscleandnervetissues.
Totalscore- 50 p. / Extra-embryonic layers.
Chorion, amnion, yolksack, alantoic diverticulum, umbilical cord, fetal sack,
placenta.
ХVIweek
22-26.05 / General embryology. Gastrulation.
1. Late grastrulation
Extra-embryonic layers
Microscopical preparations:
1. Umbilical cord of newborn baby
2. Placenta
3. Fetal sack / Twins. Anomalies in the human embryonal development.

Term tests:

1.Cytology Colloquium – 50 points

2.Test on epithelial and connective tissues – 40 points

3. Test on blood, muscle and nerve tissues – 50 points

Total score points for the semester – 140

Evaluation

132 – 140 p. – 6,00 100 – 107 p. – 4,00

126 – 131 p. – 5,50 92 – 99 p. – 3,50

116 – 125 p. – 5,00 84 – 91 p. – 3,00

108 – 115 p. – 4,50 84 p. – 2,00

Textbooks

1.Basic Histology, I.C. Janqueira

2.Textbook of Human Histology, I. Singh

3.Human embryology, Inderbir Singh, Sixth edition

4.Clinical and Functional Histology for Medical Students, Richard S. Snell

5.Histology, R. Henrikson

6.Histology – A Text and Atlas, M. Ross, Sixth edition

7.Practicum Cytology, Histology and Embryology with CD, P. Atanassova, I. Koeva, E. Petrova, N. Penkova, V. Trichkova

8.Handbook in Cytology, Histology and Embryology, I. Koeva

DISCHARGE

Cytology Colloquium:

-80% (16p. from practical part and 24p. from theoretical test) - students discharge the Cytology section (practical and theoretical) during the Cytology, Histology and Embryology exam.

Total score points from both tests in Histology:

-80% (16p. from practical and 56p. from theoretical tests) - students discharge the practical exam in Histology.

Total score points (Cytology + Histology points):

-90% (126 p. or more) - students discharge the practical exam and MCQ's test in Cytology, Histology and Embryology.

PreparedbyDr.A. Fusova Approved by Prof. P. Atanassova, MD, PhD