Accepted by Department council
SYLLABUS
Lectures and laboratory seminars in Cytology, Histology and Embryology, Іst year Dental medicine – 1st semester 2014/2015
Weeks / Laboratory seminars - 2h / Lectures - 2 h
Prof. P.Atanassova, PhD
І week
15.09 - 19.09.2014
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ІІ week
22.09–26.09.2014 / The cell – morphology.
General Methods of Investigation in Histology.
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Cytoplasma. Cell organelles.
Microscopical preparations:
1. Nissl substance (granules)
2. Mitochondria
3. Golgi complex
Еlectron microphotographs:
1.Rough endoplasmatic reticulum
2.Smooth endoplasmatic reticulum
3.Ribosomes
4.Мitochondria
5.Golgi complex
6.Centrosome / The cell
Cell membrane (plasmalema)
Intercellular contacts.
Cell organelles - Еndoplasmatic reticulum,
Ribosomes.
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Cytoplasm. Cell orgenelles.
1.Generalorganelles- structural, ultrastructuralandfunctionalcharacteristics.
1.1 Мitochondria
1.2 Golgi complex
1.3 Lysosomes
Nucleus.Interphasenucleus-structural, ultrastructuralandfunctionalcharacteristics.
ІІІ week
29.09 – 03.10.2014 / Nucleus in interphase. Mitosis.
Microscopical preparations:
1.Nucleus in interphase
1.1H-E staining
1.2Feulgen staining
  1. Mitosis in cells of pea radix
Еlectron microphotographs:
1. Interphase nucleus / Tissues – classification, properties.
Epithelia.
Unilayered epithelia
Multistratified epithelia
1.Histogenesis
2. General characteristics
3. Classification
ІV week
06.10 - 10.10.2014 / Cell inclusions.
Cytophysiology.
Microscopical preparations:
1.Lipid drops
2.Glycogengranules inhepatic cells
3. Phagocytosis
4. Secretion (secretory granules)
Еlectron microphotographs:
1. Lipid drops
2. Glycogen granules
3. Lysosomes
4. Secretory granules
5. The cell membrane
6. Microvilli
7. Desmosomes
8. Interdigitations
9. Cilia- longitudinal and transverse section / Connective tissue.
  1. Histogenesis
  2. General characteristics
  3. Classification
  4. Cells
  5. Intercellular substance
Fibrous connective tissue
Connective tissue with solid intercellular substance.
1. Cartilage
2. The bone tissue
V week
13.10 – 17.10.2014 / Epithelia. Unilayered epithelia
Microscopical preparations:
1. Simple squamous epithelium
2. Simple cuboidalepithelium
3. Simple columnarepithelium
4. Unilayered (pseudostratified) ciliatedcolumnarepithelium
5. Henle’s epithelium –demonstration / Blood tissue.
1. Histogenesis
2. General characteristics
  1. Classification
  2. Cells
4.1Еrythrocytes
4.2Leucocytes
4.3Platelets
Мuscle tissue.
1.Histogenesis
2.General characteristics
3. Classification
VІ week
20.10 - 24.10.2014 / Colloquium
(preliminary examination)
1. Practicalpart–
5 microscopical preparations
5 electron microphotographs
20 points
2.Тheoretical part– test
30 points
50 pointstotal
Discharge: 70% /14 p.+ 21p./
80% /16p. + 24p. / / Nerve tissue.
1.Histogenesis
2.General characteristics
3.Classification
4.Cells – neurons, neuroglia
Reproductive tissue
1.Histogenesis
2.General characteristics
3.Classification
4.Cells
4.1. Oocytes
4.2. Spermatozoa
VІІ week
27.10 – 31.10.2014 / Epithelia.
Multistratifiedepithelia. Secretory epithelia.
Microscopical preparations:
  1. Stratified squamous epithelium
  2. Stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium
  3. Secretoryepithelia
3.1.Simple tubular glands
3.2.Serous, mucous and compound alveolar (acinar) glands / General embryology.
Earlyhuman embryonaldevelopment.
Fertilization
Clivage
Blastocyst
Implantation
Gastrulation
Primitive organs
Extra-embryonic layers
  1. Chorion, amnion, yolksack, alantoic diverticulum
  2. Umbilical cord
  3. Fetal sack
  4. Placenta

VІІІ week
03.11 – 07.11.2014 / Fibrous connective tissue
Microscopical preparations:
1.Loose connective tissue
2.Collagenousfibroustissue
3.Ellastic tissue
4.White adipose tissue.
4.1. Sudan III staining
4.2. H-E staining
Еlectron microphotographs:
1. Multilocular adipocyte
2. Fibroblast
3. Mast cell
4. Plasma cell
5. Macrophage
6. Collagen fibers
ІХ week
10.11 - 14.11.2014 / Connective tissue with solid intercellular substance.
Microscopical preparations:
  1. Hyalinecartilage
  2. Elastic cartilage
  3. Compact bone – decalcinated
  4. Compact bone – Shliff
Еlectron microphotographs:
  1. Оsteocyte
  2. Оsteoclast

Х week
17.11 – 21.11.2014 / Blood tissue.
Microscopical preparations:
  1. Blood smear - examination
Еlectron microphotographs:
  1. Neutrophil granulocyte
  2. Еоsinophil granulocyte
  3. Lymphocyte
  4. Platelets
Test–30p.andpreparations -10p. (8+2) on Epithelial and Connective tissues.
Total score - 40p.
ХІ week
24.11.-28.11.2013 / Мuscle tissue.
Microscopical preparations:
  1. Smooth (visceral) muscle tissue
  2. StriatedSkeletalmuscletissue
  3. StriatedCardiac muscletissue
  4. Impulseconductivecardiac muscletissue
Еlectron microphotographs:
1. Smooth muscle cell
2. Myofibril – skeletal
3. Cardiomyocyte -myofibril
ХІІ week
01.12 - 05.12.2014 / Nerve tissue.
Microscopical preparations:
  1. Мultipolar neurons
  2. Pear-like neurons
  3. Pyramidal neurons
4. Myelinatednervefibers
Еlectronmicrophotographs:
  1. Myelinatednervefiber
  2. Myoneural synapse

ХІІІ week
08.12 - 12.12.2014 / Reproductive tissue.
Microscopical preparations:
  1. Oocyte
  2. Spermatozoa
Еlectronmicrophotographs:
1. Oocyte
2. Spermatozoon
General embryology. Gastrulation.
1. Early gastrulation
Теst-40 p. andpreparations -10 p.(6+4) onBlood, MuscleandNervetissues.Totalscore- 50 p.
ХІV week
15.12 - 19.12.2014 / General embryology. Gastrulation.
1. Late grastrulation
Extra-embryonic layers
Microscopical preparations:
1. Umbilical cord of newborn baby
2. Placenta
ХV week
22.12 - 23.12.2014 / General embryology.Review.

1.Colloquium in Cytology – 50 points

2.Test on epithelial and connective tissues – 40 points

3. Test on blood, muscle and nerve tissues – 50 points

Total score points for the semester– 140

132 – 140 p. – 6,00

126 – 131 p. – 5,50

116 – 125 p. – 5,00

108 – 115 p. – 4,50

100 – 107 p. – 4,00

92 – 99 p. – 3,50

84 – 91 p. - 3,00

< 84 p. – 2,00

Textbooks

  1. Basic Histology, I.C. Janqueira
  2. Textbook of Human Histology, I. Singh
  3. Human embryology, Inderbir Singh, Sixth edition
  4. Clinical and Functional Histology for Medical Students, Richard S. Snell
  5. Histology, R. Henrikson
  6. Histology – A Text and Atlas, M. Ross, Sixth edition
  7. Practicum of Cytology, Histology and Embryology with CD, P. Atanassova, I. Koeva, E. Petrova, N. Penkova, V. Trichkova
  8. Handbook in cytology, histology and embryology, Prof. I. Koeva

Discharge:

Colloquium(preliminary examination) – 70% (14p. from practical part and 21p. from theoretical test), students discharge practical part (microscopical preparations)of Cytology during the final exam on Cytology, Histology and Embryology.

Colloquium(preliminary examination) – 80% (16p. from practical part and 24p. from theoretical test), students discharge the Cytology section (practical and theoretical) during the final exam on Cytology, Histology and Embryology.

90% from the total score points for the semester ( > 126p.), students discharge practical and theoretical testduring the final exam on Cytology, Histology and Embryology.Students write one question from Common Histology.

MadebyProf. P. Atanassova, PhD