Supplementary Data

Removal of trimethylamine (fishy odor) by C3 and CAM plants

Phattara Boraphech, Paitip Thiravetyan

School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand

Table 4S Summarize metabolic compounds found in leaves and roots of S. trifasciata under non-treatment (control) and TMA treatment conditions
Metabolic compounds / %
Similarity / %
of total / Metabolic compounds / %
Similarity / %
of total
12 h : Control (non-treatment) / 12 h of TMA Treatment
Leaves / Leaves
3-Methyl-2,5-furandione / 91 / 54.0 / 3-Methyl-2,5-furandione / 91 / 21.5
3,5-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-one / 90 / 14.9 / 3,5-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-one / 90 / 7.6
2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran / 90 / 19.0 / 2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran / 83 / 7.7
n-Hexadecanoic acid / 91 / 12.2 / 2-Betenoic acid / 78 / 9.5
2-Furancarboxaldehyde / 86 / 13.1
(Z)-9-Octadecenamide / 98 / 16.4
n-Hexadecanoic acid / 91 / 0.8
2-Propanone / 74 / 6.6
Ethylamine / 47 / 0.7
3-Methyl-2-butanamine / 82 / 2.8
2-Amino-2-oxo-acetic acid / 64 / 2.1
1H-Imidazole-5-carboxamide / 53 / 1.4
Butanamide / 64 / 2.0
Hexadecanamide / 86 / 1.8
5-Methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione (Thymine) / 53 / 5.9
Roots / Roots
3-Methyl-2,5-furandione / 81 / 37.7 / 1,3-Dihydroxyacetone / 78 / 13.9
3,5-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-one / 90 / 15.8 / 3-Methyl-2,5-furandione / 87 / 7.1
4-Vinylphenol / 80 / 8.3 / 3,5-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-one / 87 / 4.9
2-Furancarboxaldehyde / 95 / 32.0 / 4-Vinylphenol / 94 / 1.4
n-Hexadecanoic acid / 95 / 6.1 / 2-Furancarboxaldehyde / 95 / 4.3
n-Hexadecanoic acid / 99 / 3.9
1,3-O-Methylenepentitol / 60 / 6.6
Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ol / 53 / 0.8
Octadecanoic acid / 97 / 2.4
Ethylamine / 87 / 0.7
N-acetylalanine / 73 / 1.9
3-Methylquinoline / 89 / 1.7
2-Amino-3-hydroxybenzoic acid / 55 / 1.0
guanine / 53 / 34.7
Cytidine / 50 / 14.7
24 h : Control (non-treatment) / 24 h of TMA Treatment
Leaves / Leaves
3-Methyl-2,5-furandione / 91 / 16.2 / 3-Methyl-2,5-furandione / 91 / 13.7
4-Vinylphenol / 90 / 3.6 / 3,5-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-one / 91 / 2.4
2-Betenoic acid / 70 / 9.5 / 2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran / 90 / 3.7
(Z)-9-Octadecenamide / 99 / 70.7 / 2-Betenoic acid / 58 / 2.6
2-Furancarboxaldehyde / 60 / 15.6
(Z)-9-Octadecenamide / 99 / 18.6
n-Hexadecanoic acid / 81 / 0.8
Glyceraldehyde / 53 / 1.2
Dihydroxyacetone / 78 / 10.8
Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-ol / 58 / 0.9
2-Furylmethanol / 78 / 1.5
Methylamine / 98 / 20.1
Ethylamine / 58 / 0.6
3,3-Dimethylbutylamine / 53 / 1.0
Pentanamide / 72 / 0.2
Hexadecanamide / 90 / 0.2
2-Formylhistamine / 83 / 3.8
Cytidine / 50 / 2.0
Roots / Roots
3-Methyl-2,5-furandione / 91 / 11.1 / 1,3-Dihydroxyacetone / 99 / 2.7
Benzoic acids / 59 / 10.0 / 3-Methyl-2,5-furandione / 87 / 7.7
2-Furancarboxaldehyde / 91 / 2.7 / 3,5-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-one / 81 / 8.4
(Z)-9-Octadecenamide / 99 / 55.1 / 4-Vinylphenol / 64 / 1.8
2H-Pyran-3(6H)-one / 53 / 12.5 / 2-Furancarboxaldehyde / 93 / 9.5
Hexadecanamide / 90 / 8.6 / n-Hexadecanoic acid / 93 / 0.9
(Z)-9-Octadecenamide / 98 / 18.7
Formaldehyde / 87 / 14.0
Glyceraldehyde / 64 / 3.5
2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran / 68 / 1.1
Ethane / 93 / 7.4
Dimethylamine / 94 / 7.4
Ethylamine / 79 / 0.5
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine / 89 / 2.3
2-Nitro-1,4-benzenediamine / 91 / 1.1
Tetradecanamide / 86 / 2.7
2,3-Dihydroxanthosine / 89 / 3.5
guanine / 88 / 7.0
36 h : Control (non-treatment) / 36 h of TMA Treatment
Leaves / Leaves
3-Methyl-2,5-furandione / 91 / 38.9 / 3-Methyl-2,5-furandione / 91 / 5.3
4-Vinylphenol / 78 / 10.7 / 2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran / 80 / 2.4
2-Furancarboxaldehyde / 60 / 34.4 / 2-Betenoic acid / 95 / 2.6
Butanoic acid / 87 / 16.0 / 1-Amino-2-propanol / 89 / 7.6
N-(4-Nitrophenyl)-L-alaninamide / 96 / 0.8
Guanine / 93 / 14.7
Cytidine / 93 / 66.7
Roots / Roots
1,3-Dihydroxyacetone / 64 / 32.6 / 1,2-Dihydropyrimidine / 89 / 15.9
3-Methyl-2,5-furandione / 76 / 14.1 / 2-phenyl-n-methylindole / 91 / 84.1
Benzoic acids / 47 / 17.9
3,5-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-one / 87 / 10.4
4-Vinylphenol / 59 / 2.5
2-Furancarboxaldehyde / 70 / 9.1
n-Hexadecanoic acid / 96 / 4.2
Malonic acid / 38 / 4.3
2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol / 91 / 2.7
Phenol / 41 / 2.4
48 h : Control (non-treatment) / 48 h of TMA Treatment
Leaves / Leaves
3-Methyl-2,5-furandione / 93 / 80.0 / 3-Methyl-2,5-furandione / 91 / 22.9
2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran / 81 / 20.0 / 3,5-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-one / 87 / 8.6
4-Vinylphenol / 90 / 9.0
2-Furancarboxaldehyde / 84 / 14.9
n-Hexadecanoic acid / 95 / 1.6
Dihydroxyacetone / 99 / 2.7
2-Furylmethanol / 90 / 2.0
2-Octylguanidine / 97 / 26.1
Guanine / 80 / 12.2
Roots / Roots
1,3-Dihydroxyacetone / 72 / 14.6 / 1,3-Dihydroxyacetone / 64 / 12.2
3-Methyl-2,5-furandione / 87 / 40.2 / 3-Methyl-2,5-furandione / 91 / 8.5
3,5-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-one / 91 / 17.4 / Benzoic acids / 59 / 16.6
4-Vinylphenol / 72 / 5.3 / 3,5-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-one / 93 / 4.2
2-Furancarboxaldehyde / 91 / 16.2 / 4-Vinylphenol / 72 / 1.2
n-Hexadecanoic acid / 92 / 4.7 / 2-Furancarboxaldehyde / 92 / 5.4
4-methylbenzaldehyde / 58 / 1.6 / n-Hexadecanoic acid / 95 / 2.0
Glyceraldehyde / 89 / 2.2
Methylamine / 97 / 1.9
Dimethylamine / 88 / 2.1
guanine / 84 / 43.7
Table 5S Summarize metabolic compounds found in stems of P. indicus under non-treatment (control) and TMA treatment conditions
Metabolic compounds / % Similarity / %
of total / Metabolic compounds / % Similarity / %
of total
24 h : Control (non-treatment) / 24 h of TMA treatment
2-Cyclohexen-1-one / 91 / 3.0 / 2-Cyclohexen-1-one / 91 / 0.8
2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol / 90 / 4.0 / 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol / 87 / 3.2
(Z)-9-Octadecenamide / 99 / 16.1 / (Z)-9-Octadecenamide / 93 / 8.8
Benzofuran / 87 / 5.5 / Benzofuran / 87 / 3.2
2-Ethylacridine / 97 / 0.2 / 3-Methylenedihydro-2,5-furandione / 87 / 2.7
3-Methylenedihydro-2,5-furandione / 91 / 5.0 / [2,7]Naphthyridine-1,3,6,8-tetraol / 91 / 4.9
Octadecanamide / 87 / 2.2 / N-methyl-1-Octadecanamine / 96 / 4.9
Tetradecanamide / 89 / 2.9 / 3-Methyl-3,5-(cyanoethyl)tetrahydro-4-thiopyranone / 85 / 14.2
11-Tricosene / 95 / 2.8 / 7-Nonenamide / 72 / 2.0
2-Butenoic acid / 87 / 43.1 / 3,3-dimethyl-4-(1-aminoethyl)-Azetidin-2-one / 99 / 1.6
2-Nonenoic acid / 92 / 1.9 / Cyclohexane / 79 / 0.4
Benzeneacetaldehyde / 87 / 0.5 / Benzofurazan / 87 / 12.2
Butanal, dimethylhydrazone / 53 / 0.9 / Hexadecanoic acid / 92 / 10.4
Cycloserine / 88 / 1.9 / N-Isopropyl-3-phenylpropanamide / 89 / 0.6
Formic acid / 98 / 0.5 / Nonadecanamide / 78 / 10.1
n-Hexadecanoic acid / 95 / 8.3 / 2-ethyltetrahydrothiophene / 88 / 20.1
Z-10-Octadecen-1-ol acetate / 81 / 1.2
48 h : Control (non-treatment) / 48 h of TMA treatment
2-Cyclohexen-1-one / 91 / 33.5 / 2-Cyclohexen-1-one / 91 / 1.6
3-Methylenedihydro-2,5-furandione / 53 / 6.9 / 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol / 91 / 7.4
1-Methyl-cyclopentanol / 60 / 6.7 / (Z)-9-Octadecenamide / 96 / 13.2
Benzeneacetaldehyde / 92 / 11.2 / Benzofuran / 87 / 5.9
Dodecylcyclohexane / 94 / 5.4 / Tetradecanamide / 80 / 23.8
Hexadecanamide / 87 / 20.1 / Dimethylamine / 99 / 4.3
(Z)-9-Octadecenamide / 91 / 16.4 / 3,5-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-one / 84 / 0.1
4-Methyl-1,3-oxazole-5-carboxamide / 95 / 1.1
Acridine / 86 / 0.5
Ethane / 95 / 0.1
l-4-Hydroxy-1-methylproline / 59 / 31.3
Propanal, dimethylhydrazone / 96 / 10.7
72 h : Control (non-treatment) / 72 h of TMA treatment
2-Cyclohexen-1-one / 91 / 6.2 / 2-Cyclohexen-1-one / 91 / 0.8
3-Methylenedihydro-2,5-furandione / 83 / 3.5 / 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol / 95 / 2.8
1-Methyl-cyclopentanol / 52 / 2.5 / (Z)-9-Octadecenamide / 98 / 23.5
2-methyl-6-Hepten-1-ol / 96 / 3.5 / Benzofuran / 78 / 2.8
Dodecylcyclohexane / 91 / 3.8 / 2-Ethylacridine / 87 / 6.4
Hexadecanamide / 90 / 23.7 / Tetradecanamide / 80 / 10.0
(Z)-9-Octadecenamide / 99 / 56.8 / Dimethylamine / 92 / 0.1
n-Hexadecanoic acid / 97 / 1.8
2-Formylhistamine / 88 / 0.5
2-Propenoic acid / 86 / 4.5
4-Hydroxy-2-methylproline / 98 / 10.3
Cyclotetradecane / 76 / 16.7
Dodecahydropyrido[1,2-b]isoquinolin-6-one / 42 / 2.2
Ethylamine / 99 / 0.4
Hexadecanamide / 91 / 16.2
N-(2-Acetylcyclopentylidene)cyclohexylamine / 87 / 1.2

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Corresponding author; Tel. 66-2-470-7535, Fax: 66-2-452-3455.

E-mail address: (P. Thiravetyan).