Biochemistry Notes

Water

•______of water:

–Neutral

–Polar: water molecules are attracted to other ______molecules due to opposite charges

•Ex: ______droplets

–______: Same substances are attracted (water is attracted to water)

–Adhesion: ______substances are attracted (water is attracted to something else)

•Ex: Water droplets on your ______

–______: Water is not always pure

Biochemistry

•Carbon compounds= ______compounds

–Large molecules (______) that are formed by small molecules (______)

–Water is removed to join monomers to make polymers-______

•De-without hydra=water synthesis= to make

•4 groups of organic compounds

1. ______

2. Lipids

3. Proteins

4. ______

Carbohydrates

•Contain Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen in a ______ratio

•Main source of ______in the body

•Immediate ______-breakdown sugars.

–Sugar that is stored is ______(complex carbohydrate)

•3 types of carbohydrates

1. Monosaccharide: ______sugar

2. ______: double sugar

3. Polysaccharide: ______sugars

Monosaccharide

•______mono=one

•Glucose= ______sugar

•Fructose= fruit sugar

•Galactose=dairy sugar

•All ______isomers

–______: Have the same empirical formula but different structural formulas

Disaccharide

•______di=double

•Sucrose =______sugar

•Lactose= milk sugar

•Maltose=(malt sugar

•All ______isomers

Polysaccharides

•______sugarspoly=many

•(C6H10O5)n n=______

•Starches: Storage products of ______

•Glycogen: Animal starch. Used for ______

•Cellulose: In the ______of plants

–Serves as roughage (fiber)

Lipids

•Contain ______, H, O in a greater than ______ratio

-Lots of ______stored here!

•Stores ______effectively (large number of C to H bonds)

•Makes up ______, and waterproof coverings

-Are ______(scared of H2O)

•Common lipids include- fats, ______, waxes and steroids

•Building Blocks of Lipids

-______and fatty ______

-______+ 3 fatty acids fat + ______

Proteins

•Contain ______,H, O, ______

•Control the rate of ______, regulates ______processes

•Building blocks (monomers) ______

  • ______different amino acids

•Bonds that hold proteins together are called ______bonds

•Two amino acids bonding- ______

•More than two amino acids bonding-polypeptide

–poly= many

How amino acids bond: ______+Amino acid+Amino acid ______+H2O

Enzymes

  • Proteins that act a ______to speed up or slow down chemical reactions that take place in cells
  • Lower ______energy
  • The amount of energy needed to start the ______
  • Very specific- may act on one kind of chemical reaction (Lock and ______hypothesis)
  • Enzyme Substrate Complex= ______needed to provide a site where ______can be brought together to react
  • “______and ______” model
  • Enzyme and substrate fit together until the reaction is ______
  • When the reaction is over, the products of the reaction is ______and the enzyme is free to start the process all over again.

Nucleic Acids

  • Contain C, ____, O, ____, P
  • Controls the ______(creation) of proteins
  • Store and transmits ______information
  • Monomers are ______
  • DNA: ______acid
  • Controls ______traits
  • RNA: ______acid
  • Helps make ______