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Chemistry: A Molecular Approach (Tro)
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Chapter 1
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Matter, Measurement, and Problem Solving
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1)
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Dalton's Atomic Theory states
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A)
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that all elements have several isotopes.
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B)
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that matter is composed of small indestructible particles.
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C)
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that the properties of matter are determined by the properties of atoms.
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D)
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that energy is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction.
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E)
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that an atom is predominantly empty space.
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Answer:
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B
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2)
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The statement, "In a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed." is called
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A)
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The Law of Conservation of Mass
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B)
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Dalton's Atomic Theory
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C)
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The Scientific Method
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D)
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The Law of Multiple Proportions
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E)
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The Law of Definite Proportions
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Answer:
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A
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3)
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Which of the following represents a hypothesis?
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A)
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Sodium reacts with water to form sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
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B)
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Nitrogen gas is a fairly inert substance.
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C)
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Nickel has a silvery sheen.
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D)
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When a substance combusts, it combines with air.
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E)
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When wood burns, heat is given off.
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Answer:
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D
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4)
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Which of the following represent a valid hypothesis?
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A)
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Neon does not react with oxygen.
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B)
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Sodium metal reacts violently with water.
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C)
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Lead is soft and malleable.
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D)
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Oxygen is a gas at room temperature.
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E)
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Metals tend to lose electrons.
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Answer:
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E
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5)
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Choose the pure substance from the list below.
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A)
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sea water
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B)
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sugar
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C)
1
air
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D)
1
lemonade
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E)
1
milk
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Answer:
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B
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6)
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Choose the pure substance from the list below.
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A)
1
tea
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B)
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a casserole
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C)
1
carbon monoxide
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D)
1
sugar water
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E)
1
pomegranate juice
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Answer:
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C
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7)
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Choose the heterogeneous mixture from the list below.
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A)
1
gatorade
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B)
1
chlorine gas
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C)
1
black coffee
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D)
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chicken noodle soup
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E)
1
carbon (graphite)
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Answer:
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D
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8)
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Choose the homogeneous mixture from the list below.
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A)
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kool-aid
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B)
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mud
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C)
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ice water
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D)
1
salad dressing
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E)
1
salsa
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Answer:
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A
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9)
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Choose the homogeneous mixture from the list below.
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A)
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soda (pop)
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B)
1
air
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C)
1
concrete
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D)
1
trail mix
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E)
1
blood
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Answer:
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B
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10)
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Molecules can be described as
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A)
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a mixture of two or more pure substances.
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B)
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a mixture of two or more elements that has a specific ratio between components.
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C)
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two or more atoms joined together in a specific geometric arrangement.
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D)
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a heterogeneous mixture
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E)
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a homogeneous mixture
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Answer:
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C
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11)
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The Scientific Method
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A)
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is just a theory.
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B)
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is a strict set of rules and procedures that lead to inarguable fact.
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C)
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isn't used much in modern chemistry.
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D)
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is based on continued observation and experiment.
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E)
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is a framework for proving an argument you know to be true.
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Answer:
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D
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12)
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Which of the following statements is TRUE?
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A)
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A scientific law is fact.
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B)
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Once a theory is constructed, it is considered fact.
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C)
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A hypothesis is speculation that is difficult to test.
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D)
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An observation explains why nature does something.
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E)
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A scientific law summarizes a series of related observations.
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Answer:
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E
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13)
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Which of the following statements about crystalline and amorphous solids is TRUE?
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A)
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A crystalline solid is composed of atoms or molecules arranged with long-range repeating order.
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B)
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An example of a crystalline solid is glass.
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C)
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An example of an amorphous solid is table salt (NaCl).
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D)
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An amorphous solid is composed of atoms or molecules with a majority of its volume empty.
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E)
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All of the above statements are TRUE.
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Answer:
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A
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14)
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Which of the following statements about the phases of matter is TRUE?
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A)
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In both solids and liquids, the atoms or molecules pack closely to one another.
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B)
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Solids are highly compressible.
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C)
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Gaseous substances have long-range repeating order.
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D)
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There is only one type of geometric arrangement that the atoms or molecules in any solid can adopt.
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E)
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Liquids have a large portion of empty volume between molecules.
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Answer:
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A
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15)
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A substance that can't be chemically broken down into simpler substances is considered
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A)
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a homogeneous mixture.
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B)
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an element.
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C)
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a heterogeneous mixture.
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D)
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a compound.
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E)
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an electron.
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Answer:
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B
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16)
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A substance composed of 2 or more elements in a fixed, definite proportion is considered
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A)
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a homogeneous mixture.
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B)
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a heterogeneous mixture.
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C)
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a compound.
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D)
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a solution.
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E)
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an alloy.
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Answer:
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C
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17)
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Two or more substances in variable proportions, where the composition is constant throughout are considered
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A)
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a compound.
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B)
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an element.
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C)
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a heterogeneous mixture.
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D)
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a homogeneous mixture.
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E)
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a crystalline solid.
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Answer:
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D
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18)
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Two or more substances in variable proportions, where the composition is variable throughout are considered
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A)
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a solution.
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B)
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a homogeneous mixture.
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C)
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a compound.
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D)
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an amorphous solid..
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E)
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a heterogeneous mixture.
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Answer:
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E
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19)
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Which of the following are examples of physical change?
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A)
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sugar is dissolved in water.
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B)
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coffee is brewed.
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C)
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dry ice sublimes.
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D)
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ice (solid water) melts.
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E)
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All of these are examples of physical change.
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Answer:
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E
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20)
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Which of the following are examples of physical change?
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A)
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dew forms on a blade of grass
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B)
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a halloween light stick glows after shaking
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C)
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an egg solidifies during cooking
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D)
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a hydrogen balloon explodes when contacted with a flame
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E)
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None of the above are physical changes.
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Answer:
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A
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21)
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Which of the following are examples of a chemical change?
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A)
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Copper building materials develop a green patina over time.
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B)
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a match burns
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C)
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ethanol evaporates
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D)
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Both a and b are examples of chemical change.
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E)
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All of the above are examples of chemical change.
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Answer:
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D
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22)
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Which of the following are examples of a chemical change?
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A)
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coffee brewing
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B)
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water boiling
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C)
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leaves turning color in the fall
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D)
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salt dissolves in water
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E)
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None of the above are chemical changes.
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Answer:
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C
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23)
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A physical change
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A)
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occurs when iron rusts.
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B)
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occurs when sugar is heated into caramel.
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C)
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occurs when glucose is converted into energy within your cells.
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D)
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occurs when sand is filtered from salt water.
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E)
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occurs when propane is burned for heat.
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Answer:
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D
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24)
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A chemical change
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A)
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occurs when methane gas is burned.
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B)
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occurs when paper is shredded.
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C)
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occurs when water is vaporized.
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D)
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occurs when salt is dissolved in water.
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E)
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occurs when kool-aid is stirred into water.
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Answer:
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A
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25)
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Which of the following represents a physical property?
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A)
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Sodium metal is extremely reactive with chlorine gas.
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B)
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Mercury is a silver liquid at room temperature.
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C)
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the tendency of aluminum to "rust"
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D)
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the flammability of butane fuel
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E)
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the unreactive nature of argon gas
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Answer:
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B
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26)
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Which of the following represents a chemical property of hydrogen gas?
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A)
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It is gaseous at room temperature.
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B)
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It is less dense than air.
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C)
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It reacts explosively with oxygen.
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D)
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It is colorless.
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E)
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It is tasteless.
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Answer:
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C
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27)
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Read the water level with the correct number of significant figures.
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A)
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5 mL
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B)
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5.4 mL
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C)
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5.42 mL
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D)
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5.420 mL
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E)
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5.4200 mL
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Answer:
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B
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28)
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Read the temperature with the correct number of significant figures.
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A)
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87°C
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B)
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87.2°C
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C)
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87.24°C
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D)
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87.240°C
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E)
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87.2400°C
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Answer:
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C
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29)
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Read the length of the metal bar with the correct number of significant figures.
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A)
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20 cm
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B)
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15 cm
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C)
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15.1 cm
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D)
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15.10 cm
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E)
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15.100 cm
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Answer:
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C
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30)
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Read the length of the metal bar with the correct number of significant figures.
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A)
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20 cm
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B)
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15 cm
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C)
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15.1 cm
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D)
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15.10 cm
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E)
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15.100 cm
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Answer:
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D
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31)
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How many significant figures are in 1009.630 mL?
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A)
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3
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B)
1
4
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C)
1
5
1
D)
1
6
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E)
1
7
1
Answer:
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E
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32)
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How many significant figures are in 3.408 x 104 m?
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A)
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3
1
B)
1
4
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C)
1
5
1
D)
1
7
1
E)
1
8
1
Answer:
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B
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33)
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How many significant figures are in the measurement, 463.090 m?
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A)
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2
1
B)
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3
1
C)
1
4
1
D)
1
5
1
E)
1
6
1
Answer:
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E
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34)
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How many significant figures are in the measurement, 0.0005890 g?
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A)
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4
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B)
1
5
1
C)
1
6
1
D)
1
7
1
E)
1
8
1
Answer:
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A
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35)
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What answer should be reported, with the correct number of significant figures, for the following calculation? (433.621 - 333.9) × 11.900
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A)
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1.19 × 103
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B)
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1.187 × 103
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C)
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1.1868 × 103
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D)
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1.18680 × 103
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E)
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1.186799 × 103
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Answer:
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A
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36)
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What answer should be reported, with the correct number of significant figures, for the following calculation? (249.362 + 41) / 63.498
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A)
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4.6
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B)
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4.57
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C)
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4.573
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D)
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4.5728
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E)
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4.57277
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Answer:
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B
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37)
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What answer should be reported, with the correct number of significant figures, for the following calculation? (965.43 × 3.911) + 9413.4136
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A)
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13189
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B)
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13189.2
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C)
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1.32 × 104
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D)
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1.3 × 104
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E)
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1.319 × 104
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Answer:
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A
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38)
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A student performs an experiment to determine the density of a sugar solution. She obtains the following results: 4.11 g/mL, 4.81 g/mL, 4.95 g/mL, 3.75 g/mL. If the actual value for the density of the sugar solution is 4.75 g/mL, which statement below best describes her results?
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A)
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Her results are precise, but not accurate.
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B)
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Her results are accurate, but not precise.
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C)
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Her results are both precise and accurate
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D)
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Her results are neither precise nor accurate.
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E)
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It isn't possible to determine with the information given.
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Answer:
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D
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39)
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A student performs an experiment to determine the density of a sugar solution. She obtains the following results: 4.71 g/mL, 4.73 g/mL, 4.67 g/mL, 4.69 g/mL. If the actual value for the density of the sugar solution is 4.40 g/mL, which statement below best describes her results?
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A)
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Her results are precise, but not accurate.
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B)
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Her results are accurate, but not precise.
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C)
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Her results are both precise and accurate
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D)
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Her results are neither precise nor accurate.
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E)
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It isn't possible to determine with the information given.
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Answer:
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A
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40)
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If an object has a density of 8.65 g/cm3, what is its density in units of kg/m3?
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A)
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8.65 × 10-3 kg/m3
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B)
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8.65 × 10-7 kg/m3
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C)
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8.65 × 103 kg/m3
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D)
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8.65 × 101 kg/m3
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E)
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8.65 × 10-1 kg/m3
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Answer:
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C
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41)
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Determine the density of an object that has a mass of 149.8 g and displaces 12.1 mL of water when placed in a graduated cylinder.