Curriculum Vitae

Peter Daniel MacIntyre

Personal Information

Born: O'Leary, Prince Edward Island.

Marital Status: Married.

Children: Valerie and Robert.

Home Address: 51 Fourth Street, Glace Bay, Nova Scotia B1A 4H3.

University Address:Department of Behavioural and Life Sciences, UniversityCollege of CapeBretonSydney, Nova Scotia, Canada B1P 6L2

E-Mail Address:

Office Phone: (902) 563-1315. Fax: (902) 563-1246.

Home Phone: (902) 849-7935.

Post Secondary Education

Baccalaureate

UniversityCollege of CapeBreton, Sydney, Nova Scotia.

Bachelor of Arts Community Studies, conferred June, 1985.

Masters

University of WesternOntario, London, Ontario.

Master of Arts, conferred June, 1988.

Thesis Title:

"The effect of anxiety on foreign language learning and production."

Doctorate

University of WesternOntario, London, Ontario.

Ph.D. conferred October, 1992.

Dissertation Title:

"Anxiety and language learning from a stages of processing perspective."

Post Doctorate

Awarded a SSHRC Post Doctoral Fellowship for the study of specific anxiety effects

on cognitive processes involved with second language learning among adults.

School of Psychology, University of Ottawa

Academic Appointment

Associate Professor, Psychology 1997 – present (tenured, 1997)

Assistant Professor, Psychology 1994 - 1996

Curriculum Vitae - Peter Daniel MacIntyre1

Awards

Research Grants and Scholarships

  • Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) Research Grant, principal investigator, 2004-2007 ($64,000).
  • Canadian Volunteerism Initiative, Knowledge Development Centre, Canadian Centre for Philanthropy Research Grant, principal investigator, 2004 ($45,000).
  • Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) Research Grant, co-investigator, 2003-2006 ($86,000).
  • Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) Research Grant, principal investigator, 1999-2002 ($97,000).
  • Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) Research Grant, principal investigator, 1995-1999 ($75,000).
  • Secretary of State, Multiculturalism Directorate Research Grant, 1994-1995 ($12,000)
  • Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) Post Doctoral Fellowship, 1992 -1994 ($56,000).
  • Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada Doctoral Fellowships, 1989 - 1992 ($36,000).
  • Internal CIHR capacity building grant ($5200), Glace Bay Genuine Progress Index
  • Internal CIHR capacity building grant ($7708), Ergonomic and source credibility factors regarding web sites, co-investigator with principle investigator, Dr. Geoff Carre.
  • University College of CapeBreton Research Grants
  • 2003 ($2000), Ergonomic and source credibility factors associated with health-information web sites and its impace on information processing – part II, co-investigator with principle investigator, Dr. Geoff Carre.
  • 2003 ($5000), Reporting community-level health indicators: The Glace Bay GPI project.
  • 2002 ($3100), with G. Carre Principle Investigator, data-base driven internet data acquisition tool.
  • 1994 ($3,200), Cognitive processing of stereotypes.
  • Ontario Graduate Scholarships 1988, 1989, 1991 ($21,000).
  • University of Western Ontario Special Universities Scholarships, 1986 - 1988 ($4,000).

Awards

  • Gardner Award for contribution to the field of second language learning, awarded by the International Association for Language and Social Psychology, 2004.
  • Father Paul Abbass Award for service to students, awarded by the UCCB Students’ Union, 2002.
  • Inaugural Alumni Award for Teaching Excellence at UCCB, 1999.
  • Mildenberger Prize for distinguished publication in the field of language education by the Modern Language Association, 1998.
  • Canadian Psychological Association Award for Promising Young Psychologist, 1996
  • University of Ottawa Academic Development Fund, Research Grant 1994 ($1,500).
  • University of Ottawa Academic Development Fund, Travel Grant 1994 ($1,000).
  • University of WesternOntario Graduate Research Award 1991 ($3,500).
  • First prize in Social Science division at Society of Graduate Students and Faculty of Graduate Studies Research Forum, October 1989.
  • Dr. Mary A. Lynch Award for Proficiency in Speech Communication.
  • The UniversityCollege of CapeBreton Award for Proficiency in Psychology.
  • Atlantic Association of Sociologists and Anthropologists award for best undergraduate essay presented at the annual conference, 1985.
  • UniversityCollege of CapeBreton Scholarships, 1982-1986.

Memberships and Positions

Regional-National-International

Symposium organizer for International Conference on Language and Social Psychology, PennState, 2004.

Glace Bay GPI Research Society, Founding President, 2003.

APICS – Psychology committee chair (Atlantic region) 2001 – 2004.

APICS Board of Directors, 2003- present.

Member, “Income and Health Advisory Committee” for GPI Atlantic

Co-Chair, Data Access Guidelines Committee for GPI Atlantic Glace Bay project.

Humanities and Social Science Federation of Canada, UCCB Representative, 2001 - present.

SSHRC National Research Grants Adjudication Committee for Psychology 1996, 1997.

Secretary/Treasurer, Canadian Psychological Association Section for International and Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2001-2002.

Chair, Canadian Psychological Association Section for International and Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1999-2000.

Conference co-organizer for the 1999 Social Psychology Pre-Conference to the Canadian Psychological Association Annual Conference, Halifax, N.S. May 1999.

Symposium organizer for International Conference on Language and Social Psychology, Ottawa 1997.

Editorial Board, Guest Member, Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science 1996.

Abstract reviewer for Canadian Psychological Association 1998 Conference.

UCCB representative to Atlantic Provinces Council on the Sciences (Psychology) 1997 - present.

Department Chair representative for the Canadian Council of Departments of Psychology 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2001.

Canadian Psychological Association, 1988 - present.

Member International and Cross-cultural section.

Section chair, 1999-2000.

World Communication Association, 1993 - 1995.

Member of the Centre for Research and Teaching of Languages, University of Ottawa 1992-1996.

Reviewer for: Language Learning, Modern Language Journal, Journal of Language and Social Psychology, Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, Canadian Modern Language Review, Journal of Multilingual & Multicultural Development, Studies in Second Language Acquisition, System, and other journals.

University

UCCB Board of Governor’s committee on governance.

UCCB ESL program review committee (2003-2004).

Hiring committee for the Dean of Research (2003).

UCCB Alumni Association, faculty representative to the committee adjudicating the Award for Teaching Excellence (2003).

President’s ad hoc committee on enhancing UCCB scholarship endowment (2003).

President’s task force on the MacLean’s rankings (2003)

Liberated Learning Project (2001)

Hiring committee for Dean of Research and Library Services (2001)

Faculty Association of University Teachers (FAUT) Executive (2001 – present)

Chief Negotiator (2001 – present)

Committee on part time positions

Grievance officer

Chair, Grievance Committee (2003 – present)

UCCB Budget Advisory Committee, 1998 – 2002.

Academic Council, UniversityCollege of CapeBreton, 1996 – 2002, 2004.

Academic Council Planning and Priorities Committee 1997 – 2002, 2004.

Committee chair 1998-2001, 2004.

Chair Academic Planning, 2001

Academic Council Standing Committee on Teaching and Learning, 1999-2002.

Chaired the committee on an interim basis

Academic Council Ad Hoc Committee on Teaching, 1998-99

This committee developed the original proposal for the UCCB Teaching & Learning Centre.

Academic Council Standing Committee on Research and Development Policy 1996-1997.

Academic Council Ad Hoc Committee on B.Sc.C.S. Mawi wsitquamu’kewaq

UCCB Alumni Teaching Award Development Committee 1998.

External representative to the School of Arts and Letters, UCCB 1998-1999.

Enhanced Studies Program Committee 1996 - present.

Enhanced Studies Program Development Committee 1996.

Enhanced Studies Course Coordinator (EH 299), 1999-2000

Enhanced Studies Course Coordinator (EH 199), 2000

Selection Committee for the Dean of Graduate Studies, University of Western Ontario, 1992.

Editor-in-Chief, Western Journal of Graduate Research, 1990 - 1992.

Executive Supervisor, Graduate Students' Research Forum: A Multidisciplinary Conference of Graduate Student Research, U.W.O., 1991 and 1992.

Vice President (Campus) Society of Graduate Students, University of WesternOntario 1990-1992.

Supervising Editor, The 1991-92 Graduate Handbook.

President, UniversityCollege of CapeBreton Debating Society, 1984 - 1986.

President, UniversityCollege of CapeBreton Honours Society, 1985 - 1986.

Atlantic Association of Sociologists & Anthropologists Student Member 1985 - 1986.

Student Representative to the Committee on Studies, UniversityCollege of CapeBreton, 1984 - 1986.

Departmental

Hiring committee for psychology assistant professor, 1996, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003.

Hiring committee for nutritionist, 2000.

Departmental ad hoc committee on development of writing skills (1999-2000)

Departmental ad hoc committee on computer proficiency requirement in the B.Sc. psychology and biology, 1999.

Chair working group on B.Sc.C.S. -- PHE concentration, 1999.

Developed and authored proposal for the B.Sc.C.S. concentration in “Psychology, Health & Environment,” 1997.

Chair, DOBALS Bachelor of Science Community Studies Proposal Committee (B.Sc.C.S.), 1996.

UCCB Departmental Strategic Planning Committee Member, author of committee’s final report.

Psychology B.A. Honours degree proposal author.

Hiring Committee for Psychology Statistics Lab Instructor 1996-present.

UCCB Departmental Budget Planning Committee Member.

Member, UWO Psychology Department Computing Advisory Committee, 1991 - 1992.

Research Experience

I. Post Doctoral Research Associate

School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 1992 - 1994. Social Science and Humanities Post Doctoral Research Fellowship with Dr. Richard Clément.

II. Research Associate

GIP Atlantic, 2000 – present. Served in an advisory capacity on a large scale research project developing the Genuine Progress Indicator of community health.

Addiction Research Foundation, LondonOntario, 1991 - 1994. Duties include scale development, statistical analyses, and preparation of a manuscript on a large scale study of employee morale and organizational risk factors for addiction.

CapeBreton Transition House and UniversityCollege of CapeBreton, 1986. Duties included

archival research, data analysis, and writing of results for a study of battered women.

Publications: Articles in Refereed Journals

Donovan, L. A. & MacIntyre, P. D. (2005). Age and sex differences in willingness to communicate, communication apprehension, and self-perceived competence. Communication Research Reports, 21, 420-427.

MacIntyre, P. D. & Donovan, L. A. (2004). Desire for control and communication-related personality variables. Psychological Reports, 94, 581-582.

Covin, R., Donovan, L. & MacIntyre, P. D. (2003). The relationship between self-esteem and performance when information regarding others' performance is available. Journal of Social Psychology, 143, 541-544.

MacIntyre, P. D., Baker, S., Clément, R. & Donovan, L. A. (2003). Talking in order to learn: Willingness to communicate and intensive language programs. Canadian Modern Language Review, 59, 589-607.

Clément, R., Baker, S. C., & MacIntyre, P. D. (2003). Willingness to communicate in a second language: The effects of context, norms and vitality. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 22, 190-209.

MacMaster, K., Donovan, L. A., & MacIntyre, P. D. (2002). The Effects of Being Diagnosed with a Learning Disability on Children's Self-Esteem. Child Studies Journal, 52, 101-108.

MacIntyre, P. D., Baker, S., Clément, R. & Donovan, L. (2002). Sex and age effects on willingness to communicate, anxiety, perceived competence, and L2 motivation among junior high school French immersion students. Language Learning, 52, 537-564.

MacIntyre, P. D., Baker, S., Clément, R. & Conrod, S. (2001). Willingness to Communicate, Social Support and Language Learning Orientations of Immersion Students. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 23, 369-388.

Baker, S. & MacIntyre, P. D. (2000). The role of gender and immersion in communication and second language orientations. Language Learning, 50, 311-341.

Coffin, R. & MacIntyre, P. D.(1999). Motivational influences on computer-related affective states. Computers in Human Behavior, 15, 549-569.

MacIntyre, P. D., Babin, P. A., & Clément, R. (1999). Willingness to communicate: Antecedents and consequences. Communication Quarterly, 47, 215-229.

MacDonald, J. D. & MacIntyre, P. D. (1999). A rose is a rose: Effects of label change, education, and sex on attitudes toward mental disabilities. Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 6, 15-31.

Wall, J. M., Covell, K. & MacIntyre, P. D. (1999). Implications of social supports for adolescents’ education and career aspirations. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 31, 63-71.

MacIntyre, P. D., & MacDonald, J. R. (1998). Public speaking anxiety: Perceived competence and audience congeniality. Communication Education, 47, 359-365.

MacIntyre, P. D., Clément, R., Dörnyei, Z., & Noels, K. A. (1998). Conceptualizing willingness to communicate in a L2: A situational model of L2 confidence and affiliation. Modern Language Journal, 82, 545-562.

NOTE: This paper, nominated by the editorial board of the Modern Language Journal, was awarded the K. W. Mildenberger Prize for distinguished publication in the field of language education by the Modern Language Association.

MacIntyre, P. D., Noels, K. A., & Clément, R. (1997). Biases in self-ratings of second language proficiency: The role of language anxiety. Language Learning, 47, 265-287.

Macdonald, S. & MacIntyre, P. D. (1997). The generic job satisfaction scale: Scale development and its correlates. Employee Assistance Quarterly, 13(2), 1-16.

MacIntyre, P. D., Thivierge, K. & MacDonald, J. R. (1997). The effects of audience interest, responsiveness, and evaluation on public speaking anxiety and related variables. Communication Research Reports, 14, 157-168.

MacIntyre, P. D. & Noels, K. A. (1996). Predicting strategy use from psychosocial variables: A test of the social-psychological model. Foreign Language Annals, 29, 373-386.

MacIntyre, P. D. & Charos, C. (1996). Personality, attitudes, and affect as predictors of second language communication. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 15, 3-26.

Gardner, R. C., MacIntyre, P. D., & Lalonde, R. N. (1995). The effects of multiple social categories on stereotyping. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 27, 466-483.

MacIntyre, P. D. (1995). On seeing the forest and the trees: A rejoinder to Sparks and Ganschow. Modern Language Journal, 79, 245-248.

MacIntyre, P. D. (1995). How does anxiety affect second language learning?: A reply to Sparks and Ganschow. Modern Language Journal, 79, 1-32.

MacIntyre, P. D. & Thivierge, K. (1995). The effects of audience pleasantness, audience familiarity, and speaking context on public speaking anxiety and willingness to speak. Communication Quarterly, 43, 456-466.

MacIntyre, P. D. & Thivierge, K. (1995). The effects of speaker personality on anticipated reactions to public speaking. Communication Research Reports, 12, 125 - 133.

MacIntyre, P. D. (1994). Toward a social psychological model of strategy use. Foreign Language Annals, 27, 185-195.

MacIntyre, P. D. (1994). Variables underlying willingness to communicate: A causal analysis. Communication Research Reports, 11, 135-142.

MacIntyre, P. D. & Gardner, R. C. (1994). The effects of induced anxiety on cognitive processing in computerised vocabulary learning. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 16, 1-17.

MacIntyre, P. D. & Gardner, R. C. (1994). The subtle effects of language anxiety on cognitive processing in the second language. Language Learning,44, 283-305.

MacIntyre, P. D. and Noels, K. A. (1994). The Good Language Learner: A retrospective review. System, 22, 269-280.

Gardner, R. C. & MacIntyre, P. D. (1993). On the measurement of affective variables in second language learning. Language Learning, 43, 157-194.

Gardner, R. C. & MacIntyre, P. D. (1993). A student's contribution to Second Language Learning: Part II, Affective Factors. Language Teaching, 26, 1-11.

Gardner, R. C. & MacIntyre, P. D. (1992). A student's contribution to Second Language Learning: Part I, Cognitive Factors. Language Teaching, 25, 211-220.

Gardner, R. C., Day, B., & MacIntyre, P. D. (1992). Integrative motivation, induced anxiety, and language learning in a controlled environment. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 14, 197-214.

Gardner, R. C. & MacIntyre, P. D. (1991). An instrumental motivation in language study: Who says it isn't effective. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 13, 57-72.

MacIntyre, P. D. & Gardner, R. C. (1991). Language anxiety: Its relation to other anxieties and to processing in native and second languages. Language Learning, 41, 513-534.

MacIntyre, P. D. & Gardner, R. C. (1991). Methods and results in the study of anxiety in language learning: A review of the literature. Language Learning, 41, 85-117.

MacIntyre, P. D. & Gardner, R. C. (1991). Investigating language class anxiety using the focused essay technique. Modern Language Journal, 75, 296-304.

Gardner, R. C., MacIntyre, P. D., and Lysynchuk, L. M. (1990). The affective dimension in programme evaluation. Language, Culture, and Curriculum, 3, 39-64.

MacIntyre, P. D. (1990). Issues and recommendations in the use of factor analysis. Western Journal of Graduate Research, 2, 59-73.

MacIntyre, P. D. & Gardner, R. C. (1989). Anxiety and second-language learning: Toward a theoretical clarification. Language Learning, 39, 251-275.

Publications: Chapters in Books

Bissix, G., Kruisselbrink, D., Carlsson, L., MacIntyre, P. D., & Hatcher, T. (in press). Active Lifestyle, Physical Recreation and Health Outcomes of Youth in Two Contrasting Nova Scotian Communities. In Hylton, K., Flintoff, A. & Long, J. (Eds.) Active lifestyles, physical recreation and health outcomes(pp. 145-159).

MacIntyre, P. D. (2002). Motivation, anxiety and emotion in second language acquisition. In P. Robinson (Ed.) Individual Differences and Instructed Language Learning. John Benjamins, pp. 45-68.

MacIntyre, P. D., MacMaster, K. & Baker, S. (2001). The Convergence of Multiple Models of Motivation For Second Language Learning: Gardner, Pintrich, Kuhl and McCroskey. In Z. Dörnyei & R. Schmidt (Eds.) Motivation and second language acquisition (pp. 461-492). Honolulu, HI: The University of Hawaii, SecondLanguageTeaching & CurriculumCenter.

MacIntyre, P. D. (1999). Language anxiety: A review of the literature for language teachers. In D. J. Young (Ed.), Affect in foreign language and second language learning: A practical guide to creating a low-anxiety classroom atmosphere (pp. 24-45). Boston: McGraw-Hill.

Gardner, R. C. & MacIntyre, P. D. (1995). An instrumental motivation in language study: Who says it isn't effective? In H. D. Brown & S. Gonzo (Eds.), Readings on Second Language Acquisition (pp. 206-225). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall Regents.

Gardner, R.C. & MacIntyre, P.D. (1995). A student's contributions to second language learning. Part I: Cognitive variables. In I. A. Stevenson (Ed.) Reader for HPSPER-V: Psycholinguistics for Applied Linguistics (rev. ed) (pp. 133-142). Pretoria: University of South Africa. (Reprinted from Language Teaching, 1992, 25, 211-220).

Gardner, R.C. & MacIntyre, P.D. (1995). A student's contributions to second language learning. Part II: Affective variables. In I. A. Stevenson (Ed.) Reader for HPSPER-V: Psycholinguistics for Applied Linguistics (rev. ed) (pp. 143-153). Pretoria: University of South Africa. (Reprinted from Language Teaching, 1993, 25, 1-11).

MacIntyre, P. D. & Gardner, R. C. (1991). Anxiety and second-language learning: Toward a

theoretical clarification. In E. K. Horwitz and D. J. Young (Eds.), Language anxiety: From theory and research to classroom practice (pp. 41-53). Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice Hall.

MacIntyre, P. D. & Southwell, R. R. (1985). The psychosocial impact of unemployment on

CapeBreton. In S. DasGupta (Ed.) Studies on Atlantic Canada. Charlottetown, P.E.I.: U.P.E.I. Press.

Publications: Book Reviews

MacIntyre, P. D. (2003). A review of Dörnyei’s “Teaching and Researching Motivation.” Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 21, 327-329.

MacIntyre, P. D. (1992). A review of Horwitz and Young's "Language Anxiety: From theory

and research to classroom implications." System, 20, 542-544.

Research Results Published on the Web

Basic Research:

MacIntyre, P. D., Boudreau, C., Bissix, G., and Carlsson, L. (in press). Volunteers and their Health: Results from the Glace Bay and Kings County GPI Surveys. To be published on the web by the Knowledge Development Centre, Toronto (

MacIntyre, P. D., Boudreau, C., Bissix, G., and Carlsson, L. (in press). Core values and volunteerism. To be published on the web by the Knowledge Development Centre, Toronto (

Bissix, G., Carlsson, L., MacIntyre, P. D., and Boudreau, C (in press). A Profile of Formal Youth Volunteers in Glace Bay and Kings County, Nova Scotia. To be published on the web by the Knowledge Development Centre, Toronto

Bissix, G., Carlsson, L., MacIntyre, P. D., and Boudreau, C (in press). Volunteer Motivations and Barriers: Comparing Kings County and Glace Bay, Nova Scotia. To be published on the web by the Knowledge Development Centre, Toronto (

GPI Glace Bay. An extensive web site displaying results from the GPI Glace Bay survey, presentations to the community, data access guidelines, a history of the project, and more.

URL:

Applied Research:

Sexuality in Palliative Care. A web site to support a presentation made to the Palliative Care Conference in Baddek, NS (June 2003). Applies previous research on attitudes, sexual function, and communication to novel approaches to dealing with sexuality for palliative care patients.

URL:

VII. Work Submitted for Publication

MacIntyre, P. D. & Maxner, N. (submitted). Willingness to communicate in a second language: Proximal and distal influences.

VIII. Research in Progress

Carre, G. & MacIntyre, P. D. (in progress). The influence of basic personality traits on the assessment of health-related internet sites.

MacIntyre, P. D. & Smith, M. (in progress). Social cohesion and low crime rates in a small, post-industrial community.

IX. Research Bulletins

MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1993). The CORPACK2 manual. Research Bulletin,

University of WesternOntario.

MacIntyre, P. D. & Gardner, R. C. (1992). The pervasive effects of language anxiety on

second language performance. Research Bulletin # 706, The University of Western Ontario.

Gardner, R. C. & MacIntyre, P. D. (1990). The POSTHOC manual. Research Bulletin No.

695, University of WesternOntario.

Gardner, R. C. & MacIntyre, P. D. (1990). A primer on the analysis of variance using a

continuous independent factor in conjunction with a repeated measures factor. Research Bulletin No. 694, University of WesternOntario.

MacIntyre, P. D. & Gardner, R. C. (1988). The measurement of anxiety and applications to

second language learning: An annotated bibliography. Research Bulletin # 677, The University of Western Ontario. ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages and Linguistics No. FL017649.

X. Conference and Academic Presentations

  1. On November 25, 2004, Peter MacIntyre (Psychology Department) was invited to make a presentation summarizing the Glace Bay GPI Research Project to the Sustainable Communities Initiative group.
  2. On January 17, 2005, Peter MacIntyre (Psychology Department) gave an invited talk, organized by the School of English Studies at Nottingham University (UK) entitled “Willingness to Communicate: Motivation and Volition in Second Language Use.”
  3. On January 19, 2005, Peter MacIntyre (Psychology Department) gave an invited talk at Birkbeck College, University of London (UK), entitled “Willingness to Communicate in a Second Language: Volitional Processes.”
  4. On January 26, 2005, Peter MacIntyre (Psychology Department) presented a brief summary of the research project “Volunteerism in two Contrasting Nova Scotia Communities: Integrating Outcomes at the Local Level” to an open community meeting. This research, funded by the Canadian Centre for Philanthropy, has been part of the process that is leading to the establishment of the Cape Breton County Chamber of Voluntary Organizations. Peter is part of the organizing committee attempting to launch the Chamber in the local area.
  5. On February 13, 2005, Peter MacIntyre(Psychology Department) gave the plenary address at the TUJ Applied Linguistics conference in Tokyo, Japan. The talk was entitled “International Perspectives on Motivation for Second Language Learning.”

MacIntyre, P. D. (2005). Willingness to Communicate in the Second Language: Individual and Intergroup Process. Presented at the Language Learning Round Table (EURO SLA), Dubrovnik, Croatia (September, 2005)