Environmental Impact Assessment Report
Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation
Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project
by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation
Environmental Impact Assessment Report
Part A Executive Summary
Shaanxi Institute for Environmental Sciences Research and Design
Dec. 2006
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report
Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation
Table of Contents
1. Introduction 1
2. Brief Description of the Project 2
3. Regional Environmental Conditions 5
3.1 Definitions of Environmental Boundary/types 5
3.2 Natural Environment 5
3.3 Ecological Environment 6
3.4 Socio-economic Conditions 7
3.5 Current Status of Drinking Water in Project Area 7
3.6 Sanitation Status in Project Areas 7
4. Environmental Assessment and Environmental Protection Measurements 8
4.1 Identification of Environmental Impacts 8
4.2 Environmental Assessment and Environmental Protection Measurements 8
4.2.1 environmental sensitivity 8
4.2.2 Assurance of water quantity 9
4.2.3 Assurance of drinking water quality 11
4.2.4 The safety of dams 14
4.2.5 Public health and sanitation 14
4.2.6 Environmental impacts from construction 16
4.2.7 Assurance of sustainability of project 17
4.2.8 Alternatives 19
4.2.9 Environmental impacts from sanitation engineering 22
4.2.10 Risk assessment 23
5. Public consultation and information disclosure 24
5.1 Project planning phase 24
5.2 Project implementation phase 26
6．Environmental Management Plan 27
6.1 Note for this environmental management plan 27
6.2 Summary of environmental issues and mitigation measurements from environmental assessment process 27
6.3 Summary of environmental monitoring 27
6.4 Environmental management organization 29
6.5 Technical supports and environmental management training 30
6.6 Summary of environmental management works 30
6.7 Environmental management reporting 33
6.8 Environmental management cost and budget assurance 33
7. Environmental Policy Framework for Remaining 80% Project 33
7.1 Brief introduction to remaining 80% project 33
7.2 Environmental baselines and impact prediction in remaining 80% project 34
7.3 Environmental assessment framework for remaining 80% project 34
7.4 Reporting to World Bank 37
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report
Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation
1. Introduction
This report is an executive summary report of environmental assessment for Shaanxi rural drinking water supply and sanitation project loaning from World Bank and funding by the donation of DFID. It is one of project documents for an appraisal by World Bank.
To improve drinking water supply and sanitation conditions in some remote rural areas in Shaanxi province, Shaanxi provincial government decided to initiate a program on rural drinking water supply and sanitation in 90 project blocks within 15 counties (city) by seeking a loan from World Bank and funding of DFID. It is expected to provide drink water supply and a better sanitation conditions for about 321,000 populations in 335 villages. The investment is estimated as 37.5 million USD, among which 12.5 million USD from loan of World Bank and 12.5 million from the donation of DFID and 12.5 million from domestic sources.
This project was classified as category B by World Bank in September 2005. An environmental assessment report and environmental management plan were required. A scope report for this environmental assessment was provided.
In November 2005, World Bank required to undertake and complete an environmental assessment for the 1st group of project areas (20% (4 project counties/districts)) and then develop a policy framework for environmental assessments of the remaining 80% project areas.
Shaanxi provincial development and reform commission assigned Shaanxi Institute for Environmental Sciences Research and Design (short for Shaanxi Environmental Institute (SEI)) to undertake an environmental assessment for Shaanxi rural safe drinking water and sanitation project in November 2005.
An environmental assessment for the 1st group of project areas (20%) and a policy framework for environmental assessment of remaining 80% project areas were completed by SEI in September 2006. This executive summary report was prepared based on the full report of environmental assessment of the 1st group of project areas and the policy framework for environmental assessments of remaining 80% project areas.
This report is prepared according to Chinese relevant laws and regulations for environmental assessment, World Bank environmental policies, outline and appraisal remarks of environmental assessment provided by World Bank preparation and pre- appraisal, appraisal missions.
The full environmental assessment report includes three parts: 1) executive summary report (part A, this document); 2) main report (part B, includes the policy framework for environmental assessment of remaining 80% project); 3) environmental management plan (part C). This executive summary report provides a summary on the main report and environmental management plan.
2. General Description of the Project
This project mainly includes three elements i.e. water supply, improvements in toilets, and garbage disposal. Water supply includes utilizing existing water reservoirs, channeling water from nearby rivers, on-site deep wells, and existing tap water plants.
According to the project planning, new water supply capacity of 21,879m3 /day will be increased via newly building-up, modification, and expansion of existing capacity, 73,978 toilets will be built or improved, and 796 garbage disposal sites at villages will be constructed.
The first 20% project area involves in 11 project blocks within 4 counties. A summary of these engineering works is presented in table 2.2.2-1、2.2.2-2.
It will take 5 years to complete all project activities and planned to start from January 2007 until March 2012.
I
Environmental Impact Assessment Report
Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation
Table 2.2.2-1 Water supply programs in project area (summary)
Project county / Project blocks / Type / Water Sources Engineering / Tap-water plant/water treatment station / Storage ponds / Pipes / RemarkBing Xian / Yao Chi Tou / River / 2 Overflow dams / 1 / 2 ponds @ 200m3 / 52.60km
Ya He Wan / Deep well / 4 deep well / 1 / 2 ponds @ 100m3 / 31.00km
Ming Yu Chi / Existing water supply facility / / / / / / / 31km
Yao Zhou / Ma Zhui / Reservoir / 1 new water-taking pumping station / 1 / 1 pond with100m3,2 ponds @ 200m3,1 pond with 300m3 / 88.14km
Bao Cun / Reservoir / 1 modified water-taking pumping station / 1 / 1 pond with 200m3,1 pond with 300m3 / 90.50km
Ying Tai / Xi Yuan / Reservoir / 1 collection pond and 1 pumping station / 1 / 1 pond with 200m3 / 51.15km
Chen Lu / Existing water supply facility / 1 pumping station / 1 / 2 @ 300m3 / 76.62km
Zhi Dan / Wang Zhui Zi / Deep well / 2 pumping wells / / / 2 ponds @ 300m3 with high adjustment function / 80km
Sun Cha / Deep well / 1 pumping well / / / 1 pond with 300m3 with high adjustment function / 22.64km
Niu Gou / Deep well / 2 pumping wells / / / 2 ponds @ 300m3 with high adjustment function / 33.2km
Shi Wa / Deep well / 1 pumping well / / / 1 pond with 300m3 with high adjustment function / 17.8km
Table 2.2.2-2 Toilet modification and garbage disposal engineering (summary)
Bing Xian / Yao Chi Tou / 900 / 2146 / 6 / 26 / / / /
Ya He Wan / 350 / 1081 / 2 / 11 / / / /
Ming Yu Chi / 250 / 1293 / 1 / 13 / / / /
Yao Zhou / Ma Zui / / / 2702 / 10 / 35 / 10 / 10
Bao Cun / / / 2505 / 6 / 25 / 6 / 6
Ying Tai / Xi Yuan / 121 / 1156 / 469 / 23 / / / 4
Chen Lu / 500 / 3907 / 20 / 23 / / / 12
Zhi Dan / Wang Zhui Zi / 2367 / / / 2 / 26 / / / /
Sun Cha / 444 / / / 1 / 12 / / / 6
Niu Gou / 871 / / / 2 / 21 / / / /
Shi Wa / 279 / / / 1 / 12 / / / /
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report
Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation
3. Regional Environmental Conditions
In chapter 3 of the main report, the boundary of the first 20% project area was defined and then regional natural physical environments, ecological environments, socio-economic conditions, drinking water status and sanitation conditions were addressed.
3.1 Definitions of Environmental Boundary/types
The boundary of study area for each project block was defined according to the type of water sources. The target environmental study area include project block, areas influence the project and areas impacted by the project implementation and operation.
3.2 Natural Environment
Landforms：
Each project block is separately distributed in 4 counties of Shaanxi province. The main types of landforms are tableland of river, mountain areas, high-land, and valley.
Geology：
All project blocks are geologically as part of plateau of Ordos. Project blocks within Zhidan county mainly are Quaternary loess with few exposure of new tertiary strata (red earth). Project blocks within Yintai district are of hilly-gullied region with Mesozoic rock mountainous area at lower part of the town urban area. Project blocks within Yaozhou district are mainly of limestone and rocks of Majiagou group of the Mid-Ordovician and erosion-type landform from a long time erosion process of sand rocks (Permian and Triassic) can be observed. Project blocks within Bing county are mainly of alluvium of Q4 and Q3 of Quaternary period. No geo-hazard area and faults, sink are observed in all project blocks.
Hydrology：
1） Surface water
There are 3 main river systems in Zhidan county i.e. Luo River, Zhou River, and Xingzhi River. Yintai district covers both of Luo River and Wei River systems. The main river within Yintai district is Lishui River. Yaozhou district holds 5 major rives – Ju River, Lishui River, Zhaoshi River, Zhuyu River and Qingyu River which are belong to Shichuan River system of Wei River system of Yellow River. Jing River is the major river in Bing county and is the branch of Yellow river. Among all rivers mentioned-above, Luo River, Zhou River and Jing River are of very poor water quality and much below the quality requirements as a drinking water source.
In this project, it is planned to channel water from 3 reservoirs – 1) Taoqupou reservoir which is located in Yaozhou district with the volume of 57.2 million m3. Its upstream river is Ju river; 2) Baocun reservoir which is also sited in Yaozhou district with the volume of 1.28 million m3 . Its upstream river is Zhuyu river; and 3) Mashaogou reservoir which is located in Yintai district with the volume of 3.12 million m3. Its upstream river is Qishui River.
2） Groundwater
In Yintai district, Bing county, and Yaozhou district, the aquifers are fissures among Fuji rocks under loess in main forms of pressured rock fissure water and hole fissure water. The distribution of groundwater is not same among areas, wide storage, and lower flow rate. It is difficult to explore it and ground water can only be used for human being and cattle uses in some localized area. Aquifers in project blocks in Zhidan county are sand, sand stone and sand rock of Q3 and Q4 of alluvium of Quaternary period. The main forms of groundwater are phreatic water and pressured water among holes or fissures. The depth of aquifers are normally 200 meters below ground with volume of 64 million m3. It has a significant potential to develop these groundwater resources.
Climate：
All project blocks experience a typical warm, continental climate with four seasons and obvious warm and cold, try and wet characters. The average sunlight hour is among 2260-2313 hours per year. The annual average temperature is 7.8 –12.3oC. The annual average rainfall is 520-590mm with the raining season of July to September. The annual average evaporation capacity is 800 – 1100 mm. The average wind speed is between 1.4 – 2.2 m/s. The worse weather are dry, frost, ice, heavy rain, strong wind.
Soil types：
All soils are from loess including black soil, yellow soil, red soil, alluvium soil. These soils are thick and of good quality for farming.
Mineral resources：
There exist rich mineral resources in the project areas mainly including coal, oil shale, limestone, and clay. According to the information from geological department, there is no project area for exploration and production of such mineral resources.
3.3 Ecological Environment
All project blocks are distributed in suburban areas with high density of residents and locals have difficulties to access clean drinking water. The type of environment is an agricultural ecosystem affected by human activities for a long time.
In these project blocks, corn, cotton and sweat vegetable are mainly planted by local farmers. There are few forests with economic value. No rare or dangerous plants are identified. The habitats for wild life have been changed by agricultural activities and big wild life stay from these project blocks and no rare or dangerous animal is identified. Animal husbandry/fowl species (pig, ox, bull, chicken and duck) are major animals in the project blocks.
According to the survey from forestry department, no environmentally sensitive areas such as nature reserves, protected wetlands, habitats of nature species, areas of occupied by rare/dangerous species and geo-hazard areas.
3.4 Socio-economic Conditions
The population in each project block of 4 counties are 15,800-28,000. The landscape is similar among all of these project blocks and mainly of farmland, forest land, and un-utilized lands. Try land is the major type of farmland. At moment, the main income sources for villagers are plantation, husbandry and short-time employment outside of village with the annual net income of 1,125-1,500RMB. Education is developed quickly and pupils can go to near schools. There are 7769 children and teenagers in schools within project blocks which is 99% of whole population of school-age. In some villages of project blocks, cable TV and programmed telephone are available, mobile phone signals cover 90% of total area. At moment, county town is the center of land transportation and links with other townships via highway networks. The later usually has one simple highway (one lane for vehicles) to villages.