Causative use of have

Causing something to be done by someone else is expressed by “have” or “get” with a past participle.

Examples:

He must have his pen mended (Somebody must mend it for him)

I had my shoes cleaned (I asked someone to clean them for me)

Questions and Negatives are made with “Do”

Examples:

Do you always have your hair done at the same hairdresser’s?

Did you have your piano tuned?

It sounds fantastic!

In the future:

Will you have your car washed tomorrow?

Do you think she will have her face lifted again?

Rewrite the following sentences using the causative use of have

Example: Somebody washed my car for me yesterday

I had my car washed yesterday

  1. Someone doesn’t clean the house every day
  2. I asked someone to paint the gate last week
  3. Someone tuned the piano for her yesterday
  4. Somebody will have to see it for you
  5. I asked a man too mend my shoes
  6. Somebody sends Mary her dresses made from Paris
  7. Your hair needs cutting You must…
  8. Tell someone to translate it into English
  9. Our season tickets need renewing. We must….
  10. We ordered somebody to whitewash the ceiling
  11. The knives want sharpening. We must…
  12. We must find somebody to chop all this wood up
  13. Tell him to take another photograph
  14. I am going to tell someone to add an extra room
  15. Your face wants lifting. You must…
  16. He asked his tailor to lengthen the trousers
  17. Tell someone to bring it to you on a tray

Answers:

  1. I didn’t have the house cleaned…
  2. I had the gate painted
  3. She had the piano tuned
  4. You will have to have it seen to
  5. I had my shoes mended
  6. Mary has her dresses made and sent
  7. You must have your hair cut
  8. Have it translated into English
  9. We must have our season tickets renewed
  10. We had the ceiling whitewashed
  11. We must have the knives sharpened
  12. We must have all this wood chopped up
  13. Have another photograph taken
  14. I am going to have an extra room added
  15. You must have your face lifted
  16. He had his trousers lengthened
  17. Have it brought to you on a tray

Note: Get can be replaced by Have

Example:

  1. I don’t get the house cleaned every day
  2. I got the gate painted

Relative clauses

For the sake of clarity, we should divide Relative clauses in English into 2 categories:

Defining

Relative Clauses

Non-defining

Defining Relative Clauses

These relative clauses are an essential part of the idea being expressed, in that it defines its antecedent perfectly well.

Example: The man is coming to tea (What man?)

The man who wrote the poem is coming to tea

“Who wrote the poem” cannot be omitted, since without it, we cannot define the man.

A 90% of the Relatives in spoken English fall into this category

IMPORTANT: It would be suitable to use “that” throughout, but custom prefers “who” in the subject for persons. We use that for both things and persons

We use “which” only for things

Examples: The man who wrote this poem is coming to tea

that

The book which is lying on the table, is mine

that

Note: Defining relative clauses are NEVER preceded by comma in writing

Exercises: Complete the following sentences with: who- that-which

  1. The man ______you want has just left
  2. The lady ______was here yesterday, has gone to London
  3. The magazine ______you lent me is very interesting
  4. The photographs______the astronauts took, were mind-blowing
  5. The students______are standing near the door, are very computer savvy
  6. The breakthroughs ______Dr. Wilson did, are decisive in the ELT field
  7. Tobacco ______is an American crop, was taken to England by Sir Walter Raleigh
  8. The American Independence ______was declared in 1776, defined the Colonists’ wish to be a free nation.
  9. Argentina ______is a very big country, is also the southernmost country on Earth.
  10. Mozart ______composed many symphonies, was born in 1756 and died in 1791
  11. Sarmiento ______was President of Argentina, founded the M. College in 1869
  12. “The Merry Wives of Windoor” ______written by Shakespeare, is a famous comedy
  13. Picasso ______painted “Guernica” was a Spanish painter
  14. Cádiz ______is in Spain, is the oldest city in Europe
  15. Henry VIII ______was a British king, executed his wife Ann Boleyn ______was accused of adultery
  16. Shakespeare and Cervantes ______are the most famous writers ever, died on the same day: April 23, 1616
  17. Agatha Christie ______was a very famous writer, wrote many interesting detective stories.
  18. “A Farewell to Arms” and “For whom the Bells Toll” ______were two novels written by Hemingway, became 2 successful films later.
  19. The film “Gone by the wind” ______was based in the novel by Margaret Mitchell, carried off 10 Oscars in 1940
  20. Gral. San Martín crossed the Andes in 1817, is the National Argentine hero
  21. Kiev ______is the capital city of Ukrania, is a very groovy city
  22. Dakar______is the capital city of Morocco, is interesting for its architecture and culture
  23. Philadelphia ______is the capital city of Pennsylvania, is the cradle of American Independence.
  24. Oxford ______is in England, is famous for its academic excellence.
  25. J.P. Sartre ______was a French philosopher wrote “Roads to Freedom”
  26. William Wordsworth______wrote “The Daffodils” was an English poet.
  27. Verdi ______was an Italian composer, composed “La Traviatta” and “Rigoletto”
  28. Paris ______is the capital city of France, is one of the most expensive cities in the world
  29. Hernán Cortés ______was a Spanish conqueror, conquered Mexico in 1516
  30. Lientenant Colonel Rudecindo Alvarado ______belonged to the Andes Army, commanded “Batallón 1 de Cazadores” (Hunters’ Squad)

Whose

The word “whose” is used to show the relationship between a person or thing and something that belongs to that person or thing.

Example: That is the man Whose house has burned down

This is the professor Whose book I read

It is also an interrogative word:

Whose house is this?

Whose is this car?