CHEMISTRY HONORS
SEMESTERTWO FINAL EXAM REVIEW
CHAPTER 11: THE MOLE (all sections)
-know what a mole is equivalent to
-know how to do molar conversions
-know how to determine the molar mass of a compound
-know how to calculate the percent composition of a substance
-know what the empirical formula is of a compound and how to calculate it
-know how to calculate the molecular formula of a compound from its empirical formula
-know how to determine the empirical formula of a hydrate
CHAPTER 12: STOICHIOMETRY (all sections)
-stoichiometric conversions: grams → moles → moles → grams
-know how to determine the limiting reactant (reagent) in a chemical reaction
-know how to determine the reactant in excess (reagent) in a chemical reaction
-know how to determine the percent yield = actual yield x 100
theor. yield
CHAPTER 13: STATES OF MATTER (13.1, 13.2, 13.4)
-know the kinetic molecular theory (know postulates, pg. 385-386; also on pg. 419-420)
-know how to use Graham’s law of effusion
-know what pressure is (know units)
- 1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 101.3 kPa = 14.7 PSI
-know how to use Dalton’s law of partial pressures
-know the intermolecular forces
- 3 types of forces
- their relative strengths
- the types of compounds that use each
-know the six different phase changes (which are endothermic/which are exothermic)
-know how elevation affects atmospheric pressure
-know what vapor pressure is and how it relates to the boiling point of a liquid (pg. 406)
-know the phase diagram on pg. 409
CHAPTER 14: GASES (all sections)
-know the mathematical relationships of pressure, volume, temperature, and moles of a gas
-know Boyle’s Law (pg. 421), Charles’s Law (pg. 424) and Gay-Lussac’s Law (pg. 426)
-know the Combined Gas Law (pg. 428)
-know Avogadro’s Principle (pg. 430)
-know that a mole of a gas @ STP (0°C = 273 K & 1 atm) occupies 22.4 L of volume
-know the Ideal Gas Law (pg. 434) and how real gases differ from ideal gases
- know how to solve for molar mass & density using the Ideal Gas Law
-know how to do gas stoichiometry problems (volume only & volume-mass calculations)
CHAPTER 15: SOLUTIONS (15.1, 15.2, 15.4)
-know what a solution is
-know what solvation is
-know the difference between solutions that are unsaturated, saturated, and supersaturated
-know the factors that affect solubility
-know Henry’s Law (pg. 460)
-know the following concentration ratios:
- percent by mass (pg. 462)
- percent by volume (pg. 462)
- molarity (pg. 462)
- using molarity & molar mass to prepare a molar solution
- mole fraction (pg. 462)
- parts per million (mg/kg or mg/L)
- dilutions (V1M1 = V2M2)
CHAPTER 16: ENERGY AND CHEMICAL CHANGE (16.1 – 16.4)
-know the law of conservation of energy
-know heat units (joule, kilojoule, calorie, Calorie, kilocalorie)
-know what specific heat is
-know how to use the heat equation (pg. 493)
-know how to do calorimetry problems [m • c • ΔT = -(m • c • ΔT)]
-know what enthalpy is
- what a positive ΔH means vs. a negative ΔH
- how enthalpy can determine whether a reaction is endothermic or exothermic
- know how to solve enthalpy of combustion problems
- know how to solve enthalpy of phase change problems (fusion, vaporization)
- know how to use Hess’s law of summation
- know how to use standard enthalpies of formation to find the enthalpy of a reaction
CHAPTER 17:REACTION RATES (17.1 – 17.3)
-know how to calculate the average rate of a reaction if given data
-know the three postulates to the collision theory
-know what activation energy is
- know both graphs on pg. 534
-know the five factors that affect reaction rates
-know what reaction rate law is
- know how to determine a rate law given data
- know what zero order, 1st order, and 2nd order mean in a reaction
- know how to determine the overall order of a reaction
- know how to solve for a rate constant
CHAPTER 18: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM (all sections)
-know what equilibrium is
-know Le Chatelier’s Principle
-know equilibrium constant (Keq)
- know how to properly set up an expression
- know what it means when Keq > 1 vs. Keq < 1
CHAPTER 19: ACIDS, BASES (19.1, 19.2, 19.4)
-know the properties of acids & bases and examples of each
-know the Brønsted-Lowry model of acids & bases (pg. 598)
-know how to determine acids, bases, and their conjugates in a reaction in equilibrium
-know the difference between strong acids/bases vs. weak ones (know your “FOURTEEN”)
-know how to calculate the pH, pOH, [H+], and [OH-] of a strong acidic or basic solution
-know how to write the net ionic equation & determine spectator ions for reactions with acids & bases
-know how to solve neutralization problems (VAMA=VBMB)
-know what titration and why it is done
CHAPTER 20: REDOX REACTIONS (all sections)
-know the definitions of oxidation & reduction (“OIL RIG” OR “LEO SAYS GER”)
-know what the oxidizing and reducing agents are in a chemical reaction
-know how to determine the oxidation number of an element (rules on pg. 641)
-know how to identify half reactions from a balanced reaction