Hoy es martes, el 13 de enero

-Due today:No habia tarea para hoy 

-Tarea para jueves: Rough Draft - Dream-based storytelling activity (10 conjugations in imperfect, 10 in preterit; 10 pages long [include imagery for each pg.])

-Daily Objective:

(1)Introduction to the classification of accents

(2)Demonstratepreterit/imperfect tense endings through dream-based storytelling activity

(3)Discuss Imperfect vs Preterit Creative Project

Key concepts/vocabulary –

Acento desinencial: 2 words, different meaning, accent one.

Diptongo: a syllable split between two vowels, accent the weak one, U and I are weak.

Aguda: Last syllable is strongest; word must end in consonant except N or S.

Grave: 2nd to last syllable is strongest; word must end in vowel or N or S.

Esdrújula: 3rd to last syllable is strongest; it always gets an accent.

ad·age (noun)

a proverb or short statement expressing a general truth.

"the old adage “out of sight out of mind.”"

synonyms: / saying,maxim,axiom,proverb,aphorism,saw,dictum,byword,precept,motto,truism,platitude,cliché,apophthegm,commonplace
"I should have remembered the old adage 'look before you leap'"
Principal Translations
adagen / (old saying, proverb) / proverbionm
adagionm
dichonm
adagionm

Acento desinencial: 2 words, different meaning, accent one.

Diptongo: a syllable split between two vowels, accent the weak one, U and I are we (You and I are the weak ones…this helps them remember)

Aguda: Last syllable is strongest; word must end in consonant except N or S.

Grave: 2nd to last syllable is strongest; word must end in vowel or N or S.

Esdrújula: 3rd to last syllable is strongest; it always gets an accent.

A more thorough explanation and examples

Word Pronunciation Categories

Words fall into three categories according to the way they are pronounced: agudas, graves, esdrújulas..

  1. Words that are stressed on the last syllable are called agudas. If an aguda ends in a consonant other than n or sit is written without an accent mark. If an aguda
  2. ends in a vowel, or n or s it carries a written accent mark.

Unaccented agudas / Accented agudas
tapiz / almacén
ciudad / aquí
profesor / canción
papel / detrás
reloj / está

2. Words that are stressed on the second to the last syllable are called graves (or llanas in some countries). If a grave ends in a vowel or n or sit does not carry a written accent. If a grave ends in a consonant other than n or s it carries a written accent mark.

Unaccented graves / Accented graves
payaso / ángel
orden / débil
largo / huésped
clase / lápiz

3. Words that are stressed on the third to the last syllable are called esdrújulas. All esdrújulawords carry a written accent.All esdrújulawords carry a written accent.

aéreo
artículo
católico
esdrújula
estómago
magnífico

Diphthongs and Breaking a Diphthong

4. A second use of the accent is to break a diphthong. Diphthongs are formed by combining a strong vowel (a, e, o) with a weak vowel (i, u) or two weak vowels in a single syllable.

Examples:

seis
hacia
junio
miedo
ciudad

If a strong and weak vowel appear together but do not form a syllable, the weak vowel carries a written accent to break the diphthong.

Examples:

maíz
día
había
Raúl
río

Accents to Distinguish Functions of Homonyms

5. There is a special accent mark called the acento desinencial that is used to distinguish the function of words. It is used in cases of homonyms to distinguish the meaning, or where a pronoun has changed functions. The accent in these cases is placed over the strong vowel of the stressed syllable. Generally in the case of homonyms, the less frequently used meaning will carry the written accent.

Unaccented Word / Function (Eng) / Accented Word / Function (Eng)
aun / even (conjunction) / aún / yet (adverb)
de / of (preposition) / dé / subjunctive form
of dar- to give
el / the (article) / él / he (pronoun)
si / if (conjunction) / sí / yes (interjection)
te / you (pronoun) / té / tea (noun)
tu / your (possessive pronoun) / tú / you (personal pronoun)
mi / my (possessive pronoun) / mí / me (direct object)
mas / but (conjunction used in old Spanish) / más / more (adverb)

Change of Function of Pronouns

1. este libro (adjective) meaning "this"

éste(demonstrative pronoun) meaning "this one"

2. que (relative pronoun) as in "el libro que veo en la mesa" meaning "that"

¿qué? (interrogative pronoun) meaning "what"

3. como (relative pronoun) meaning "as" Ex. "tan grande como un elefante"

¿cómo? (interrogative pronoun) meaning "how" ¿Cómo está usted?

As a rule all interrogative pronouns carry a written accent.

The Phonetic Function of the Written Accent

The examples below show the important phonetic function of the written accent in Spanish. These words are spelled the same but are pronounced differently and have different meanings. Without the written accent mark they could be misread within a text.

Two syllable words:

Palabras Graves / Palabras Aguda
sello / selló
ésta / está
ira / irá
baile / bailé
mudo / mudó
cerro / cerró
caso / casó
cortes / cortés
trago / tragó
lavo / lavó

Three and four syllable words:

Palabras
Esdrújulas / Palabras
Graves / Palabras
Agudas
ánimo / animo / animó
público / publico / publicó
círculo / circulo / circuló
cántara / cantara / cantará
cálculo / calculo / calculó
célebre / celebre / celebré
práctico / practico / practicó
término / termino / terminó
límite / limite / limité
depósito / deposito / depositó
partícipe / participe / participé

Word Inflection and Accent Marks

Changing a word from singular to plural or from masculine to feminine adds a syllable to the word. This may cause the word to lose or add an accent mark.

Singular / Plural
lección / lecciones
corazón / corazones
compás / compases
razón / razones
portugués / portugueses
joven / jóvenes
orden / órdenes
interés / intereses
examen / exámenes
galán / galanes
Masculine / Feminine
francés / francesa
inglés / inglesa
catalán / catalana

PRACTICE

Pronounce the following words and categorize them as aguda, grave or esdrújula. Add any accents according to rules 1-4 above. Be prepared to explain the reasons you wrote or did not write an accent on each word.

abierto
adios
alguien
almacen
arbol

bateria
buzon
caida
champu
concierto

despues
diablo
dificil
ingles
lastima

miercoles
nariz
oracion
pais
perdon

platano
policia
rascacielos
razon
recamara

reservacion
rancho
sandia
semaforo
septimo

tambien
tenedor
todavia
unico
viaje

Correct Answers:

abierto
adiós
alguien
almacén
árbol

batería
buzón
caída
champú
concierto

después
diablo
difícil
inglés
lástima

miércoles
nariz
oración
país
perdón

plátano
policía
rascacielos
razón
recámara

reservación
rancho
sandía
semáforo
séptimo

también
tenedor
todavía
único
viaje

Discuss Imperfect vs Preterit Creative Project – Review project rubrics for all three options and discuss expectations for each

Demonstrate preterit/imperfect tense endings through dream-based storytelling activity – Review notes entitled ‘Preterit vs. Imperfect - differences and signifier phrases’ if necessary

-Review one of the four cloze activities from the practice document entitled ‘Imperfecto v Pretérito - Ejercicios 1-4’ as a means of added practice if necessary

-Recount a recent dream you had and retell as many events or recollections as you can in both the preterit and imperfect.

-Use the imperfect to either set up another event, or to describe a continuous action.

-Use the preterit to describe an action as already having been completed in the past.

‘Tomaba sol a la playa con mi novio cuando empezo’ a llover a cantaros.

-Nosotros nos fuimos a un restaurante para almorzar, y mientras que almorzábamos, vi Hugh Jackman, mi actor favorito.

-Le pedi su autógrafo en mi camisa y mientras que la firmaba, nos invito’ comer juntos.

-Platicamos un comemos con Hugh y su esposa por mucho tiempo.

-Todavia estábamos comiendo cuando, de repente, un tipo sospecho entro’ el restaurante, vestido con un chaquetón largo, guantes negros, y gafas.

Se sento’ en un rincón del restaurante, cerca de nosotros, mirándonos todo el rato. Despues que pidió su plato…

-Tarea para miercoles: Rough Draft - Dream-based storytelling activity (10 conjugations in imperfect, 10 in preterit; 10 pages long [include imagery for each pg.])