NAME______

Chapter 17 Reconstruction and the New South (1865-1896)Section 3 The South During Reconstruction

African Americans in Government

•African American ______played an important role in Reconstruct

•Contributing to ______victories in the South

•Some African Americans were able to win seats as ______officials

•In South Carolina, African Americans held a ______in the lower house of the legislature

•In other states, African Americans held important positions, but never in ______to their numbers

At the National Level

•______African Americans served in the House of Representatives (1869-1880)

•2 African Americans served in the ______(1869-1880)

•One was Hiram ______- an ordained minister

•Revels had recruited African Americans for the ______army

•He also started a ______for freed African Americans in Missouri

•He also served as ______of an African American regiment in Mississippi

•Revels stayed in Mississippi and was elected to the U.S.______in 1870

Blanche K. Bruce

•The other African American ______

•Also from ______

•A former escaped ______

•Taught in a school for African Americans in ______

•In 1869 he went to Mississippi, entered ______, and was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1874

Scalawags and Carpetbaggers

•Some Southern ______backed the Republicans

•Former Confederates called them scalawags (scoundrel or ______rascal)

•Some Northern whites moved to the ______after the war and supported the Republican party

•Critics called these Northerners ______

•Some were dishonest, but many were ______who wanted to help the South

•Many Southerners accused the Reconstruction governments of ______

Resistance to Reconstruction

•Most Southerners opposed efforts to expand African Americans’ ______

•Most white landowners refused to rent land to ______people

•Store owners refused them credit and employers would not ______them

•Secret societies, such as the ______, used fear and violence to deny rights to freed men and women

•The KKK wore white ______and ______

The KKK

•Klan members ______1000s of African Americans and their white friends

•______many more

•______African American homes, schools, and churches

•Many southerners, especially planters and the ______, back the KKK

•They saw ______as a defense against Republican rule

•1870 and 1871- Laws were passed to stop the ______of the Klan

•But most Southerners refused to ______against those who attacked African Americans and their white supporters

Education

•During Reconstruction, African Americans created their own ______

•The ______Bureau also helped spread education

•1870s- Reconstruction governments created ______schools for both races

•Within a few years about ______of white children and ______of African American children in the South were enrolled

•Northern ______societies set up academies

•These academies grew into African American ______and universities

•FiskUniversity in Tennessee and ______College in Georgia

•Only a few states required that schools be ______, but the laws were not enforced

Farming

•Some African Americans purchased land with the help of the Freedmen’s ______

•Most were ______to get land

•The most common form of farmwork for freed people was ______

•A landowner ______a plot of land to a sharecropper

•An a crude ______, some ______, and tools (also maybe a mule)

•In return, sharecroppers ______a percentage of their ______with the landowners

•After paying the landowner, sharecroppers often had little left to ______

•For many, sharecropping was little better than ______

Essential Question

In what ways did government in the Southern states change during Reconstruction?

-Before the Civil War, only ______could ______or hold office in the South

- During Reconstruction, African American ______gained these ______

-African American ______mostly supported ______, helping Radical ______take control of ______state governments

-Several African Americans were ______to ______