Texas History

Fort Burrows

Chapter 14 Revieww/ Answers

14.1

open range – vast area of undeveloped public land held by the state

government for future sale

internal improvements – changes made by people, such as building of roads,

to help boost a regions economy and population

strike – work stoppage to force an employer to meet certain demand

region – separate or different area of a country

hardy – being able to survive harsh and dangerous conditions

correlated – to have a mutual relationship in which one thing effects the other

proxy- power or authority that’s given to allow a person to act for someone else

siege – military bombardment of an enemy town or position in order to force it to surrender

14.2

commercial agriculture – growing of crops for sale in order to make a profit

blockade - shutting of a port to keep people or supplies from moving in or out

annex – to add on

inspired – encouraged by someone or something

equipped – to have something you need

bombardment – continuous attack with bombs or guns

bankrupt – not able to pay back a debt

prosper – to succeed financially

14.3

tenant farmer – rents land from others and pays with a share of his crops

subsistence agriculture – growing just enough food to support your family

interest – additional money paid to a lender for, using his money and repaying

the debt back over time

irrigation – supplying water to land by artificial means ( due to lack of rainfall )

depression – a period in time when business activity and prices drop, and many

workers lose their jobs

assert – to say or do something with force

commercial agriculture – growing enough food to sale to many markets for a profit

self-sufficient – able to produce enough for one’s own needs

14.4

cotton gin – a machine that removes the seeds from cotton

cottonseed oil – oil from cotton; used in producing margarine & vegetable oil

chaurros – a breed of small Spanish sheep valued for their meat

persecution – unfair treatment of people often due to their religion

or political beliefs

refuge - a place to be safe from persecution

vigilante - self appointed enforcers of the law

lynch - to hang without a legal trial

diverse – displaying variety

  1. What caused the sheep industry in Texas to boom?northern textile mills demanded large amounts of wool.
  1. How did the economic depression and droughts affect West Texas farmers?went out of business, sold the farm to wealthy men, became tenant farmers
  1. How did railroads change trade in Texas?Trade became more long distance
  1. List three reasons for the end of cattle drives.Rail lines were built that reached into Texas, other states banned Texas cattle from entering them, the open range was fenced in making it more difficult to drive cattle
  1. Where were most of the investors that built large cattle ranches in West Texas from?Eastern states and Great Britain
  1. Identify tenant farmers (TFs):rented land in exchange for part of their crop (usually 2/3 to 1/3 ratio), tenant farming happened because plantation owners had little money to pay workers, land owners wanted to keep control of the land, newly freed African Americans could not afford to buy their own land, interest rates were very high on money borrowed, TFs usually tried to grow cotton, TFs would begin the new growing season in debt.
  1. What caused the Big Die-up? drift fences
  1. Why did cotton become the major crop of Texas in the late 1800s?demand was Highworldwide and it withstood drought better than many other crops
  1. What industry came to Fort Worth in the early 1900s?meatpacking
  1. Identify the “range wars.”ranchers with no land fighting with large ranchers because the large ranchers’ fences blocked sources of water
  1. What was the 2nd most important crop in Texas in the late 1800s?corn
  1. Why did farmers grow cotton and not corn in West Texas?the dry climate was better suited to cotton than to corn
  1. What did cowhands think of the changes caused by fencing in the open range?they were unhappy over the loss of the old way of life
  1. How did people show that they owned particular animals in the days of the open range?they marked them with a brand
  1. From what area did many new settlers come to Texas in the late 1800s?the Southern states
  1. Why was farming in West Texas more difficult than in East Texas?the climate was dryer, less rain than in East Texas
  1. What resulted from the Big Die-Up?ranchers adopted modern industry practices
  1. What is a cotton gin? Who invented? When? A machine used to remove the seeds from cotton, Eli Whitney in 1793.
  1. Name the first ‘native’ Texan cow? Longhorn
  1. Before the Civil War, what kind of farming did most Texans do? subsistence agriculture
  1. After the Civil War, what kind of farming did most Texans do? commercial agriculture

1 of Ch 14 Review w/ Answers FEB 2017