Appendix 16：課外延伸閱讀
The Gaia Anderson Hotel— a green hotel you never imagine!
The brand new Gaia Anderson Hotel offers discerning travelers an upscale alternative in hotel lodging near the rugged wilderness of California’s LassenNational Park and Mt.Shasta areas.The all new eco-friendly hotel offers 111 beautifully appointed guestrooms and 11 spacious suites. All Gaia Anderson Hotel rooms are equipped with a refrigerator, free wireless Internet access and an LCD flat screen TV. Gaia Anderson Hotel is an entirely smoke-free lodging property. Guests enjoy a complimentary Organic Healthy Breakfast.
It's no coincidence that Gaia Shasta Hotel takes its name from the Greek word "gaia," meaning Mother Earth.Not only is the Gaia Shasta Hotel an eco-friendly hotel, but its location minutes from Redding puts guests at the doorstep of the most brilliant wilderness areas in Northern California.ShastaLake, Mt.Shasta, LassenVolcanicNational Park and the Sacramento River are just a few areas teeming with outdoor recreation. The Gaia Hotel is located off Interstate 5, just 11 miles from Redding, 150 miles from Sacramento and just minutes from the ReddingMunicipalAirport.
Eco-Friendly Redding, CA Accommodations. We tread lightly at Gaia Shasta Hotel. Our progressive approach to environmental sustainability pairs beautifully with our beautifully appointed guestrooms and suites. Carpet and bathroom tiles are made from recycled materials. Luxurious linens and towels are made of high-quality, long lasting fibers. Solar power helps conserve energy. Recycle bins cut down on landfill waste. Large windows invite natural light while providing amazing views of the outdoors.
Full-Service Hotel and Pet Friendly in California. Looking for an upscale hotel that accepts pets? Gaia Shasta Hotel is the perfect choice for all family members, whether two-legged or four. Our staff can tell you about dog friendly hiking trails near the hotel. Gaia Shasta Hotel also features a state-of-the-art fitness center, outdoor Saline pool and hot tub, and wireless Internet access.
Redding, California Hotel Meeting Space. Looking for meeting space within a day's drive from Sacramento? Gaia Anderson Hotel's 6,100 square feet of flexible meeting space can accommodate groups up to 400 people. Audio/visual equipment and catering services are available. Meeting rooms are equipped with wireless Internet access, while our business center is furnished with basic office essentials including a computer, printer, photocopier and fax machine.
GOING GREEN At Gaia Anderson Hotel Written by Susan Capparelle
Youtube film：Future Laundry - Water Energy Green Laundry System
Water Energy Green Laundry System brings results and savings
REDDING, CA — The Gaia Anderson Hotel/Convention Center in rustic Redding, Ca. was built to co-exist with its natural setting.
With water at a premium in California, the hotel decided to turn to an ozone / reuse system to help them meet their green goals. The Water Energy Green Laundry system installed last year has since brought them impressive water and energy savings – while churning out superior finished goods.
“Our Green Laundry System has truly benefited our daily routine by accelerating the washing process and consistently delivering spectacular results,” says Brenda Goodwin, executive housekeeper at the hotel.
GREEN DESIGN
The Gaia Anderson opened in April 2008 and is the second in a unique chain of green hotels being built by the Atman Hospitality Group, Inc. The first Gaia Hotel in American Canyon, CA was certified by the United States Green Building Council’s LEED program as the very first Gold-Certified LEED Green Hotel in the world. So naturally, The Atman Hospitality Group wanted to extend their green initiatives to the construction on the second Gaia Hotel, using the most advanced green building methods available and instituting green initiatives. Located just minutes from the brilliant wilderness of the Shasta Cascade region of Northern California, this luxurious 120 room facility was built with environmentally sound concepts in mind. This includes the use of solar energy, specialized building materials, conservation techniques, and environment-friendly practices. Incorporating ozone and water reuse into their laundering is just one part of their eco-friendly approach.
RESULTS & SAVINGS
“The Water Energy Green Laundry System allows us to wash everything in cold water and everything comes out clean, bright, and sanitized,” says Ramien Shalizi of Broughton Hospitality Group and general manager at the hotel. “We use higher percale linens and product life is a concern. We now get longer life out of our linens and at least twice the life out of our sheets and towels.” There’s also been significant energy cost savings, according to Shalizi.
Where do these savings come from? “Our wash formulas are only about 25 minutes (compared to traditional cycles of 45-50 minutes) which saves quite a bit of time and energy,” he explains. “The gas savings are tremendous, as the system does not use heated water and we all know how expensive energy is these days. On average we have reduced our net water use by about 60 percent as compared to a traditional laundry.”
OZONE INNOVATIONS
Bob Beddingfield, president of Water Energy Technologies, Inc., the Houston-based innovator behind the system, explains that it’s the system’s unique facets; the delivery of a constant, uniform dose of ozone to the washers and the incorporation of water reuse, that makes the Gaia Anderson’s product results and savings possible.
“Our ozone laundry systems deliver a consistent level of dissolved ozone between 1.5 and 3ppm dissolved ozone in every drop of water delivered to the washers,” he says. “This assures uniform results with little or no spotting and discoloration.”
Adding to the system’s green innovations is the gray water recycling system that works in conjunction with the ozone system. The combined ozone laundry and gray water reuse systems deliver up to 65% reduction in net water use as compared to traditional laundering methods, says Beddingfield.
IMPROVED WORK ENVIRONMENT
Laundry at the Gaia Anderson consists of linen & terry generated by the hotel’s 122 guestrooms, spa facility, heated pool, conference center and restaurant. It runs about 1700 pounds a month. The hotel’s goods are processed at the 750 sq. ft. OPL with the help of two 60-pound B&C high-speed extract washers and two 75-pound B&C high efficiency dryers.
The ozo has contributed to a healthier and more worker friendly environment in the laundryas a whole, says Goodwin.
“Our laundry is always cool and dry and we don’t have to deal with high humidity and hot linens coming out of the washers,” she says. Further, the reduced wash times mean work proceeds at an efficient pace and the staff stays busy which maximizes production costs and time.
“We are fortunate to be a part of such a socially and environmentally conscious team who share such a clear vision for a green future,” says Shalizi. “It is fulfilling knowing that we are doing our part to help createa sustainable future.”
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張文毅的蓋亞王國與綠色人生文‧朱立群 圖．張文毅提供
「綠色旅館」是啥模樣？讀者請把想像視野拉到太平洋東岸的美國加州看看：沙加緬度河河畔的橡樹林裡樹影搖曳；初秋候鳥飛過湖面，湖裡有天鵝嬉戲；身披褐色的兩層樓房參差在樹林裡，讓人分不清林與樓，哪個是前景、哪個是背景……
影像最終定格在樓房門面上「Gaia Anderson Hotel」（蓋亞安德森旅館）幾個大字，這是旅美華人張文毅的綠色旅館王國，此刻他正朝天鵝揮手問好。
張文毅來自台灣、現年64歲，是美國首座環保旅館創辦人，近年在加州打造一系列強調環保節能的旅館而引起注意。今年8月他特地返台與國內飯店業者分享他的「綠色奇蹟」。
張文毅的環保旅館都以「Gaia」（蓋亞）命名，希臘文原意為「大地之母」，亦即生命的源頭，或如張文毅所詮釋的「人與自然永續發展、和諧共存」。為了確保理念落實，他親自參與旅館設計規劃，從建材挑選、建物美學、施工過程，到實際經營，期許降低對自然環境的傷害，目標是把旅館打造成對環境生態友善的「綠建築」。
他相信，在這氣候變遷、地球暖化加劇的時代，「蓋亞」之所以成功，意謂民眾的環保意識已經萌芽，且是人類「共同意識」的浮現。
鮮為人知的是，張文毅自1970年離台赴美求學、定居、發展事業，至今三十多年一路走來，可謂「看盡美國商人社會現實的嘴臉」。「蓋亞」不僅代表他個人的「綠色實踐」，更是「與美國『重商社會』的和解」。對他而言，追求經濟利益與對環保的堅持，也從相剋走向相生。
童年家庭教育埋下綠色種子
張文毅，1944年出生於台中縣龍井鄉，那是終戰的前一年，當時台灣的物資極為匱乏。少年張文毅生在9口之家，上有3個姊姊，下有2弟1妹，他永遠無法忘記每餐飯前母親用台語叮嚀：「扒乎清去，才u娶貓某」（意思是：飯菜吃乾淨，才不會娶到麻臉婆）。雖然父親是會計師，但家裡食指浩繁，身為長男的張文毅體貼父母辛苦，掉在地上的飯粒也要撿起來吃，不能浪費。
在那貧窮的年代，台灣雖有美援的挹注，但「沒飯吃」仍是再平常不過的事。張文毅班上最要好的同學每日午餐便當盒裡只裝著一顆乾掉的梅子，用餐時間常蜷縮在校園角落，藉著靜臥來減低飢餓感。眼見此景，讓張文毅更加珍惜自己有飯可吃。
也是在那匱乏的年代，張文毅初次見識資本主義「浪費之惡」。小學5年級一個周末午後，睡夢中的張文毅被父親的狂吼嚇醒，父親發瘋似地狂叫：「大家都沒飯吃了，美國人還把小麥倒進太平洋裡！」原來，美國政府當時為了平抑小麥價格，不顧許多開發中國家人民仍受缺糧之苦，仍一意孤行以「銷毀」手段來維持糧食市場的供需。
「我深刻體會美國資本主義毫不在乎其他地區人民的生存處境，」張文毅義憤填膺地說。對此，他牢記電影《小婦人》裡的名言：「像海鷗一樣，倔強、喜風暴，夢想飛越海洋。」這句話，以及父母的影響，像鑿刀一樣，形塑了張文毅的性格。
倔強、喜風暴，夢想飛越海洋
越是充滿艱鉅挑戰的地方，越是吸引張文毅前往。海洋學院（現海洋大學）航運管理系畢業後，痛恨資本主義「唯金錢是尚」的張文毅決定跨海到美國社會闖蕩。他改唸行銷，尤其研究「利基行銷」的門道，試圖從中探索西方社會遵行的「賺錢邏輯」。不入此行，難諳此道，自此，他一頭栽進建築營造與旅館經營的事業。
他先是加盟知名連鎖旅館Holiday Inn（假日飯店）。這段經驗，讓他親身體驗資本家「為了賺錢可以吃人不吐骨頭」的狠辣作風。
「連鎖企業很虛偽，雖然宣稱加盟會員是他們的『親密伙伴』，事實上卻常在契約內暗藏刀劍，但我不是被嚇大的！」張文毅表達心中不滿。有一次，假日飯店總部要求針對連鎖店飯店管理電腦系統額外收取12萬美元費用，否則將拿回授權。此舉讓張文毅極為不滿，認為對方欺人太甚。他與妻子因此毅然退出加盟，並認為那是他們一生中所做最好的決定。
兩人決定改用當地社區的名字，以「布洛利飯店」之名自行創業，不但每年省下高額權利金，並在飯店內舉辦社區學童徵文比賽，將商業旅館經營得頗有人文理想，很受社區民眾歡迎，被認為有助於當地學童的教育。
有一次參賽得到首獎的是一名墨西哥裔小朋友，他高興地告訴張文毅這是他生平收過最棒的禮物。張文毅認為，企業不能只為了牟利，還須參與、回饋給社區居民。
加州17號公路，一杯水的綠色啟示
1999年是張文毅「綠色人生」的重要轉捩點。那年他在加州臨海城市聖塔庫茲一家海鮮餐廳與家人共度他的55歲生日，當他詢問餐廳為何沒有供應開水，侍者竟說：「因為缺水，所以開水要另外點送。」張文毅在這段突兀的對話裡頓悟出一點道理，飯後他開車走在加州17號公路上，開始思考資源不足的問題。
「除了必須提出要求才能喝到一杯水，我們還能做些什麼？」這個發自內心的提問，勾連出他對童年物資缺乏的回憶。他當下決定從自身做起。當晚回到家，他一改睡前淋浴8分鐘的習慣，縮短為2分鐘，厲行節水、節能直到現在。
他說，「地球是一個整體，這裡多點浪費，那裡就多點匱缺；少點無謂的浪費，就多點資源！」尤其讀到保羅‧霍肯（Paul Hawken）在《商業生態學》裡所寫的一句話，更讓他深受感動。那句話是：「當生態遭到破壞的時候，企業是『唯一』足以翻轉地球環境與避免社會走向墮敗的機構！」
綠的美學與倫理學
深受啟發之餘，張文毅相信企業應與環境結盟，創造彼此雙贏的機會，他立刻想到從本身經營的旅館業著手，並找到知名綠建築設計大師萊特（Frank Lloyd Wright）的門生牟尼格（Mickey Muennig）合作，兩人一拍即合，想在矽谷灣區的半月灣設計一座波浪形玻璃屋頂的旅館，白天陽光從天頂灑入，室內不用開燈，建物造型更與周遭海天連成一體。
張文毅對此計畫很滿意，讓他想起法國作曲家德布西的交響詩《海》，並深刻體會德國文豪歌德所說「凝止的音樂即是建築」的意念。他讚嘆：「這就是中國人所說的『天人合一』啊！」
然而，其他投資者認為節能建築將大幅提高飯店營造與管理成本，他們反對半月灣的計畫，全案因此胎死腹中。
但這次經驗，讓張文毅更加堅定要以綠色旅館實踐「以環保結合道德與美學」的理念。他與牟尼格繼續合作，促成後續「蓋亞」的建成。張文毅說，從此，他對旅館的概念，與假日飯店、希爾頓飯店等大型商業化樣板旅館，有了180度的不同。他說，利潤（profit）是傳統飯店的最高經營原則，但他較在乎的反而是「人」（people）與「地球」（planet），這也才是企業社會責任的體現。
綠色資本打破賠錢魔咒
路不轉，人轉！張文毅把他的「綠色基地」從半月灣轉至那霸谷，首次實現他的綠色美夢。他在2006年推出全美首座環保旅館──蓋亞那霸谷旅館，被美國綠建築委員會評選為全球第一個「環保節能設計領先」（LEED）金質認證建築，更於啟用7個月後開始轉虧為盈，理想與現實都能兼顧。
斥資1,850萬美元興建的「蓋亞二號」則在安德森郡落腳，今年5月開幕，平均住房率約7成，營運3個月就已開始獲利，讓當地其他旅館業者大呼不可思議。當多數人將環保建築與高成本、不受市場歡迎、賠錢等負面字眼劃上等號時，張文毅用「蓋亞」證明：環保可以兼顧財務收支平衡，絕非燒錢不見底的黑洞。
蓋亞的環保措施包括：建材來自方圓500英里內生產的商業木材，杜絕砍伐天然林木，並節省長程運輸過程中所衍生的能源浪費；加州當地陽光充沛，建物內部由導光管採集天光，並分送至大廳與客房，白天完全不需開燈；屋頂架設隔熱板與客房溫度調節系統，以減少冷氣機的使用，並平衡各客房之間的溫差，幾乎室溫都能控制在華氏72度（攝氏22度）左右。
用水方面，衛浴採低量沖水設備。一般馬桶每次沖水用掉2加侖的水，蓋亞的馬桶只需0.9加侖，比市售省水馬桶還少一半。資源創造、節約與回收必須一起搭配，因此蓋亞回收、淨化後的廢水可用來澆花，或重新注入旅館旁的天鵝湖再利用，總用水量可以節省40％。
這些節能措施，每個月可幫張文毅省下一半的水費及1/4的電費，年度水電費可以省下5至7萬美元，證明環保建築能夠省能，也能省錢。
仲介「綠色主義」
對張文毅而言，蓋亞同時身負啟發旅客環保意識的教育使命。他在旅館內推出一系列貼心且具巧思的設計，頗受旅客推崇。
例如，《生態企業家》的專欄作家米克爾曾撰文介紹，蓋亞旅館游泳池採用生理食鹽水，沒有氯氣傷害人體的問題；浴室盥洗沐浴乳採擠壓式大罐裝填，用多少、補多少，可避免小罐瓶裝衍生的浪費。此外，自由作家賴寇今年7月為文讚賞蓋亞的「樸門農藝」（permaculture）結合了「永續」（permanent）與「文化」（culture）的精神，將景觀設計與周遭環境相結合並賦予人文的特色。她稱讚蓋亞具有「寧靜與安祥的內在。」
張文毅熟讀中外名著，他還突發奇想，把蘇軾〈赤壁賦〉、梭羅《湖濱散記》等自然書寫的文字做成卡片，免費放在客房供旅客留做紀念。
此外，蓋亞每間客房都以動物、花草、貝殼命名，房內牆上貼有相關介紹圖片、文字，希望藉此喚醒旅客的保育意識。
張文毅樂觀地說：「綠的『意識』同時也是深埋人類文明裡的『無意識』。文明發展至此，人類面臨全球暖化的威脅，不需任何指引，覺醒的人也會自動走向環保之途。」
小時候痛恨美式資本主義的張文毅，60歲以後在美國用他的綠色環保理念，顛覆了資本主義的賺錢邏輯。對他來說，這象徵他與美國社會的和解，以及他所堅持的理念的勝利。
「環保旅館是我餘生唯一的選擇，沒有妥協的餘地！」繼那霸谷與安德森兩地的環保旅館之後，此刻的張文毅正在加州北部墨色德郡興建第3座「蓋亞」，在他的綠色王國裡，他要讓大地之母生生不息。
我國綠建築評鑑9大指標 / 美國綠建築評鑑6大指標☆基地綠化
★基地保水
☆水資源使用效率
★日常節能
☆二氧化碳減量
★廢棄物減量
☆污水垃圾改善
★生物多樣性
☆ 室內環境品質 / ☆ 基地永續性
★ 水資源使用效率
☆能源與環境
★ 材料與資源
☆ 室內環境品質
★創新設計過程
2008年10月第080頁台灣光華智庫
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