Final Review
Chapter 7
What is strata?
Is the fossil record complete? Why or why not?
Is it easy to become a fossil? Why or why not?
What is taphonomy?
Millions of years ago there was one supercontinent called ______. This has broken apart because of ______.
What is the Law of Superposition?
What is the difference between relative and absolute dating?
What are examples of each?
What is an index fossil? Give an example as well.
Explain Radiocarbon Dating, including half-life and what it is used on:
Explain Radiopotassium Dating, including half-life and what it is used on:
Where are humans placed in the ape phylogeny? Why?
Has our climate always been the same? How did it change over millions of years?
Chapter 8
What is the Arboreal Hypothesis?
What is the Visual Predation Hypothesis?
What is the Angiosperm Radiation Hypothesis?
The earliest possible primates are called proprimates or ______. The video classified them as primate because they had ______.
The two groups of euprimates are ______and ______. ______is ancestral to Prosimians and ______is ancestral to Anthropoids.
______are early anthropoids with a 2-1-3-3 dental formula, so they are ancestors of ______.
______is an example of Propliopithecids and is called the “dental ape” because of a ______molar.
______is an ape ancestor, but did not knuckle-walk.
______is an ape from Europe.
______is an ape from Asia that is the ancestor of modern orangutans.
______is the largest primate to ever live.
Chapter 9
What is the difference between a hominid and hominin?
What are 5 characteristics of bipedal locomotion?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Hominin’s had ______canines for chewing. Did they have strong or weak chewing muscles?
What is Darwin’s Hunting Hypothesis? Is it completely correct?
What are some reasons being bipedal is advantageous?
What are some cons?
What is Owen Lovejoy’s Provisioning Hypothesis? Is there evidence for it?
______is the first biped. His nickname is ______.
______means “Original Man” and is only known from femurs.
______is our “great-grandmother” and is directly ancestral to Australopithecines. Her nickname is ______.
______was found by Raymond Dart and showed that bipedalism came before big brains. Its nickname is ______.
______is the most well-known species of this group and has two examples: ______and ______. They were completely bidpeal. What did their footprints look like?
Why would they still have long, curved fingers?
______is a side-branch that went extinct. It had specific adaptations for tough foods, such as:
What are anatomical differences between Australopithecines and Paranthropus?
Chapter 10
Where did human ancestors originate? (what continent?)
Three anatomical trends in the genus Homo are ______skull, ______teeth, and ______canine.
______is the first to use stone tools. His nickname is ______. His tool type is ______of the Lower Paleolithic.
How did tools help Homo exploit their environment?
______began in Africa and migrated to Asia. They have a unique anatomical feature on their skull called a ______. They lived for more than ______years. Their tool type is ______and an example is handaxes.
How were the anatomies of habilis and erectus different?
______is the complete skeleton of erectus that shows modern anatomy.
Who was the first to use fire? How did it help them survive?
Were habilis or erectus hunters?
Chapter 11
What are anatomical traits that are unique to modern humans?
How do these differ from traits in archaic Homo sapiens?
What are the two hypotheses explaining where humans began and why we’re the only species left?
a.
b.
Which one is supported by evidence and what is the evidence?
Who are the archaic H. sapiens species?
______is found in Europe and used ______tools. They did the first burial, known from a ______found with the body.
______are found in Europe and Middle East and used ______tools, including hafted spears. A unique anatomical feature is ______, along with ______noses and ______bodies adapted for extreme cold.
Were Neanderthals intelligent?
Could they speak?
What type of food did Neanderthals hunt and what technique did they use?
How do we know Neanderthals also buried their dead?
______spread around the world, relied on technology, and had the most complex weapons, art, and culture. The best example is ______, from Europe.
______is only 18,000 years old, but is very small with a small brain. His nickname is ______. What are some possible explanations for this?
What happened to animal species as humans migrated around the globe?
Chapter 12
Are humans still evolving?
What happened after the domestication of crops and animals that changed the human population?
Pros:
Cons:
Has domestication and agriculture made humans healthier?
Why do modern humans have crooked teeth?
What types of diseases were found after agriculture?
What are Harris Lines?
Enamel Hypoplasias?
What types of diseases do most Americans die from today? What are they a result of?
Why is global warming a concern for living things?
How can anthropology help solve some of these urgent problems?