I vocabulary and structure
1. You would be ____ a risk to let your child go to school by himself.
A. omitting B. attaching C. affording D. running
2. He is always here. It's ____ you've never met him.
A. unique B. strange C. rare D. peculiar
3. There has been a great increase in retail sales, ____﹖
A. does there B. isn't there C. hasn't there D. isn't it
4. We'd like to ____ a table for five for dinner this evening.
A. preserve B. reserve C. retain D. sustain
5. Although a teenager, Fred could resist ____ what to do and what not to do.
A. being told B. telling C. to be told D. to tell
6. The European Union countries were once worried that they would not have ____ supplies of petroleum.
A. proficient B. efficient C. potential D. sufficient
7. In fact, Peter would rather have left for San Francisco than ____ in New York..
A. to stay B. stayed C. staying D. having stayed
8. He soon received promotion, for his superiors realized that he was a man of considerable ____.
A. ability B. future C. possibility D. opportunity
9. Britain has the highest ____ of road traffic in the world—over 60 cars for every mile of road.
A. popularity B. density C. intensity D. prosperity
10. How is it ____ your roommate's request and yours are identical﹖
A. in all B. at best C. for all D. by far
11. In my opinion, he's ____ the most imaginative of all the contemporary poets.
A. in all B. at best C. for all D. by far
12. He didn't have time to read the report word for word; he just ____ it.
A. skimmed B. observed C. overlooked D. glanced
13. The leader of the expedition ____ everyone to follow his example.
A. promoted B. reinforced C. sparked D. inspired
14. What a lovely party! It's worth ____ all my life.
A. remembering B. to remember C. to be remembered D. being remembered
15. Who would you rather ____ with you, George or me?
A. going B. to go C. have gone D. went
16. The ____ goal of the book is to help bridge the gap between research and teaching, particularly between researchers and teachers.
A. intensive B. concise C. joint D. overall
17. The owner and editor of the newspaper ____ the conference.
A. were attending B. were to attend C. is to attend D. are to attend
18. We left the meeting, there obviously ____ no point in staying.
A. were B. being C. to be D. having
19. Their products are frequently overpriced and ____ in quality.
A. influential B. inferior C. superior D. subordinate
20. The neighborhood boys like to play basketball on that ____ lot.
A. valid B. vain C. vacant D. vague
II．
decide on refer to provide process responsible forpurchase data employ limit risk
1. Let us hope his research _____ the evidence we need.
2 You shouldn’t underestimate ____of the enterprise.
3 Very little ____ is available, so we have to do more investigations.
4. Reforming the education system will be a difficult ____.
5. A drunken man cannot be fully _____ his actions.
6. Employees are encouraged to ____ shares in the firm.
7. There’s a ___ to how much I’m prepared to spend.
8. She is in a bad mood, because she ____ for six months now.
9. What do these numbers ____
10. Have you ____ where to camp
III. Reading Comprehension
Passage1.
Here are a few more example s of gesture differences. An angler in Britain will demonstrate the size of a fish he has caught by holding his two hands, palms facing each other, the appropriate distance apart in front of him, but an angler from certain parts of Africa will measure off the size along his left arm with his right hand. In Britain the gesture to indicate the numeral “one” is made by holding up the index finger, but in Switzerland it is the thumb which is held up. Some peoples point at objects with the finger, others by protruding the lips. The gesture for “ come her” is made tin Britain with the index finger, which is held, pointing upwards, at eye level and flexed towards the body; in Greece, the hand and forearm describe an arc away form the body toward the ground; in Egypt the hand is held at arm’s length, palm downwards, and the fingers are then flexed. ( it is difficult, as these examples show, to describe gestures clearly in words) in this last case the difference between the movements is very considerable, and the meaning of the Greek or the Egyptian gesture may be taken to be precisely the opposite to that intended, by those unfamiliar with it. In fact the very natural misinterpretation of such a gesture had disastrous consequences on one occasion. Several years ago, some European sailors were swimming, some distance from their ship, near a fortified coastal area in the Eastern Mediterranean. Soldiers on guard, seeing unidentified people in a prohibited part of the sea and wishing to interrogate them, shouted to them to come nearer, and made at the same time their usual “come here” gesture. The sailors did not understand the language but took the gesture to mean “go away”, and, realizing they might be near coastal defenses, swam off. The result was that the guards, now highly suspicious, opened fire with tragic effects.
Many other examples of different gestural expressions for the same idea could be given. It is also possible to find example so the same gestural expression being used for different ideas, and THIS TOO MAY PRODUCE AWAKWARD FAILURES OF COMMUNICATION. FOR INSTANCE, AN Englishman speaking in public would find it very natural if he wished to request his audience to be silent, to hold up both his hands on a level with his head, with the palms facing outwards. If he were to do this in Greece , however, it would cause deep offence to his audience, for this same gesture in that country is a most insulting one.
Reading Comprehension
Write “T” for true, “F” for false or “ NM” for not mentioned.
( ) 1. Some peoples point at things with the index finger, others by sticking out the tongue.
( ) 2. In Greece , the gesture for “come here” is made with the hand being held at arm’s length, palm downwards, and the fingers are then flexed.
( ) 3. It is obvious that to describe gestures clearly in words is rater difficult.
( ) 4. Sometimes, a gesture is so simple that everybody understands it without any difficulty.
( ) 5. Sometimes, the misinterpretation of a gesture might lead to disastrous consequences.
( ) 6. The soldiers on guard opened fire because they thought the sailors were the enemy spies and it immediately led to a battle.
( ) 7. Different gestural expressions can mean the same idea, to which only a few examples can be given.
( ) 8. Sometimes, the same gestural expression may be used for different ideas and this may also result in failures of communication.
( ) 9. Understanding body language is very useful not only in the past, but also at present.
( ) 10. Compared with Greeks and Egyptians, English people seem to rely more on body language to communicate with others.
Passage 2
For many young people lucky enough to get a job after leaving school or college, the biggest shock of the transition to work is how few holidays they get.
Having spent their academic years working an eight or nine-month year, it can be depressing to realize that for the rest of their working lives they will be able to take only four weeks off a year.
Many would jump at the chance to take three months off ---and that’s exactly what happened at Virgin Atlantic, the airline run by Richard Branson. He believes the new initiative could help to reduce unemployment.
Faced last autumn with the recession and with its failure to acquire more flight slots out of HeathrowAirport, the company had to consider redundancies. Mr. Branson wrote to staff saying that cutting back on jobs was “something I have never wanted to do” instead he invited employees to take up to six months unpaid leave and to participate in a job sharing scheme.
The immediate crisis passed but the idea of a shorter working year took off. When the company later asked of 300volunteers to take three months unpaid leave, 450 put heir names forward. Mr. Branson said:” To be fair and shard it around, in some cases we said that people could only take six weeks.”
Most of the volunteers were cabin crew but other staff, including secretaries and pilots, tool advantage of the offer as well. “And when they came back from their bread… they definitely seemed to enjoy work more,” he said.
The company tends to recruit and train its own staff from scratch. As Mr. Branson said: “If you’ve been at college or on the dole, working for only nine months still makes you a lot better off financially than you were before.” He believes there is a broader social benefit to be achieved. “If you are only taking on people for nine months, that will enable others who would otherwise have no work or be living on the dole to have a chance too.”
And he goes further. : I think this should be the basis of a pattern across the whole European Community for the first few years of working life.”
Nor was a shorter working year only allocable to young people. “ If older women and men with children can afford it because one partner’s working 12months and the other nine, I think a lot of people would like to earn slightly less and be able to spend more time with their children,:” Mr. Branson said.
This year the scheme is on offer again, although not over the busy summer period. “All the people who took off last year would like to do so again,” Mr. Branson said. But its realization depended on whether the company could recruit enough people to allow 400-500 existing staff to take three months off.
The company was considering whether the arrangement should become a permanent feature. Mr. Branson said:” For new people being taken on in most departments, we’re thinking about making nine-month working a standard contract.”
Write : T” for true, “F” for false or “NM” for not mentioned.
( ) 1. After leaving college and getting a job, many young people are shocked at how little money they earn.
( ) 2. Those young people used to enjoy three or four months of vacation before they work, so they are not used to taking only four weeks off.
( )3. Richard Branson is head of the airline Virgin Atlantic.
( )4. The company had to consider firing some workers because they do not work hard enough.
( )5. Mr. Branson hated to fire employees, so he invited them to take up sin months paid leave and to take part in a job sharing plan.
( ) 6. After the crisis, the idea of a shorter working year continued to be popular.
( )7. Branson’s new route to more jobs benefits not only the men staff but also the women staff.
( ) 8. It was not true that the shorter working year was only applicable to the young.
( ) 9. The realization of the job sharing scheme depended on whether the company had enough staff to work while others took three months off.
( ) 10. Mr. Branson’s nine-month scheme would be surely spread in and outside his company.
IV. Fill the gaps with the words given below.
It is very easy to think of a number of products which are familiar to us as (1)… brands which we recognize, no matter where we are in the world. (2) …advertising, product placement (as in the latest James Bond film) and energetic marketing campaigns (3)…. that the names of Levi, Ray Ban, Harley Davidson, Lotus, Sony and Cole are now familiar house hold names.
But there is one (4) … which is well on the way to classic marketing status which achieved its (5)…. Market position in an unconventional way—Haagen-Daza ice cream. Haagen Dazs was (6) … by Ciro in 1961 inNew York when sales of their ice cream had slipped back due to increased competition. The company decided to (7).
A new product with a finer flavour and texture, smaller pack sizes and an invented, exotic sounding name. The price was deliberately set high to appeal to the luxury end of the market. And instead of spending a (8) … on advertising to reach the consumer, news of the desirability of the product was soon spread by word of mouth through the chattering classes.
Haagen Dzs appeared in up- market locations promoting an image of (9) …. Luxury. Specialist ice cream; dipping stores’ were opened to give people a chance to (10) …. Something which could later be bought in a supermarket. By the early 1980’s, Haagen Dazs had become America ’s leading super-premium ice cream. It was sold to the (11) … Pillsbury and later taken over again by the British company Grand Metropolitan. Money was then pumped into advertising to place the product nest to other brand(12) …. Such as fast cars, jewellery and diamond watches. Semi-erotic (13) … were also used to (14) …. The product’s sex appeal. The rest is history. Haagen Dazs has now joined the (15) of the super-brands, and is familiar to us whether we are in Tokyo, Paris or Moscow.
1. a. winning b. chief c. leading
2. a. Combative b. Aggressive c. Bellicose
3. a. practice b. assure c. ensure
4. a. brand b. make c. line
5. a. conspicuous b. prominent c. noticeable
6. a. evolved b. developed c. expanded
7. a launch b. lunch c. float
8. a. ransom b. fortune c. mint
9. a. ashamed b. unashamed c. shameless
10. a. sample b. test c. try on
11. a. multi-cultural b. multi- talented c. multi-national
12. a . idols b. figures c. icons
13. a. pictures b. snaps c. images
14. a. promote b. encourage c. hold up
15. a. files b. strata c. ranks
V. Translation
1.那个孩子梦想着长大以后当一名企业家。（ grow up ）
2.一个商人在成功之前必要经历许多困难和严峻考验。 （ go through ）
3.如果你要申请某一公司的工作，需要先写一封求职信。（ apply for ）
4.财务部门的预算报告后来证明是不切合实际的。 ( turn out)
5.自从大学毕业进公司以来， 他的工作进步很快。 ( get ahead )
VI. Writing
The staff in your office decided to spend holidays together this year. While reading the news you are attracted by the advertisement of the Grand Palazzo Hotel in Italy . No one in your office has ever been to Italy . So you want your secretary to contact the hotel through telephone.
. Write a short message to Ms. Emily Malan, your secretary.
. Suggest the Visit to Italy .
. Give the hotel telephone number to her.
. Ask her to contact with that hotel.
. Write 30-40 words on your Answer Sheet.