Multiple-Choice Questions

Chapter 6: Ocean Chemistry and Composition

  1. The residence time of water in the oceans is approximately what?
  2. 350 years
  3. 1,000 years
  4. 3,500 years
  5. 10,000 years
  6. A line of constant salinity is named by what term?
  7. isohaline
  8. halocline
  9. salinopleth
  10. lysocline
  11. What principle says that we can measure chlorine levels in the ocean and then know the concentration of sodium in that area?
  12. Brahe’s law
  13. Nansen’s law of constancy
  14. Law of constant proportions
  15. Isohalinity principle
  16. Which of the following is not a method of desalination?
  17. Reverse osmosis
  18. Distillation
  19. electrodialysis
  20. electroporation
  21. What is the name for the depth range at which salinity changes rapidly?
  22. Pycnocline
  23. Halocline
  24. Lysocline
  25. Thermocline
  26. The top two dissolved constituents of sea water are?
  27. Calcium and chlorine
  28. Chlorine and sodium
  29. Sodium and calcium
  30. Calcium and sulfate
  31. What is the saltiest major body of water in the world?
  32. Dead Sea
  33. Great Salt Lake
  34. Red Sea
  35. Weddell Sea
  36. Which of the following is not a major source of salts in the ocean?
  37. Atmospheric precipitation
  38. Weathering of rocks
  39. Volcanoes
  40. Hydrothermal vents
  41. Which of the following will increase the salinity of a particular area of water?
  42. Thawing ofice
  43. Precipitation
  44. River input
  45. Freezing of water
  46. Brackish water has a salinity closest to which of the following values?
  47. 35 ppt
  48. 17 ppt
  49. 3.5 ppt
  50. 1.7 ppt
  51. Of the following, where is the pycnocline most prominent?
  52. 23.5° N and 23.5° S
  53. equator
  54. 58° N and 58° S
  55. poles
  56. Fertilizer runoff with which of the following nutrients is most likely to help a plant grow in the ocean?
  57. Carbonate
  58. Nitrate
  59. Silicate
  60. Phosphate
  61. Which of the following is an example of a non-conservative property?
  62. Dissolved oxygen
  63. Chlorinity
  64. Salinity
  65. Sodium levels
  1. What is an isotherm?
  2. Line of constant pressure
  3. line of constant temperature
  4. line of rapid change in pressure
  5. line of rapid change in temperature
  6. Of the following, in which environment is calcium carbonate most soluble?
  7. Deep, acidic
  8. Shallow, acidic
  9. Deep, basic
  10. Shallow, basic
  11. Where is CCD found?
  12. Between 30 and 45 meters
  13. Between 300 and 450 meters
  14. Between 800 and 1000 meters
  15. Between 3000 and 4500 meters
  16. Which of the following isn’t a source or sink for calcium carbonate?
  17. Precipitation from water
  18. Weathering of limestone and calcite
  19. Terrogenous sediments
  20. Coccolithophorids
  21. What causes pancake ice?
  22. Acid rain.
  23. Wave and wind action.
  24. Hungry polar bears
  25. Aunt Jemima
  26. What is the term for ice masses formed by pancake ice combining? Ice floes
  27. What is the maximum thickness of pack ice? 2m
  28. What kind of ice connects land to pack ice?
  29. Pancake ice
  30. Polar ice
  31. Fast ice
  32. Iceberg
  33. What is the difference between a castle berg and a tabular berg?
  34. Castle = tall & thin, tabular = large & flat
  35. Castle = large & flat, tabular = tall & thin
  36. Castle = tall & flat, tabular = large & thin
  37. Castle = large & thin, tabular = tall & flat
  1. What is the average pH of the Ocean?
  2. 8.7
  3. 8.2
  4. 6.5
  5. 7.6
  6. Which chemical is most responsible for the ocean to be basic?
  7. carbonate
  8. Hydrogen Sulfide
  9. Bicarbonate
  10. Calcium Carbonate
  11. Freshwater is slightly acidic due to what compound?
  12. Hydroxide
  13. Kainic Acid
  14. Carbonic Acid
  15. Bicarbonate
  16. Which law states that more gases can be dissolved at high pressures?
  17. Charles Law
  18. Henry’s Law
  19. Beauforts Law
  20. Daltons Law of Partial Pressures
  21. At which intervals does the Oxygen Minimum Layer Occur?
  22. 200-600m
  23. 3000-4000m
  24. 500-2000m
  25. 150-1500m
  26. Why are oxygen concentrations greater below 1500m?
  27. The greater the depth the more oxygen the water molecules will be able to take in
  28. There are less producers here producing oxygen
  29. There are less consumers at these depths
  30. The hydrothermal vents create a circulation current that takes the Oxygen away
  31. What kind of water has low amounts of Oxygen?
  32. Anoxic
  33. Non-oxidic
  34. Peroxic
  35. Hypoxic
  36. What is the name given to the depth where there is enough Oxygen to support aerobic life?
  37. Vitality Depth
  38. Viva Depth
  39. Critical Depth
  40. Successive Depth
  41. What kind of wavelengths go the deepest in the Ocean
  42. Answer: Short Wavelength
  43. At 150m what is the approximate percentage of light passing to this depth?
  44. 10
  45. 5
  46. 1
  47. 0
  48. What word defines the decrease in light intensity due to the absorption and scattering of particles?
  49. Attenuation
  50. Proclivity
  51. Phototrophication
  52. Clarity
  53. If the water has high productivity, then the water color will most likely be:
  54. Brownish
  55. Yellowish-greenish
  56. Bluish-greenish
  57. Dark blue
  1. Approximately how much faster in water does sound travel compared to in air?
  2. 5 x faster than in air
  3. 10 x faster than in air
  4. 12 x faster than in air
  5. 16 x faster than in air
  6. At what depth is the SOFAR channel found?
  7. 2000 m
  8. 1000 m
  9. 500 m
  10. 5000 m
  11. Sound is primarily used by which order of animals to communicate?
  12. Caudata
  13. Antiodactyla
  14. Chiroptera
  15. Cetacea
  16. What property of water is hugely responsible for mild coastal climates?
  17. Heat Capacity
  18. Latent Heat
  19. Hydrogen Bonding
  20. Cohesion
  21. Capillarity consists of which two water properties:
  22. Hydrogen Bonding and specific heat
  23. Specific heat and Latent heat
  24. Adhesion and Latent heat
  25. Adhesion and Cohesion
  26. What property of water is responsible for taking heat from low – latitude areas and putting it into high latitude areas?
  27. Latent heat
  28. High specific heat
  29. Adhesion
  30. Hydrogen bonding
  31. For approximately how many meters in depth does pressure in water rise one atmosphere?
  32. 15 m
  33. 5 m
  34. 10 m
  35. 20 m
  36. A line of constant pressure is called a:
  37. thermocline
  38. isotherm
  39. isobar
  40. isocline
  1. Density is NOT affected by which of the following?
  2. Temperature
  3. pH
  4. pressure
  5. salinity
  6. Which of the following does NOT describe pycnocline?
  7. Non existent at low latitudes
  8. Depth where density changes rapidly
  9. Prominent in tropics
  10. Hard to move water at this depth
  11. When is sea water most dense?
  12. -2 °C
  13. Right above -2 °C
  14. 0 °C
  15. Right above 0 °C
  16. When is freshwater most dense?
  17. 4 °C
  18. Right above 4 °C
  19. 0 °C
  20. Right above 0 °C
  21. What is in situ density?
  22. Density of life forms at a certain depth
  23. Density of chemicals at a certain depth
  24. Density of water at 400 m
  25. Density of water at a certain depth
  26. Which of the following is NOT a way heat is transferred?
  27. Conduction
  28. Condensation
  29. Radiation
  30. Convection
  31. Heat is…
  32. conducted in water much slower than in air
  33. conducted in water much faster than in air
  34. radiated in water much slower than in air
  35. radiated in water much faster than in air