Supplementary information for

Diversity of protists and bacteria determines predation performance and stability

Muhammad Saleem1+, Ingo Fetzer1#, Hauke Harms1 and Antonis Chatzinotas

The supplementary file includes detailed reports of the statistical tests used in all figures (main and supplementary figures) of this paper.

Detailed Statistical Report of Figure 1

(Fig 1a) General Regression Analysis:

1. Bacterial Species Richness versus Poterioochromonas sp. production (cells/ml)

Regression Equation

Richness = 2.46722 + 3.00889e-006 Poterioochromonas sp. production(cells/ml)

Coefficients

Term Coef SE Coef T P

Constant 2.46722 0.132451 18.6275 0.000

Pot. production (cells/ml) 0.00000 0.000002 1.4732 0.144

Summary of Model

S = 1.03934 R-Sq = 2.33% R-Sq(adj) = 1.26%

PRESS = 106.610 R-Sq(pred) = -5.93%

Analysis of Variance

Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P

Regression 1 2.344 2.3444 2.34445 2.17033 0.144147

Och production(cells/ml) 1 2.344 2.3444 2.34445 2.17033 0.144147

Error 91 98.301 98.3007 1.08023

Lack-of-Fit 46 55.217 55.2174 1.20038 1.25378 0.224721

Pure Error 45 43.083 43.0833 0.95741

Total 92 100.645

Fits and Diagnostics for Unusual Observations

Obs Richness Fit SE Fit Residual St Resid

1 1 3.33378 0.522459 -2.33378 -2.59748 R X

79 4 2.94563 0.270178 1.05437 1.05058 X

83 4 3.33378 0.522459 0.66622 0.74150 X

91 5 2.58758 0.107877 2.41242 2.33372 R

92 5 2.53041 0.113041 2.46959 2.39030 R

93 5 2.53642 0.111877 2.46358 2.38418 R

R denotes an observation with a large standardized residual.

X denotes an observation whose X value gives it large leverage.

2. Bacterial Species Richness versus Acanthamoeba sp. production (cells/ml)

Regression Equation

Richness = 1.79773 + 1.89071e-005 Acanthamoeba sp. production cell No/ml

Coefficients

Term Coef SE Coef T P

Constant 1.79773 0.241567 7.44194 0.000

Ac cell No/ml 0.00002 0.000005 3.57621 0.001

Summary of Model

S = 0.984737 R-Sq = 12.32% R-Sq(adj) = 11.36%

PRESS = 92.1872 R-Sq(pred) = 8.40%

Analysis of Variance

Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P

Regression 1 12.402 12.4019 12.4019 12.7893 0.000561

Ac cell No/ml 1 12.402 12.4019 12.4019 12.7893 0.000561

Error 91 88.243 88.2433 0.9697

Lack-of-Fit 44 39.060 39.0600 0.8877 0.8483 0.707944

Pure Error 47 49.183 49.1833 1.0465

Total 92 100.645

Fits and Diagnostics for Unusual Observations

Obs Richness Fit SE Fit Residual St Resid

31 2 3.40483 0.252073 -1.40483 -1.47578 X

36 2 3.53718 0.286301 -1.53718 -1.63149 X

49 3 3.49937 0.276449 -0.49937 -0.52836 X

52 3 3.61281 0.306151 -0.61281 -0.65476 X

53 3 3.40483 0.252073 -0.40483 -0.42528 X

85 4 3.49937 0.276449 0.50063 0.52969 X

91 5 2.61073 0.102458 2.38927 2.43954 R

92 5 2.62964 0.103027 2.37036 2.42038 R

93 5 2.53511 0.102903 2.46489 2.51688 R

R denotes an observation with a large standardized residual.

X denotes an observation whose X value gives it large leverage.

3. Bacterial Species Richness versus Tetrahymena sp. production (cells/ml)

Regression Equation

Richness = 1.65257 + 7.96378e-006 Tetrahymena sp. production (cells/ml)

Coefficients

Term Coef SE Coef T P

Constant 1.65257 0.235272 7.02408 0.000

Tet cell No/ml 0.00001 0.000002 4.35052 0.000

Summary of Model

S = 0.956851 R-Sq = 17.22% R-Sq(adj) = 16.31%

PRESS = 86.7413 R-Sq(pred) = 13.81%

Analysis of Variance

Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P

Regression 1 17.329 17.3289 17.3289 18.9271 0.000035

Tet cell No/ml 1 17.329 17.3289 17.3289 18.9271 0.000035

Error 91 83.316 83.3162 0.9156

Lack-of-Fit 71 63.650 63.6496 0.8965 0.9117 0.627778

Pure Error 20 19.667 19.6667 0.9833

Total 92 100.645

Fits and Diagnostics for Unusual Observations

Obs Richness Fit SE Fit Residual St Resid

12 1 2.90288 0.123818 -1.90288 -2.00555 R

87 4 3.81075 0.299652 0.18925 0.20826 X

91 5 2.70378 0.103179 2.29622 2.41384 R

92 5 3.06215 0.148642 1.93785 2.05012 R

93 5 3.66740 0.268783 1.33260 1.45112 X

R denotes an observation with a large standardized residual.

X denotes an observation whose X value gives it large leverage.

4. Bacterial Species Richness versus predator production (cells/ml) in multiple predation experiment

Regression Equation

Richness = 3.00231 - 1.69916e-006 Multiple predation production(cells/ml)

Coefficients

Term Coef SE Coef T P

Constant 3.00231 0.237974 12.6161 0.000

Multiple -0.00000 0.000001 -1.9827 0.050

Summary of Model

S = 1.02966 R-Sq = 4.14% R-Sq(adj) = 3.09%

PRESS = 101.253 R-Sq(pred) = -0.60%

Analysis of Variance

Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P

Regression 1 4.168 4.1675 4.16754 3.93093 0.050422

Multiple 1 4.168 4.1675 4.16754 3.93093 0.050422

Error 91 96.478 96.4776 1.06019

Lack-of-Fit 81 81.478 81.4776 1.00590 0.67060 0.842216

Pure Error 10 15.000 15.0000 1.50000

Total 92 100.645

Fits and Diagnostics for Unusual Observations

Obs Richness Fit SE Fit Residual St Resid

14 1 1.94713 0.336894 -0.94713 -0.97343 X

15 1 1.83499 0.390952 -0.83499 -0.87658 X

91 5 2.80181 0.154413 2.19819 2.15929 R

92 5 2.74744 0.135930 2.25256 2.20700 R

93 5 2.80861 0.156907 2.19139 2.15343 R

R denotes an observation with a large standardized residual.

X denotes an observation whose X value gives it large leverage.

(Fig 1b) General Regression Analysis:

1. Bacterial Species Richness versus coefficient of variation (CV) of Poterioochromonas sp. production (cells/ml)

Regression Equation

Richness = 5.89781 - 3.4189 OCH CV

Coefficients

Term Coef SE Coef T P

Constant 5.89781 0.96543 6.10899 0.009

OCH CV -3.41890 1.04593 -3.26876 0.047

Summary of Model

S = 0.854832 R-Sq = 78.08% R-Sq(adj) = 70.77%

PRESS = 5.70593 R-Sq(pred) = 42.94%

Analysis of Variance

Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P

Regression 1 7.8078 7.80779 7.80779 10.6848 0.0468207

OCH CV 1 7.8078 7.80779 7.80779 10.6848 0.0468207

Error 3 2.1922 2.19221 0.73074

Total 4 10.0000

Fits and Diagnostics for Unusual Observations

No unusual observations

2. Bacterial Species Richness versus coefficient of variation (CV) of Acanthamoeba sp. production (cells/ml)

Regression Equation

Richness = 5.76896 - 7.65313 CV of Acanthamoeba sp. production

Coefficients

Term Coef SE Coef T P

Constant 5.76896 1.14011 5.06001 0.015

AC CV -7.65313 2.89792 -2.64090 0.078

Summary of Model

S = 1.00128 R-Sq = 69.92% R-Sq(adj) = 59.90%

PRESS = 35.6304 R-Sq(pred) = -256.30%

Analysis of Variance

Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P

Regression 1 6.9923 6.99229 6.99229 6.97436 0.0775960

AC CV 1 6.9923 6.99229 6.99229 6.97436 0.0775960

Error 3 3.0077 3.00771 1.00257

Total 4 10.0000

Fits and Diagnostics for Unusual Observations

No unusual observations

3. Bacterial Species Richness versus coefficient of variation (CV) of Tetrahymena sp. production (cells/ml)

Regression Equation

Richness = 7.58338 - 11.1653 CV of Tetrahymenasp. production

Coefficients

Term Coef SE Coef T P

Constant 7.5834 1.55474 4.87760 0.016

Tet CV -11.1653 3.65796 -3.05232 0.055

Summary of Model

S = 0.901060 R-Sq = 75.64% R-Sq(adj) = 67.52%

PRESS = 7.62180 R-Sq(pred) = 23.78%

Analysis of Variance

Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P

Regression 1 7.5643 7.56427 7.56427 9.31665 0.0553268

Tet CV 1 7.5643 7.56427 7.56427 9.31665 0.0553268

Error 3 2.4357 2.43573 0.81191

Total 4 10.0000

Fits and Diagnostics for Unusual Observations

No unusual observations

3. Bacterial Species Richness versus coefficient of variation (CV) of predator production (cells/ml) in multiple predation experiment

Regression Equation

Richness = 5.11627 - 4.74076 CV of predator production (cells/ml) in multiple predation experiment

Coefficients

Term Coef SE Coef T P

Constant 5.11627 1.91567 2.67075 0.076

Mul CV -4.74076 4.01640 -1.18035 0.323

Summary of Model

S = 1.50872 R-Sq = 31.71% R-Sq(adj) = 8.95%

PRESS = 25.8930 R-Sq(pred) = -158.93%

Analysis of Variance

Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P

Regression 1 3.1713 3.17131 3.17131 1.39323 0.322926

Mul CV 1 3.1713 3.17131 3.17131 1.39323 0.322926

Error 3 6.8287 6.82869 2.27623

Total 4 10.0000

Fits and Diagnostics for Unusual Observations

No unusual observations

Detailed Statistical Report of Figure 2

General Regression Analysis:

Bacterial Species Richness versus predator evenness in multiple predation experiments

Regression Equation

Richness = 1.21608 + 2.32033 predator evenness

Coefficients

Term Coef SE Coef T P

Constant 1.21608 0.376463 3.23027 0.002

Evenness 2.32033 0.616466 3.76393 0.000

Summary of Model

S = 0.978265 R-Sq = 13.47% R-Sq(adj) = 12.52%

PRESS = 90.7094 R-Sq(pred) = 9.87%

Analysis of Variance

Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P

Regression 1 13.558 13.5580 13.5580 14.1672 0.0002960

Evenness 1 13.558 13.5580 13.5580 14.1672 0.0002960

Error 91 87.087 87.0872 0.9570

Total 92 100.645

Fits and Diagnostics for Unusual Observations

Obs Richness Fit SE Fit Residual St Resid

5 1 1.56880 0.287330 -0.56880 -0.60826 X

49 3 1.61367 0.276209 1.38633 1.47724 X

91 5 2.77215 0.113485 2.22785 2.29283 R

92 5 2.55921 0.101601 2.44079 2.50859 R

93 5 2.75501 0.111519 2.24499 2.30993 R

R denotes an observation with a large standardized residual.

X denotes an observation whose X value gives it large leverage.

Detailed Statistical Report of Figure 3

General Regression Analysis:

One-way ANOVA: Predators production in different richness level

M- Multiple(predator production in mixture)

S- Single (Predator production in monoculture)

Source DF SS MS F P

Richness 1 7.78168E+11 7.78168E+11 135.84 0.000

Error 122 6.98883E+11 5728551302

Total 123 1.47705E+12

S = 75687 R-Sq = 52.68% R-Sq(adj) = 52.30%

Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev

Level N Mean StDev --+------+------+------+------

M 31 248161 118277 (---*----)

S 93 65214 55089 (--*-)

--+------+------+------+------

60000 120000 180000 240000

Pooled StDev = 75687

Grouping Information Using T-test

Richness N Mean Grouping

M 31 248161 A

S 93 65214 B

Means that do not share a letter are significantly different.

95% Simultaneous Confidence Intervals

All Pairwise Comparisons among Levels of Richness

Individual confidence level = 95.00%

Richness = M subtracted from:

Richness Lower Center Upper ------+------+------+------+---

S -214020 -182947 -151874 (-----*----)

------+------+------+------+---

-180000 -120000 -60000 0

Detailed Statistical Report of Figure 4

(a) General Regression Analysis: TIC versus Predator Biomass

Regression Equation

TIC = -13.5302 + 1.25217 Predator Biomass

Coefficients

Term Coef SE Coef T P

Constant -13.5302 2.47319 -5.4707 0.000

Predator Biomass 1.2522 0.09023 13.8768 0.000

Summary of Model

S = 5.84569 R-Sq = 86.91% R-Sq(adj) = 86.46%

PRESS = 1198.49 R-Sq(pred) = 84.17%

Analysis of Variance

Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P

Regression 1 6580.40 6580.40 6580.40 192.567 0.0000000

Predator Biomass 1 6580.40 6580.40 6580.40 192.567 0.0000000

Error 29 990.99 990.99 34.17

Total 30 7571.39

Fits and Diagnostics for Unusual Observations

Obs TIC Fit SE Fit Residual St Resid

5 70.3362 59.4715 3.19863 10.8647 2.22050 R X

23 42.2595 29.7532 1.36983 12.5063 2.20068 R

R denotes an observation with a large standardized residual.

X denotes an observation whose X value gives it large leverage.

(b) General Regression Analysis: DE versus Predator Biomass

Regression Equation

DE = 1.95266 - 0.0449657 Predator Biomass

Coefficients

Term Coef SE Coef T P

Constant 1.95266 0.667883 2.92365 0.007

Predator Biomass -0.04497 0.024368 -1.84529 0.075

Summary of Model

S = 1.57862 R-Sq = 10.51% R-Sq(adj) = 7.42%

PRESS = 79.3880 R-Sq(pred) = 1.69%

Analysis of Variance

Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P

Regression 1 8.4857 8.4857 8.48567 3.40511 0.0752288

Predator Biomass 1 8.4857 8.4857 8.48567 3.40511 0.0752288

Error 29 72.2692 72.2692 2.49204

Total 30 80.7548

Fits and Diagnostics for Unusual Observations

Obs DE Fit SE Fit Residual St Resid

5 -1.57463 -0.668842 0.863786 -0.905791 -0.685514 X

X denotes an observation whose X value gives it large leverage.

(c) General Regression Analysis: TC versus Predator Biomass

Regression Equation

TDC = 5.05612 - 0.207208 Predator Biomass

Coefficients

Term Coef SE Coef T P

Constant 5.05612 1.90979 2.64747 0.013

Predator Biomass -0.20721 0.06968 -2.97374 0.006

Summary of Model

S = 4.51403 R-Sq = 23.37% R-Sq(adj) = 20.73%

PRESS = 744.778 R-Sq(pred) = 3.41%

Analysis of Variance

Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P

Regression 1 180.192 180.192 180.192 8.84315 0.0058709

Predator Biomass 1 180.192 180.192 180.192 8.84315 0.0058709

Error 29 590.916 590.916 20.376

Total 30 771.108

Fits and Diagnostics for Unusual Observations

Obs TDC Fit SE Fit Residual St Resid

5 -16.9830 -7.02409 2.46997 -9.9590 -2.63582 R X

23 -12.3140 -2.10636 1.05778 -10.2077 -2.32609 R

R denotes an observation with a large standardized residual.

X denotes an observation whose X value gives it large leverage.

(d). One-way ANOVA: Effect size of NBE Components: Tripartite partitioning of NBE components

Source DF SS MS F P

Components 2 6104.8 3052.4 32.61 0.000

Error 90 8423.3 93.6

Total 92 14528.1

S = 9.674 R-Sq = 42.02% R-Sq(adj) = 40.73%

Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on

Pooled StDev

Level N Mean StDev -----+------+------+------+----

DE 31 0.837 1.641 (----*----)

TDC 31 -0.086 5.070 (----*----)

TIC 31 17.544 15.886 (----*----)

-----+------+------+------+----

0.0 7.0 14.0 21.0

Pooled StDev = 9.674

Grouping Information Using T-test

Components N Mean Grouping

TIC 31 17.544 A

DE 31 0.837 B

TDC 31 -0.086 B

Means that do not share a letter are significantly different.

95% Simultaneous Confidence Intervals

All Pairwise Comparisons among Levels of Components

Individual confidence level = 98.07%

Components = DE subtracted from:

Components Lower Center Upper +------+------+------+------

TDC -6.778 -0.923 4.933 (----*----)

TIC 10.852 16.707 22.563 (----*----)

+------+------+------+------

-24 -12 0 12

Components = TDC subtracted from:

Components Lower Center Upper +------+------+------+------

TIC 11.774 17.630 23.485 (----*----)

+------+------+------+------

-24 -12 0 12

Detailed Statistical Report of Figure 5

(a)Slope deviation statistical results

Results of ANOVA slope deviation of Linear model fitting to data ('Model 2') from Nullmodel ('Model 1', Linear model with slope=1 (given by 'offset (predation free control)') and Intercept=0)

- Deviation of slope of relative abundance in predation free microcosms (predation free control) versus relative abundance in the microcosms under Acanthamoeba sp. predation pressure

> Ac.aov

Analysis of Variance Table

Model 1: Ac ~ offset(no.predation) + 0

Model 2: Ac ~ no.predation

Res.Df RSS Df Sum of Sq F Pr(>F)

1 75 2.2102

2 73 2.2029 2 0.0073316 0.1215 0.8858

- Deviation of slope of relative abundance in predation free microcosms (predation free control) versus relative abundance in the microcosms under Poterioochromonas sp. predation pressure

> Pot.aov

Analysis of Variance Table

Model 1: Pot ~ offset(no.predation) + 0

Model 2: Pot ~ no.predation

Res.Df RSS Df Sum of Sq F Pr(>F)

1 75 0.72734

2 73 0.72303 2 0.0043041 0.2173 0.8052

- Deviation of slope of relative abundance in predation free microcosms (predation free control) versus relative abundance in the microcosms under Tetrahymena sp. predation pressure

> Tet.aov

Analysis of Variance Table

Model 1: Tet ~ offset(no.predation) + 0

Model 2: Tet ~ no.predation

Res.Df RSS Df Sum of Sq F Pr(>F)

1 75 4.8196

2 73 4.2414 2 0.57815 4.9753 0.009427 **

---

Signif. codes: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1

- Deviation of slope of relative abundance in predation free microcosms (predation free control) versus relative abundance in the microcosms under multiple predation pressure

> Multi.aov

Analysis of Variance Table

Model 1: multiple ~ offset(no.predation) + 0

Model 2: multiple ~ no.predation

Res.Df RSS Df Sum of Sq F Pr(>F)

1 75 7.1018

2 73 5.3893 2 1.7126 11.599 4.225e-05 ***

---

Signif. codes: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1

- Results of Outlier test

> outlierTest(Ac.mod)

No Studentized residuals with Bonferonni p < 0.05

Largest |rstudent|:

rstudent unadjusted p-value Bonferonni p

70 -2.992269 0.0037909 0.28432

> outlierTest(Pot.mod)

No Studentized residuals with Bonferonni p < 0.05

Largest |rstudent|:

rstudent unadjusted p-value Bonferonni p

42 3.169948 0.0022395 0.16796

> outlierTest(Tet.mod)

No Studentized residuals with Bonferonni p < 0.05

Largest |rstudent|:

rstudent unadjusted p-value Bonferonni p

43 2.833773 0.0059646 0.44734

> outlierTest(multiple.mod)

No Studentized residuals with Bonferonni p < 0.05

Largest |rstudent|:

rstudent unadjusted p-value Bonferonni p

62 2.507438 0.014417 NA

Diagrammatic view of residuals plotting.

(b) General Regression Analysis:

Relative Abundance in predation free microcosms (Predation free control) versus Relative Abundance in the microcosms under Acanthamoeba sp. predation pressure.

Regression Equation

Control = 0.0604374 + 0.825661 AC

Coefficients

Term Coef SE Coef T P

Constant 0.060437 0.0248507 2.4320 0.017

AC 0.825661 0.0479097 17.2337 0.000

Summary of Model

S = 0.160088 R-Sq = 80.27% R-Sq(adj) = 80.00%

PRESS = 1.96769 R-Sq(pred) = 79.25%

Analysis of Variance

Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P

Regression 1 7.61162 7.61162 7.61162 297.000 0.000000

AC 1 7.61162 7.61162 7.61162 297.000 0.000000

Error 73 1.87087 1.87087 0.02563

Lack-of-Fit 56 1.54106 1.54106 0.02752 1.418 0.215534

Pure Error 17 0.32981 0.32981 0.01940

Total 74 9.48249

Fits and Diagnostics for Unusual Observations

Obs Control Fit SE Fit Residual St Resid

9 0.619946 0.297573 0.0187036 0.322374 2.02761 R

13 0.978173 0.625364 0.0245608 0.352809 2.23024 R

15 0.371703 0.698835 0.0275553 -0.327133 -2.07441 R

40 0.493827 0.865107 0.0353086 -0.371280 -2.37777 R

45 0.611511 0.230677 0.0196725 0.380834 2.39706 R

70 0.493827 0.060437 0.0248507 0.433390 2.74041 R

R denotes an observation with a large standardized residual.

General Regression Analysis: Relative Abundance in predation free microcosms (Predation free control) versus Relative Abundance in the microcosms under predation pressure of Poterioochromonas sp.

Regression Equation

Control = 0.016673 + 0.945588 Poteriooch

Coefficients

Term Coef SE Coef T P

Constant 0.016673 0.0156832 1.0631 0.291

Poteriooch 0.945588 0.0311931 30.3140 0.000

Summary of Model

S = 0.0977731 R-Sq = 92.64% R-Sq(adj) = 92.54%

PRESS = 0.727036 R-Sq(pred) = 92.33%

Analysis of Variance

Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P

Regression 1 8.78464 8.78464 8.78464 918.936 0.0000000

Poteriooch 1 8.78464 8.78464 8.78464 918.936 0.0000000

Error 73 0.69785 0.69785 0.00956

Lack-of-Fit 54 0.66918 0.66918 0.01239 8.213 0.0000034

Pure Error 19 0.02867 0.02867 0.00151

Total 74 9.48249

Fits and Diagnostics for Unusual Observations

Obs Control Fit SE Fit Residual St Resid

8 0.493827 0.294787 0.0114188 0.199040 2.04976 R

23 0.431579 0.644861 0.0149741 -0.213282 -2.20744 R

42 0.323529 0.604725 0.0141397 -0.281196 -2.90656 R

68 0.568421 0.330767 0.0113020 0.237654 2.44708 R

70 0.493827 0.257077 0.0116703 0.236750 2.43886 R

R denotes an observation with a large standardized residual.

General Regression Analysis: Relative Abundance in predation free microcosms (Predation free control) versus Relative Abundance in the microcosms under Tetrahymena sp. predation pressure.

Regression Equation

Control = 0.0893096 + 0.742376 Tet

Coefficients

Term Coef SE Coef T P

Constant 0.089310 0.0384611 2.32208 0.023

Tet 0.742376 0.0771642 9.62073 0.000

Summary of Model

S = 0.239323 R-Sq = 55.91% R-Sq(adj) = 55.30%

PRESS = 4.41298 R-Sq(pred) = 53.46%

Analysis of Variance

Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P

Regression 1 5.30136 5.30136 5.30136 92.5585 0.0000000

Tet 1 5.30136 5.30136 5.30136 92.5585 0.0000000

Error 73 4.18113 4.18113 0.05728

Lack-of-Fit 57 3.84793 3.84793 0.06751 3.2417 0.0059330

Pure Error 16 0.33320 0.33320 0.02082

Total 74 9.48249

Fits and Diagnostics for Unusual Observations

Obs Control Fit SE Fit Residual St Resid

1 0.947205 0.407471 0.0283482 0.539734 2.27124 R

14 0.689655 0.132979 0.0354544 0.556676 2.35199 R

43 0.275862 0.788017 0.0535554 -0.512155 -2.19569 R

R denotes an observation with a large standardized residual.

General Regression Analysis: Relative Abundance in predation free microcosms (Predation free control) versus Relative Abundance in the microcosms under MultiplePredation pressure.

Regression Equation

Control = 0.124927 + 0.639633 multiple

Coefficients

Term Coef SE Coef T P

Constant 0.124927 0.0474619 2.63216 0.010

multiple 0.639633 0.0981489 6.51696 0.000

Summary of Model

S = 0.286566 R-Sq = 36.78% R-Sq(adj) = 35.91%

PRESS = 6.29777 R-Sq(pred) = 33.59%

Analysis of Variance

Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P

Regression 1 3.48771 3.48771 3.48771 42.4708 0.0000000

multiple 1 3.48771 3.48771 3.48771 42.4708 0.0000000

Error 73 5.99478 5.99478 0.08212

Lack-of-Fit 54 5.20368 5.20368 0.09636 2.3144 0.0233008

Pure Error 19 0.79110 0.79110 0.04164

Total 74 9.48249

Fits and Diagnostics for Unusual Observations

Obs Control Fit SE Fit Residual St Resid

10 0.913978 0.186522 0.0412165 0.727457 2.56520 R

13 0.978173 0.308193 0.0336123 0.669980 2.35421 R

R denotes an observation with a large standardized residual.

Box S1. Detailed Statistical Report of impact of prey-predator richness on predator production

Detailed Statistical Report of Figure 1 Supplementary

One-way ANOVA: Prey Production in different predation treatments

C- Prey production without predators(predation free control microcosms)

S- Prey production under single predation pressure

M- Prey production under multiple predation pressure

Source DF SS MS F P

Group 2 3361.9 1680.9 23.41 0.000

Error 90 6461.3 71.8

Total 92 9823.2

S = 8.473 R-Sq = 34.22% R-Sq(adj) = 32.76%

Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on

Pooled StDev

Level N Mean StDev ----+------+------+------+-----

C 31 14.610 12.695 (----*----)

M 31 0.636 0.627 (----*----)

S 31 11.649 7.336 (----*----)

----+------+------+------+-----

0.0 6.0 12.0 18.0

Pooled StDev = 8.473

Grouping Information Using T-test

Group N Mean Grouping

C 31 14.610 A

S 31 11.649 A

M 31 0.636 B

Means that do not share a letter are significantly different.

95% Simultaneous Confidence Intervals

All Pairwise Comparisons among Levels of Group

Individual confidence level = 98.07%

Group = C subtracted from:

Group Lower Center Upper ------+------+------+------+

M -19.102 -13.974 -8.846 (----*----)

S -8.089 -2.960 2.168 (----*----)

------+------+------+------+

-10 0 10 20

Group = M subtracted from:

Group Lower Center Upper ------+------+------+------+

S 5.885 11.014 16.142 (----*----)

------+------+------+------+

-10 0 10 20

Detailed Statistical Report of Figure 2 Supplementary

(a). General Regression Analysis: TIC versus NBE

Regression Equation

TIC = -5.36425 + 1.25217 NBE

Coefficients

Term Coef SE Coef T P

Constant -5.36425 1.95641 -2.7419 0.010

NBE 1.25217 0.09023 13.8768 0.000

Summary of Model

S = 5.84569 R-Sq = 86.91% R-Sq(adj) = 86.46%

PRESS = 1198.49 R-Sq(pred) = 84.17%

Analysis of Variance

Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P

Regression 1 6580.40 6580.40 6580.40 192.567 0.0000000

NBE 1 6580.40 6580.40 6580.40 192.567 0.0000000

Error 29 990.99 990.99 34.17

Total 30 7571.39

Fits and Diagnostics for Unusual Observations

Obs TIC Fit SE Fit Residual St Resid

5 70.3362 59.4715 3.19863 10.8647 2.22050 R X

23 42.2595 29.7532 1.36983 12.5063 2.20068 R

R denotes an observation with a large standardized residual.

X denotes an observation whose X value gives it large leverage.

(b). General Regression Analysis: DE versus NBE

Regression Equation

DE = 1.65942 - 0.0449657 NBE

Coefficients

Term Coef SE Coef T P

Constant 1.65942 0.528325 3.14090 0.004

NBE -0.04497 0.024368 -1.84529 0.075

Summary of Model

S = 1.57862 R-Sq = 10.51% R-Sq(adj) = 7.42%

PRESS = 79.3880 R-Sq(pred) = 1.69%

Analysis of Variance

Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P

Regression 1 8.4857 8.4857 8.48567 3.40511 0.0752288

NBE 1 8.4857 8.4857 8.48567 3.40511 0.0752288

Error 29 72.2692 72.2692 2.49204

Total 30 80.7548

Fits and Diagnostics for Unusual Observations

Obs DE Fit SE Fit Residual St Resid

5 -1.57463 -0.668842 0.863786 -0.905791 -0.685514 X

X denotes an observation whose X value gives it large leverage.

(c). General Regression Analysis: TDC versus NBE

Regression Equation

TDC = 3.70483 - 0.207208 NBE

Coefficients

Term Coef SE Coef T P

Constant 3.70483 1.51073 2.45234 0.020

NBE -0.20721 0.06968 -2.97374 0.006

Summary of Model

S = 4.51403 R-Sq = 23.37% R-Sq(adj) = 20.73%

PRESS = 744.778 R-Sq(pred) = 3.41%

Analysis of Variance

Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P

Regression 1 180.192 180.192 180.192 8.84315 0.0058709

NBE 1 180.192 180.192 180.192 8.84315 0.0058709

Error 29 590.916 590.916 20.376

Total 30 771.108

Fits and Diagnostics for Unusual Observations

Obs TDC Fit SE Fit Residual St Resid

5 -16.9830 -7.02409 2.46997 -9.9590 -2.63582 R X

23 -12.3140 -2.10636 1.05778 -10.2077 -2.32609 R

R denotes an observation with a large standardized residual.

X denotes an observation whose X value gives it large leverage.