Cell Cycle – Mitosis

Vocabulary

  1. Cell cycle: a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides into two new cells, which are called daughter cells. The cell cycle includes 3 main stages: interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis.
  1. Cell division: The division of one cell into two daughter cells with the same genetic material (DNA). It allows organisms to grow and repair damaged structures.
  1. DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries information about an organism that is passed from parent to offspring. Chromosomes contain DNA.
  1. Chromosomes: a structure in the nucleus that contains hereditary material. (Can be duplicated or unduplicated.)
  1. Chromatids: each of the two identical copies of DNA making up a duplicated chromosome. They are tightly coiled into thickened strands that becomes visible during prophase.
  1. Centriole: Pair of cylindrical structures that help move the chromosomes
  1. Centromere: holds the chromatids together.
  1. Spindle Fibers: tiny, threadlike tubes in a cell to which the chromatids attach. They pull the chromosomes apart during anaphase.
  1. Interphase: The first stage of the cell cycle that takes place before cell division occurs, during which a cell grows and duplicates its chromosomes.
  1. Mitosis: The second stage of the cell cycle during which the cell’s nucleus divides to form two identical nuclei. Mitosis includes prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
  1. Cytokinesis: The final stage of the cell cycle, in which the cell’s cytoplasm divides, forming two new daughter cells.

THE CELL CYCLE - MITOSIS

During the cell cycle, a cell ______, prepares for ______, and then divides into ______new cells. These two new cells, called ______cells, are identical to the parent cell because they have the same ______as the parent cell.

INTERPHASE (a cell spends ______in this phase of the cell cycle)

 the cell ______to its full size

 chromosomes are duplicated in the ______of the cell

 the cell prepares to ______

MITOSIS (4 stages - Prophase, ______, Anaphase, ______)

Prophase (first stage)

 longest stage of mitosis

 ______become visible

 centrioles separate and move to opposite ends of ______

 spindle fibers ______

 nuclear ______disappears

Metaphase (second stage)

 shortest stage of mitosis

 chromosomes attach to spindle fibers in ______of cell

Anaphase (third stage)

 ______split apart and chromatids separate from each other.

 ______move to opposite ends of the cell.

Telophase (fourth and last stage of mitosis)

 chromatids reach ______ends of cell

 chromatids ______

 ______membrane begins to form around the chromosomes at each end

 spindle fibers ______

CYTOKINESIS (final phase of cell cycle)

 a new ______forms between the two nuclei, and the cell splits into two ______cells, each with identical DNA (genetic material).