Appendix S1
Table 2 Descriptive statistics of species richness, endemic and legume species and bryophytes cover (%) between the four LMT
1 -Unmanaged; 2 - Extensive grazing by sheep with rotation crops; 3 - Extensive grazing by cattle and sheep with rotation crops; 4 - Frequent tillage without grazing. ( c - calcareous, s - siliceous).
LMT / Mean ± SD / Minimum / MaximumPlant species Richness
1 / 20.5 ± 8.03 / 9 / 41
2 / 19.56 ± 6.90 / 8 / 35
3 / 16.18 ± 5.15 / 7 / 28
4 c / 14.23 ± 3.91 / 5 / 22
4 s / 11.17± 2.31 / 6 / 15
Legumes species cover
1 / 1.62 ± 3.01 / 0 / 12
2 / 20.09 ± 30.57 / 0 / 108
3 / 11.05 ± 19.40 / 0 / 16
4 c / 6.38 ± 4.03 / 0 / 12
4 s / 7.45 ± 13.66 / 0 / 50
Endemic species cover
1 / 0.52 ± 1.11 / 0 / 4
2 / 0.20 ± 0.66 / 0 / 3
3 / 0.23 ± 1.04 / 0 / 5
4 c / 0 / 0 / 0
4 s / 0 / 0 / 0
Bryophytes cover
1 / 15.95 ± 24.08 / 0 / 85
2 / 2.80 ± 7.50 / 0 / 40
3 / 0.91 ± 4.17 / 0 / 20
4 c / 7.69 ± 14.23 / 0 / 40
4 s / 2.5 ± 8.29 / 0 / 30
Table 3Synoptic table of studied grasslands in the four land management types. Diagnostic species with significant fidelity are marked (p<0.01**)
Frequency classes: V: 80-100% of the relevés, IV: 60-80%, III: 40-60%, II: 20-40%, I: 10-20%. Species presents only in one column with frequency above 10% were not displayed in synoptic table. 1 -Unmanaged; 2 - Extensive grazing by sheep with rotation crops; 3 - Extensive grazing by cattle and sheep with rotation crops; 4 - Frequent tillage without grazing.
Land management types / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 4Substrate type (s-siliceous, c-calcareous) / s / s / s / c / s
Number of relevés / 21 / 42 / 22 / 13 / 12
Diagnostic, constant and dominant species of land management type 1
Agrostis castellana / V ** / I / I / 0 / I
Briza maxima / IV ** / I / 0 / 0 / 0
Andryala integrifolia / III ** / I / I / 0 / 0
Asphodelus aestivus / II ** / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Serapias cordigera / II ** / I / 0 / 0 / 0
Serapias lingua / II ** / I / 0 / 0 / 0
Tolpis barbata / IV / III / III / 0 / I
Gaudinia fragilis / IV / II / III / 0 / I
Holcus annuus subsp. annuus / III / II / I / 0 / 0
Rumex acetosella subsp. angiocarpus / II / I / I / 0 / 0
Constant and dominant species of land managementtype 2
Avena barbata subsp. barbata / III / III / II / II / II
Agrostis pourretii / I / II / III / 0 / 0
Vulpia bromoides / II / II / II / 0 / I
Bromus diandrus / I / I / II / 0 / I
Astragalus pelecinus subsp. pelecinus / 0 / I / 0 / 0 / 0
Bromus hordeaceus / II / III / III / 0 / I
Constant and dominant species of land managementtype 3
Echium plantagineum / I / II / IV / 0 / III
Leontodon taraxacoides subsp. longirostris / II / II / III / II / 0
Ornithopus compressus / I / II / III / 0 / III
Coleostephus myconis / II / I / III / 0 / II
Chamaemelum mixtum / I / II / III / 0 / III
Vulpia geniculata / I / III / III / 0 / I
Diagnostic, constant and dominant species of land managementtype 4 in calcareous soils
Brachypodium distachyon / I / I / 0 / V ** / I
Echinops strigosus / 0 / 0 / 0 / IV ** / I
Trifolium scabrum / 0 / I / I / IV ** / 0
Aegilops geniculata / I / I / 0 / III** / 0
Atractylis cancellata subsp. cancellata / 0 / 0 / 0 / III ** / I
Crupina vulgaris / 0 / 0 / 0 / III ** / I
Linum strictum / 0 / 0 / 0 / III ** / I
Medicago minima / 0 / 0 / 0 / II ** / 0
Convolvulus arvensis / I / I / 0 / II** / 0
Daucus crinitus / 0 / I / 0 / II** / 0
Ononis pubescens / 0 / 0 / 0 / II** / 0
Tragopogon dubius / 0 / 0 / 0 / II** / 0
Trifolium stellatum / 0 / I / 0 / II** / I
Diagnostic, constant and dominant species of land managementtype 4 in siliceous soils
Rumex bucephalopharus subsp. gallicus / I / II / II / 0 / IV**
Spergula arvensis / 0 / I / 0 / 0 / III**
Geranium dissectum / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / II**
Others with frequency higher than 10%
Plantago lagopus / I / II / II / II / 0
Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. raphanistrum / I / I / II / 0 / III
Silene gallica / I / I / II / I / II
Vulpia myuros / I / I / I / II / I
Crepis capillaris var. capillaris / II / II / II / 0 / 0
Hypochaeris radicata / II / I / I / I / I
Sherardia arvensis / I / II / 0 / II / I
Stachys arvensis / I / II / I / I / I
Aira caryophyllea / I / I / I / II / 0
Carlina racemosa / I / II / I / I / 0
Daucus carota subsp. maximus / I / I / 0 / I / II
Euphorbia exigua / II / I / 0 / II / 0
Hedypnois cretica / 0 / I / I / II / I
Plantago coronopus subsp. coronopus / 0 / I / II / I / I
Pulicaria paludosa / II / I / I / 0 / I
Sesamoides purpurascens / II / I / I / I / 0
Anthoxanthum aristatum subsp. aristatum / I / I / I / 0 / I
Bromus madritensis / I / I / I / I / 0
Briza minor / I / II / I / 0 / 0
Chamaemelum nobile / II / I / I / 0 / 0
Hypericum perfoliatum / II / I / I / 0 / 0
Jasione montana var. gracilis / II / I / I / 0 / 0
Lotus hispidus / I / I / I / 0 / I
Ornithopus pinnatus / I / I / I / 0 / I
Spergularia purpurea / 0 / I / I / 0 / II
Trifolium campestre / I / II / I / 0 / 0
Trifolium cherleri / 0 / I / 0 / II / I
Tuberaria guttata / II / I / I / 0 / 0
Vulpia ciliata / I / I / II / 0 / 0
Aegilops triuncialis / I / I / 0 / 0 / I
Anagallis arvensis subsp. arvensis / I / I / I / 0 / 0
Bromus lanceolatus subsp. lanceolatus / I / I / 0 / II / 0
Bromus rigidus / 0 / I / I / 0 / I
Cerastium glomeratum / I / I / I / 0 / 0
Chaetopogon fasciculatus subsp. fasciculatus / I / 0 / I / 0 / I
Galium parisiense subsp. parisiense var. parisiense / I / I / I / 0 / 0
Holcus lanatus / I / I / 0 / 0 / I
Illecebrum verticillatum / I / I / I / 0 / 0
Lathyrus angulatus / I / I / 0 / 0 / I
Linum bienne / I / I / I / 0 / 0
Lolium multiflorum / 0 / I / I / 0 / I
Lolium perenne / I / I / I / 0 / 0
Molineriella laevis / I / I / I / 0 / 0
Ornithopus sativus subsp. sativus / I / I / I / 0 / 0
Parentucelia viscosa / I / I / I / 0 / 0
Petrorhagia nanteuilii / 0 / I / 0 / II / 0
Plantago lanceolata / I / I / I / 0 / 0
Rumex conglomeratus / I / I / 0 / 0 / I
Sanguisorba verrucosa / I / I / I / 0 / 0
Senecio jacobaea / I / I / I / 0 / 0
Taeniatherum caput-medusae / I / I / 0 / I / 0
Teesdalia nudicaulis / I / 0 / 0 / II / 0
Trifolium bocconei / 0 / I / I / 0 / I
Trifolium dubium / I / I / I / 0 / 0
Trifolium glomeratum / I / I / I / 0 / 0
Trifolium resupinatum / 0 / I / I / 0 / I
Vicia benghalensis var. perennis / I / I / I / 0 / 0
Vulpia muralis / I / I / I / 0 / 0
Arrhenatherum album subsp. album / I / 0 / I / 0 / 0
Bromus rubens / 0 / I / 0 / 0 / I
Bromus tectorum / I / I / 0 / 0 / 0
Calendula arvensis / 0 / I / 0 / 0 / I
Carthamus lanatus / 0 / I / 0 / 0 / I
Chamaemelum fuscatum / 0 / I / 0 / 0 / I
Cleonia lusitanica / 0 / I / 0 / 0 / I
Crepis vesicaria subsp. haenseleri / 0 / I / I / 0 / 0
Cynodon dactylon / I / I / 0 / 0 / 0
Cynosurus echinatus / I / I / 0 / 0 / 0
Dactylis glomerata subsp. hispanica / I / I / 0 / 0 / 0
Dactylis glomerata subsp. lusitanica / 0 / I / I / 0 / 0
Dipcadi serotinum subsp. serotinum / I / I / 0 / 0 / 0
Diplotaxis catholica / 0 / I / 0 / 0 / I
Eryngium campestre / 0 / I / 0 / 0 / I
Galium aparine subsp. spurium var. vaillantii / 0 / I / I / 0 / 0
Galium verrucosum subsp. verrucosum / I / 0 / I / 0 / 0
Gynandriris sysirinchium / 0 / I / I / 0 / 0
Holcus mollis subsp. mollis / I / I / 0 / 0 / 0
Hordeum geniculatum / 0 / I / 0 / 0 / I
Hordeum murinum subsp. leporinum / 0 / I / I / 0 / 0
Hymenocarpus lotoides / 0 / I / 0 / 0 / I
Hypericum linariifolium / I / I / 0 / 0 / 0
Hypochaeris glabra / 0 / I / I / 0 / 0
Juncus capitatus / I / I / 0 / 0 / 0
Juncus rugosus / I / I / 0 / 0 / 0
Linum trigynum / I / I / 0 / 0 / 0
Logfia gallica / I / I / 0 / 0 / 0
Lolium rigidum / 0 / I / I / 0 / 0
Lolium temulentum / 0 / I / I / 0 / 0
Lotus pedunculatus / 0 / I / 0 / 0 / I
Medicago polymorpha / 0 / I / 0 / 0 / I
Mentha pulegium / I / I / 0 / 0 / 0
Narcissus triandrus subsp. pallidulus / I / I / 0 / 0 / 0
Oenanthe crocrata / I / I / 0 / 0 / 0
Phalaris minor / I / 0 / I / 0 / 0
Plantago afra / 0 / I / 0 / I / 0
Plantago bellardii / 0 / I / I / 0 / 0
Poa trivialis subsp. trivialis / 0 / I / I / 0 / 0
Psirulus incurvus / 0 / I / 0 / I / 0
Rumex pulcher subsp. woodsii / I / I / 0 / 0 / 0
Scirpoides holoschoenus / I / I / 0 / 0 / 0
Scorpiurus muricatus / 0 / I / 0 / 0 / I
Silene scabriflora subsp. scabriflora / 0 / I / I / 0 / 0
Trifolium angustifolium / 0 / 0 / I / 0 / I
Trifolium arvense / 0 / I / I / 0 / 0
Trifolium cernuum / 0 / I / I / 0 / 0
Trifolium striatum subsp. striatum / 0 / I / I / 0 / 0
Trifolium subterraneum subsp. subterraneum / 0 / I / I / 0 / 0
Table 4 Syntaxa frequency of studied grasslands in the four LMT
1 -Unmanaged; 2 - Extensive grazing by sheep with rotation crops; 3 - Extensive grazing by cattle and sheep with rotation crops; 4 - Frequent tillage without grazing.(c - calcareous, s - siliceous).
LMT / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4c / 4sNumber of relevés / 21 / 42 / 22 / 13 / 12
Syntaxa
Gaudinio fragilis-Agrostietum castellanae / 100 / 9.5 / 22.7 / 0 / 0
Holco annui-Bhrachypodietum distachyae / 0 / 9.5 / 0 / 0 / 0
Leontodonto longirostris-Vulpietum bromoidis fragments / 0 / 14.3 / 0 / 0 / 0.4
Velezio rigidae-Astericetum aquaticae / 0 / 0 / 0 / 36 / 0
Pulicario uliginosae-Agrostietum salmanticae / 0 / 19.0 / 9.1 / 0 / 0
Rumici angiocarpi-Coleostephetum myconis / 0 / 11.9 / 40.9 / 0 / 16
Medicagini rigidulae-Aegilopetum geniculatae / 0 / 9.5 / 0 / 16 / 0
Thero-Brometalia communities / 0 / 9.5 / 4.5 / 0 / 0
Stellarietea mediae communities / 0 / 16.8 / 22.8 / 0 / 31.6
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