The Human World

THE HUMAN WORLD

Why Does It Matter?

• A __________ of the human world---population, _______, political & ________ systems & resources will help you understand events in the world around you

WORLD POPULATION (Section 1)

• The characteristics & _____________ of human ___________ affect physical & human systems

• Population _________ & ______________ influence where people live & how they change the natural _______________

Population Growth

• Just over _______ billion (7,035,079,454) people live on Earth at the __________ time & they inhabit nearly ________ of the planets _________

• Global population is ____________ so ____________ that by the year 2050 the world is expected to reach a minimum of ______ billion & a maximum of ______ billion people (____________)

• _____ growth was not always the case as from year 1000 to 1800 the worlds population increased ______

• Then between 1800 & 1950 the __________ of people on Earth ____________

• WHY YOU ASK?-----_______________ from ____________ (natures own way of regulating population)

• Plague of ________ (Typhoid Fever)

• _________ Plague (smallpox)

• Plague of __________ from 541 to 750, was the first _________ outbreak of the (bubonic plague)

• 1350 (_______ Death/Plague Pandemic) killed 30-60% of Europe’s population (Chinese _______ flea)

• 1492 (___________ Exchange) killed another ______ million people (smallpox, yellow fever, mumps)

• Third ____________, started in _______ in the middle of the 19th century, spreading plague to all inhabited continents and killing ______ million people in _________ alone

• During this pandemic, the _____ saw its first outbreak: the ____________ plague of 1900–1904

• More recent---__________, Influenza & ______/HIV

• WHAT HAS HAPPENED?

• _________ death rates are due to more abundant & reliable _______ supplies, improved _________ care, access to __________ & technology & better _________ conditions

• ***Technology such as ___________ & _________ & the application of medicine have circumvented nature own __________ capacity (K) & keeps people alive who would otherwise die due the lack of natural ___________ etc…

• The carrying capacity of a biological species in an environment is the ____________ population size of the species that the environment can __________ indefinitely, given the _______, habitat, water & other necessities _____________ in the environment (the environment's ______________ load)

• The key point here is that the _________ population keeps _________ & will continue to grow unless there is a conscious effort by us to _________ its growth, or _______ imposes some kind of control (like the recent ____________ in China, or the cyclones & __________in South & Southeast Asia)

• ***Basically More _________ are being born than ________ dying which is leading to Overpopulation

The Demographic Transition

• “_____________” is the study of __________ in which they use statistics to learn about population growth

• The “Demographic Transition Model” uses “____________” (# of births per year for every 1,000 people) & “_____________ rates” (# of deaths per year for every 1,000 people) to show _________ in the population _____________ of a country or a region

• Today most of the world’s _______________ & _____________ developed countries have experienced the transition from _______ birthrates & death rates to ________ birthrates & death rates

• This is called “_________ population growth” in which the birthrate & death rate are _________

• When this occurs, a country’s _____________ does not ________

• Although birthrates have ___________ significantly in many countries in Asia, Africa & Latin America over the past 40 years, they are still _____________ than in the _______________ world

• ___________ in these regions are traditionally ________ because of cultural beliefs about marriage, family & the value of ____________ (need many children to help _________ the land)

• A __________ number of birth & a ________ number of deaths will greatly __________ the population growth in these regions

• As a result “_________ time” or the number of years it takes a population to _________ in ______ sometimes takes as little as ______ years in some parts of Asia, Africa & Latin America (______ years should be the __________)

Challenges Of Growth

• Limited Resources

• The more __________ on the planet, the more __________ are required to _________ the increased population

• From ________ to clean __________ to mineral resources, as the population rises these resources are depleted & become more __________

• The ___________ impact to people on earth becomes greater/higher with increased population growth especially for __________ populations who live without the _________ resources, such as clean water, food & ____________ care, necessary to sustain life as well as providing for a higher ___________ of life

• The economic _____________ of population growth limits __________, causing poorer people to live at a much _____________ standard of living then people living in __________ nations

• Impact To the Planet

• As more __________ dioxide is produced by the __________ of civilization, the impact on the ____________ is beginning to be seen with global temperatures on the _______

• __________ that once helped to create _________ are being stripped away every day

• These trees also help to _________ the soil in many areas, so the consequence of removing them is an increase in surface _________ runoff & an increase in the occurrence of __________, even in areas where there was previously no flooding

• Impact To Animal Life

• As the ___________ population increases, the population of animal life __________

• The cause of this decrease is fairly obvious----As more ________ occupy the earth, they need more __________ (living) & more resources, including ___________ that are taken from areas that sustain a multitude of species

• Animal _________ are impacted by _________, oil wells & ________ cutting & the production of timber through tree ________ on large swaths of land

• As these incursions continue & increase, animals already on the ___________ species list creep closer to _____________ & those not already listed on it move closer to becoming ____________

Negative Population Growth

• “NPG” does not occur very often but it is when the annual death rate __________ the annual _________

• There are ________ reasons to why “NPG” may occur

• Birth Rate Effects

• For a population to remain at the __________ level, each couple having children must _________ themselves; that is, have _________ healthy children

• This factor is sometimes measured by the Total _________ Rate, which is defined as the number of _________ the average ___________ will have over her __________ (TFR average is _____)

• There are a number of __________ why TFR may dip below 2

• A major factor is the availability of birth ________ medicines as well, societal ___________ (women in the __________), financial pressures or government disincentives (as exist in some countries) may motivate people to _________ the size of their ___________

• Immigration & Emigration

• The population __________ of a specific geographical area, such as a country, also depends on the net balance between ________ of people (immigration) & ___________ (emigration)

• Although this obviously does not change the overall ____________ population, it can change the population ___________ a given region

• ________ of immigration & emigration ______, depending on circumstances such as perceived economic opportunities (Vietnam War, __________ & ________, Holocaust)

• Mortality Increases

• Mortality ___________ obviously _________ the level of a population, especially if mortality occurs before a person reaches __________ & has __________ of her own but the most common & most severe are normally ________, famine & ________ as well as new or emerging diseases

• HIV/AIDS, for example, which emerged in the latter part of the 20th century, caused over one ________ deaths in sub-Saharan Africa in _______

• Examples Of Negative Population Growth

• At present, several countries exhibit __________ overall population growth

• These include __________ (-0.28% & ____________ (-0.38%)

• A number of eastern _________ countries also appear on this list, such as Estonia, _____________ & ___________, with growth rates in the vicinity of -0.7%

• By contrast, the ____________ has a growth rate of around _____

Population Distribution

• World population distribution is _______ & is influenced by _________ & the Earth’s _________ geography

• “Population _____________” is the pattern of _____________ development in the world

· Some areas are ________ populated than others b/c of __________ features or ___________ (high mountain peaks, barren ________ & frozen tundra make human _________ difficult)

· Most people live where there is _______ soil, available _______ & a climate without harsh extremes

· _________ & __________ are the most densely populated (Asia---60% of the worlds people)

Population Density

• Geographers determine how _________ a country or region is by measuring “Population __________”---The # of people living in a _________ mile of land

• To ___________ the population density, the total # of _________ of an area is taken & _______ by the total # of square ________ in the area

• This is an _________, it does not mean that exactly that many people in each square mile as it __________ widely from country to country

Population Movement

• As the Earth’s population is moving in great numbers, people are _______ from city to city or from city to __________ while others are migrating from _________ villages to cities

• The resulting growth of ________ populations brought about by such migration & the changes that come with this increase are called “___________”---The population growth of a city & the changes that come along w/ it

• The ________ cause of urbanization is the desire of rural people to find _______ & a better ______ in more prosperous urban areas (about _________ of the worlds population live in cities)

• Migrations - people migrate to avoid ________, famine, & _________ & when they migrate they bring their ____________ w/ them to the new place

GLOBAL CULTURES (Section 2)

• The spatial interaction of _________ can spread new _________, establish __________ relationships, cause _________ & build political partnerships

• Geographers study “_______”---the way of life for a group of people who share similar beliefs & _________

• A particular culture can be understood by looking at language, __________, daily _______, history, ________ & the economy

Language

• Language is a _________ element in a culture’s ____________

• Through language people communicate __________ & experiences & pass on cultural values & __________

• People speak a “________” (local form of a language that differs from the main form) & linguists organize languages into “language __________” (large groups of languages having _________ roots)

Religion

• Religious __________ vary significantly around the _______ & struggles over religious differences can be a source of _________

• In many cultures religion enables people to find a sense of _________ while ___________ aspects of daily life from the practice of ___________ values to the ____________ of holidays & festivals

• A set of beliefs shared by a people group & the _________ used to express those beliefs that are often _________ through migration, ____________ work, _________, & war

• ____________ Religions - varieties of religions that are specific to one _________ group

• Tend to believe that ___________ are one w/_________& that natural features are __________ & to be worshipped

Social Groups

• A social system develops to help the members of a culture _________ together to meet _______ needs

• Most cultures are made up of social _________ (groups of people __________ according to ancestry, wealth or __________)

• Cultures may include people who belong to __________ “ethnic groups” (people who share a common language, history, __________ of origin or a ___________ of these elements)

Government & Economy

• Governments of the world share certain ___________ such as maintaining _________ within the country, providing _________ from outside dangers or providing ___________ to the people who live there

• Governments are organized by levels of _________ (national, ________, local) & by the type of authority (single ruler, a small group of leaders or a body of _________ & their representatives)

• Geographers look at ____________ activities to study how a culture uses its natural __________ to meet human __________

Culture Regions

• Geographers _________ the Earth into “_________ Regions” with each including countries that have certain traits in ___________ such as similar economic systems, forms of _________ & social groups

• Their histories, ___________ & art forms may share _________ influences also

Cultural Change

• __________ factors (new _________, lifestyles & _________) create change within cultures

• Change can also come through spatial interaction such as __________, migration & _______

• The process of ____________ new knowledge from one place to another is called “cultural __________”

Agricultural Revolution

• Cultural Diffusion has been a major factor in cultural __________ since the earliest humans (_________) who had no fixed __________ & moved from place to place in search of _________ & water

The Neolithic Revolution (10,000-4,000 B.C.)

· The ___________ Revolution followed the end of the last ________ age around 10,000 B.C. & was a significant change in ____________ patterns that occurred in the “New _________ Age”

· The biggest change was the shift from _________ animals & ___________ plants for sustenance to producing food by _____________ agriculture (An ____________ Revolution)

· ___________ of grains & ______________ provided a __________ supply of food

· __________ of animals such as goats, cattle, pigs, & sheep added a steady source of ________ & milk

· Fibers such as _________ was used for clothing

· Growing crops & taming food-producing animals created a new __________ between humans & ________

· The growing of __________ on a regular basis gave rise to more permanent ___________ (Neolithic farming villages or ____________)

Consequences of the Neolithic Revolution

· Once people __________ in villages or towns they built _________ for protection & other structures for the _________ of goods

· As an organized ___________ they stored food & accumulated _________ goods

· They engaged in far greater __________ than nomadic peoples did

· People began to ___________ in certain crafts & a division of ____________ developed

· ___________ making, weaving, ___________ from flax plants & the making of stone _________

· Changed the relationship between _________ & ___________

· Men were responsible for working ____________ & herding ________ that often took them from home

· Women cared for the __________, weaved clothes, made __________ & performed job duties that allowed them to stay in ________ place

· Between 4,000 & 3,000 B.C. significant ___________ developments began to transform the Neolithic towns

· The invention of ____________ enabled __________ to be kept

· The use of _________ marked a new level of human control over the environment & its _____________