ALTHOUGH/THOUGH/ EVEN THOUGH
SIMILAR MEANING
EVEN THOUGH IS MORE EMPHATIC THAN ALTHOUGH
THOUGH MORE COLLOQUIAL ESP. USA.
1. ALTHOUGH/ EVEN THOUGH/ EVEN IF
After although we use a CLAUSE I.E. subject + verb:
• Although it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday.
• I didn't get the job although I had all the necessary qualifications.
EVEN THOUGH is also possible in these examples
Even though it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday.
NB “Even if” is not the same.
We can use Even if when referring to something hypothetical
Even if it rains tomorrow, I will still go.
Even if he had worn a tie, he would have looked out of place the same.
For things which have actually happened or are actually true/ a fact we use only even though.
Even though he had three plates of pasta, he was still hungry.
Make sentences:
1. Tired/ yesterday/ have to work
2. good football player/not play well for this team
3. study a lot/ not pass the exam
4. not like English/ come to course/ need credits
5. a vegetarian/ sometimes hamburger
6. have severe backache/ go gym anyway
2. DESPITE/ IN SPITE OF
SAME MEANING
USE DESPITE/ INSPITE OF + NOUN OR PRONOUN OR - ING FORM
After in spite of or despite, we use ING or a noun, a pronoun (this/that/what etc.)
• In spite of the rain, we enjoyed our holiday.
• I didn't get the job in spite of having all the necessary qualifications.
• She wasn't well, but in spite of this she went to work.
• In spite of what I said yesterday, I still love you.
VERY COMMON:
You can say 'in spite of the fact (that)...' and 'despite the fact (that)...':
I didn’t get the job in spite of the fact that I had all the necessary qualifications
I didn’t get the job despite the fact (that) I had all the necessary qualifications.
Compare although and in spite of / despite:
• Although the traffic was bad.(CLAUSE) I arrived on time, (not in spite the traffic was bad)
In spite of the traffic, (NOUN)I arrived on time (not in spite the traffic was bad)
I couldn’t sleep although I was very tired (not despite I was tired)
I couldn’t sleep despite being very tired (not despite I was tired)
Reformulate using despite or in spite of
1. Tired/ yesterday/ have to work
2. good football player/not play well for this team
3. study a lot/ not pass the exam
4. not like English/ come to course/ need credits
5. a vegetarian/ sometimes hamburger
6. have severe backache/ go gym anyway
7. his bad attitude/ I help him
8. fog/ decide to drive home through the mountains
9. Go Paris/ terrorism alert
10. do homework/ not feel like it
Because ( of )
On account of is more formal than “because of” but the meaning is the same.
On account of the rain we decided to stay at home
Note. It must be followed by a noun (the rain) (the traffic)
Otherwise we have to make a longer sentence:
On account of the fact that it was raining
HOWEVER introduces a contrast to something previously stated
However can be used at the beginning of a sentence
He never seems to get fat. However, he is always eating.
However can also be introduced after the subject of the sentence:
“Its significance, however, was lost in the ensuing argument.”
Alternatively, it can be appended to the end of the sentence as a tag: “Its significance was lost in the ensuing argument, however.”
EXPRESSING CONTRAST
Although, though, even though, despite, in spite of, because (of), on account of
1. a) _____________________________ all our careful plans, a lot of things went wrong.
2. b) _____________________________ we had planned everything carefully, a lot of things went wrong.
3. a) I went home early _____________________________ I was feeling unwell.
4. b) I went to work the next day _____________________________ I was still feeling unwell.
5. a) She only accepted the job _____________________________ the salary, which was very high.
6. b) She accepted the job _____________________________ the salary, which was rather low.
7. a) I managed to get to sleep _____________________________ there was a lot of noise.
8. b) I couldn't get to sleep _____________________________ the noise.
9. a) _____________________________ it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday.
10 John rarely sees Paul ___________ they live in the same town.
11. Julie failed the exam ____________ of working very hard
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Transform
1.The weather was bad but we enjoyed our trip anyway.
Although ………………………………………………………
Despite …………………………………………………….
However ………………………………………………………….
2. The exam was very difficult but I succeeded in passing .
Spite ………………………………………………………..
Fact …………………………………………………………..
However………………………………………………………………..
3. I earn a low salary but I am happy with my job
Even …………………………………………………….
Despite …………………………………………………….
However………………………………………………………..
Which is correct?
1. ……………….his tiredness, he volunteered to do the shopping.
In spite Although However Despite
2. …………………..they didn’t win the cup, they had played very well all season.
Although However In spite of Despite
3. …………………….he apologised profusely, she never forgave him.
Even if Despite Although Nevertheless
4. ……………..being a conscientious worker, he lacks certain knowledge you need to do to do this job properly.
Although In spite of despite of In spite
5. He had studied linkers many times. ……………., he could never remember how to use them.
although however despite what is more