The Rise of Progressivism

The Rise of Progressivism

•  Early 1900s - ______of cities and industry during the Industrial Revolution created many problems within society

•  Social and political ______movements organized to solve these problems

•  Became known as ______

A variety of reformers tried to clean up problems created during the Gilded Age

•  Promote ______

•  Industrialization led to a rise in urbanization, immigration, poverty, and dangerous working conditions

•  Expand ______

•  City, state, and federal governments were seen as corrupt

•  Create ______

•  Corporate monopolies limited competition and workers’ wages and social reformers wanted to stop this

Writers Expose Corruption

______– journalists who helped the Progressive Movement by exposing the “muck” or corruption in society

•  Their articles fueled public demand for reform (think back to Jacob Riis & the tenements)

•  ______gave them this name

Government Reform

•  ______– the practice of giving government jobs in exchange for political support

•  Progressives wanted jobs to go to______workers

•  ______Civil Service Act, 1883

•  Federal law that said government jobs should be awarded on the basis of ______instead of political affiliation and also prevented termination for political reasons

•  Required ______for some government jobs

Expanding Democracy

•  ______– election that allows voters to choose candidates for public office

•  direct accountability for public officials

•  Other Reforms:

•  Initiative: voters may directly ______laws

•  Referendum: voters can ______proposed laws

•  Recall: elected officials can be ______of office

Creating Economic Reform

•  Progressives wanted to ______of big businesses and regulate activities

•  ______Antitrust Act, 1890

•  Made it illegal to seize control of a business by creating a ______

•  Not enforced by government at first

Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909)

•  A born ______

•  Known for fighting corruption in politics

•  Turned his fight into policy…

•  The ______

Roosevelt’s Square Deal

•  Roosevelt felt government’s purpose was to ensure ______or a “square deal”

•  Began reforming by ______the ______Antitrust Act

•  Successfully dissolved the Standard Oil Company, railroad, and tobacco trusts

Protecting Consumers

•  Roosevelt’s attention was turned to the meat-packing industry after reading ______book ______

•  Created reforms that raised standards for products sold to consumers

Food Reforms

•  ______

•  Created government inspection program to guarantee safe, sanitary meat

•  ______

•  Required product labels listing ingredients

•  Prohibited the exaggeration of benefits

•  These acts in turn end up promoting overall ______

Conserving Natural Resources

•  Roosevelt supported ______and controlled use of natural resources

•  Created the US Forest Service

Socialism Emerges

•  Some progressives, disturbed by problems created as a result of capitalism, turned to ______

•  Socialism: system in which the state controls the ______

William Howard Taft (1908-1913)

•  Continued Roosevelt’s attacks on______

•  Broke up twice as many as Roosevelt

•  The ______were passed during his term

•  Taft and Roosevelt ______on the issue of Conservation

Progressive Amendments

•  ______– gave Congress the power to create Federal Income Tax

•  Intent was to spread the cost of running the government to many people

•  New source of federal revenue

•  ______– gave voters the right to directly elect senators

•  Eliminated some corruption

Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921)

•  The ______and ______passed during his term

•  The Clayton Act served to lessoned competition and further prohibit monopolies while the Federal Reserve Act served to ______

Financial Reforms

•  Federal Reserve Act – created modern banking

•  Ensures money is distributed where it is needed

•  Created a more flexible currency system by allowing banks to control the money supply

•  ______interest rate for banks

•  They can ______and then ______

•  Clayton Antitrust Act, 1914

•  More restrictions on practices that ______

•  Gave government more power to regulate trusts

•  Allowed unions to expand

•  Legalized strikes

Prohibition

•  ______– the ban on the production and sale of alcohol

•  18th Amendment, 1919

•  Made Prohibition law

•  Repealed by the 21st Amendment

•  Bootleg sale of alcohol increased organized crime

New Roles for Women

•  Women had time to pursue new opportunities as:

•  Family size ______

•  New ______made housework ______

•  Opportunities outside the house

•  Telephone operator

•  Store clerk

•  Typist

•  Teaching

•  Nursing

•  ______– the right to vote

•  ______(NAWSA)

•  Worked towards women’s suffrage

•  Focused attention at state level

•  ______Amendment, 1920

•  Women gained full voting rights

Women Who Made a Difference

•  Jane Addams

•  Hull House, helped new immigrants and unemployed

•  Provided day care, kindergarten classes, after-school clubs

•  Carry Nation

•  Campaigned for prohibition using dramatic methods

•  Saw the dangerous effects of alcoholism first hand as the ex-wife of an alcoholic

•  Susan B. Anthony

•  Fought hard for women’s rights, 2nd president of NAWSA

•  Once fired for complaining that she earned less than a man who did the same job she did

•  Carrie Chapman Catt

•  President of NAWSA, supported Wilson in hopes of his support for women’s suffrage