Table E-1 - Data Included in Systematic Review

Table e-1 - Data included in systematic review

Author / Country / Population / Age / Syndrome / Case ascertainment / Date / Cases (n=) / % unknown / Incidence per 100,000 per year (95% CIs)
Studies with incidence estimates
Africa
14 / Libya / Patients with encephalitis among residents of Benghazi with CNS infection (CSF WCC >10) / Adults ≥15 yrs / Encephalitis / Prospective recruitment (own CD) / Jan83 – Dec84 / 5 / - / 1
(0.32-2.31)
15 / Nigeria / Patients admitted to medical facilities in local government area and transferred to referral hospital / Adults ≥16 yrs / Encephalitis / Prospective recruitment (own CD) / Oct91 – Oct93 / 7 / 14.3 / 3.19
(1.28-6.56)
Asia
16 / Thailand / All cases in country registered in routine disease surveillance system / All / Encephalitis / National routine disease surveillance system / 1983-1987 / 9114 / 50 / 4
(3.83-4.18)
17 / Japan / Children admitted to 36 hospitals / Children ≤15 yrs / Acute encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, acute encephalopathy, Reye's syndrome / Questionnaires to paediatricians re. patients with CNS involvement caused by definite or presumed infection, excluding involvement of spinal cord alone. Diagnosis confirmed using clinical/laboratory findings. / 1984-1990 / 256 / 59 / 3.3
(2.71-3.47)
18 / Japan / Cases in all hospitals in Yonago City / Adults / Encephalitis / Review of medical records (own CD) at University Hospital & by questionnaire sent to general hospitals for other cases / Feb88 – Dec92 / 6 / 33.3 / 0.9
(0.37-2.2)
19 / Thailand / Encephalitis reported to Ministry of Public Health / All / Viral encephalitis / Clinically diagnosed cases reported to Ministry of Public Health / Jan93 – Dec98 / 3829 / - / 1.07
(1.04-1.11)
20 / Cambodia / Children admitted paediatric referral hospital / Children ≤14 yrs / Encephalitis / Prospective recruitment (own CD) / Jul96 – Sep98 / 50 / 78 / 0.92
(0.69-1.22)
Europe
6 / England / Patients discharged from English hospitals / All / Viral encephalitis / Hospitalisation data with ICD codes / Apr89 – Mar98 / 6,414 / 60 / 1.5
(1.46-1.54)
13 / Slovenia / Children discharged from Dept Infectious Diseases, Ljubljana with diagnosis of acute encephalitis / Children
1 mth – 15 yrs / Encephalitis / Review of medical records (own CD) / 1979-1991 / 170 / 31.7 / 6.7
(6.13-7.32)
21 / Finland / Children with encephalitis from North Finland birth cohort (n=12,000) / Children <14 yrs / Viral encephalitis / Review of medical records (own CD), and records of neurology out-patient clinics and death certificates / 1966-1983 / 21 / 61.9 / 12.6
(7.86-19.41)
22 / Finland / Cases treated in Dept Neurology, University Central Hospital of Helsinki & residing in province of Uusimaa / Adults ≥15 yrs / Encephalitis / Review of medical records (own CD) & hospitalisation data with ICD codes / 1967-1991 / 322 / 49 / 1.5
(1.26-1.58)
23 / Finland / Patients treated at children’s hospital / Children 1 mth – 16 yrs / Encephalitis / Not reported / Jan68 – Dec87 / 462 / 32 / 8.3
(7.56-9.09)
24 / Finland / Patients treated at Dept of Pediatrics, University of Oulu / Children <16 yrs / Encephalitis / Review of medical records (own CD) & hospitalisation data with ICD codes / Jan73 – Dec87 / 95 / 38.9 / 8.8
(6.7-10.1)
25 / Finland / Patients treated prospectively at 1 hospital & those identified retrospectively in computerised hospital records of other Helsinki clinics / All / Encephalitis & meningoencephalitis / Review of medical records (own CD) & prospective recruitment (own CD) / 1980 / 17 / 22.2 / 3.5
(2.06-5.67)
26 / Finland / Cases cared for at Central or University Hospitals / Children 1 mth – 15 yrs / Encephalitis / Prospective recruitment (own CD) / Jan93 – Dec94 / 175 / 37.1 / 10.5
(9-12.18)
27 / Germany / ADEM cases in Paediatric Departments and Hospitals / Children <16 yrs / ADEM / Prospective recruitment (own CD) / Jan97 – Dec99 / 28 / - / 0.07
(0.05-0.1)
28 / France / HIV-negative individuals living in France and hospitalised in mainland hospital / All / Infectious encephalitis / Hospitalisation data with ICD codes / 2000-2002 / 3598 / 79.9 / 1.9
(1.84-1.96)
North America
7 / USA / Patients admitted to all US hospitals / All / Encephalitis classified into viral, other infectious, post-immunisation, toxic, other specified & unexplained / Hospitalisation data with ICD codes / 1988-1997 / 186,804 / 59.5 / 7.3
(5.6-8.1)
29 / USA / Residents in Olmsted County with diagnosis / All / Viral encephalitis / Review of medical records (own CD) / 1950-1981 / 189 / 85 / 8.1 (7-9)
30 / USA / Patients discharged from acute-care hospitals in California / All / Encephalitis / Hospitalisation data with ICD codes / 1990-1999 / 13,807 / 55.7 / 4.3
(4.2-4.4)
31 / USA / Patients from 3 principal paediatric hospitals in San Diego County / Children <20 yrs / ADEM / Hospitalisation data with ICD codes, prospective recruitment (own CD) & review of radiology reports / 1991-2000 / 42 / 81 / 0.4
(0.35-0.66)
Studies without incidence estimates
Asia
32 / Singapore / Children admitted to Paediatric Unit / Children 6 mth – 10 yrs / Encephalitis / Prospective recruitment (own CD) / 1962-1972 / 69 / 98.5 / -
33 / India / Children admitted with clinical diagnosis of encephalitis in children's ward of Gandhi Hospital / Children / Viral encephalitis / Prospective recruitment (own CD) / 1974-1975 / 77 / 61.1 / -
34 / India / Patients admitted to paediatric unit of 1 hospital / Children ≤7 yrs / Encephalitis / Prospective recruitment (own CD) / Jul82 – Dec87 / 891 / 22 / -
35 / Vietnam / Patients admitted to Neurology Ward of Bach Mai Hospital / All / Encephalitis / Prospective recruitment (own CD) / Jun-Aug 95 / 79 / 58.2 / -
36 / India / Cases admitted to a hospital in Madurai / Children 1-12 yrs / Encephalitis / Prospective recruitment (own CD) / Nov98 – Apr99 / 37 / 0 / -
37 / Taiwan / Children admitted to National Taiwan University Hospital / Children <16 yrs / Encephalitis & meningoencephalitis / Review of medical records (own CD) / Jan99 – Dec00 / 101 / 58.4 / -
38 / Iran / Children with final diagnosis ADEM in 2 educational and referral hospitals / Children <15 yrs / ADEM / Review of medical records (own CD) / 2000-2002 / 15 / 93.3 / -
39 / Taiwan / Patients admitted to 30 major hospitals & medical centres in different geographical regions in Taiwan / All ≥1 yr / Encephalitis / Prospective recruitment (own CD) / May00 – Dec01 / 127 / 31 / -
40 / Nepal / Patients who presented to A&E, paediatric wards or paediatric intensive care meeting CD / Children 1 mth – 14 yrs / Viral encephalitis / Prospective recruitment (own CD) / Jul00 – Jul01 / 94 / - / -
41 / India / Children admitted to one of two hospitals / Children ≤15 yrs / Encephalitis / Prospective recruitment (own CD) / Jul02 – Feb03 / 58 / 71 / -
42 / India / Patients presenting in Eastern Uttar Pradesh / All / Viral encephalitis / Prospective recruitment (own CD) / - / 105 / 98.9 / -
55 / China / Patients admitted with suspected viral encephalitis in 15 areas of China / All / Viral encephalitis / Prospective recruitment (own CD) / 1988-1990 / 614 / 71 / -
Europe
43 / Finland / Patients treated at Dept of Neurology / Adults ≥15 yrs / Encephalitis / Prospective recruitment (own CD) / Jan67 – Dec78 / 191 / 58.6 / -
44 / Germany / Children treated in paediatric hospitals & paediatric hospital depts / Children ≤16 yrs / Viral encephalitis / Hospitalisation data with ICD codes / 1980-1992 / 942 / 43.2 / -
45 / Spain / Patients attending maternal-child hospital with ADEM/post-infectious encephalitis in paediatric neuro dept or NICU/PICU / Children
1-15 yrs / ADEM / Review of medical records (own CD) / 1981-2004 / 12 / 75 / -
46 / Germany / Patients treated at Dept of Neurology, University of Gottingen / Adults ≥15 yrs / Bacterial encephalitis & meningoencephalitis / Review of medical records (own CD) & hospitalisation data with ICD codes / 1986-1991 / 68 / 26.1 / -
47 / France / Children hospitalised (consecutive cases) in one university hospital / Children
6 mth – 14 yrs / Encephalitis, ADEM, ataxia etc / Discharge coding system of the service and own CD / Jan91 – Dec02 / 32 / 19 / -
48 / Finland / Patients treated in neurologic, paediatric, or ID wards or ICUs of the 18 hospitals / All ≥1 mth / Viral encephalitis / Prospective recruitment (own CD) / 1995-1996 / 1,014 / 66.9 / -
North America
49 / USA / Patients diagnosed in New York State for whom samples were submitted / All / Encephalitis, meningoencephalitis & post-infectious encephalitis / Samples from patients with neurological symptoms / Mar-Nov 70 / 68 / 70.6 / -
50 / USA / Data in 1975 gathered from 815 patients with CNS infections in New York State (exclusive of NYC) / All / Encephalitis & meningoencephalitis / Ongoing surveillance of viral CNS infection by NY Department of Health virus labs / 1975 / 230 / 57.8 / -
51 / USA / Children discharged from one hospital / Children ≤20 yrs / Viral encephalitis / Review of medical records (own CD) / 1978-1989 / 75 / 76 / -
52 / Canada / Children admitted to multidisciplinary paediatric ICU (consecutive cases) / Children
≤9 yrs / Severe encephalitis / Prospective recruitment (own CD) / 1991-1996 / 14 / 57 / -
53 / Canada / Children admitted to Hospital for Sick Children / Children 1 mth – 17 yrs / Encephalitis / Prospective recruitment (own CD) / Jan94 – Dec95 / 50 / 60 / -
54 / USA / Patients referred from institutions throughout California / All / Encephalitis / Prospective recruitment (own CD) / 1998-2005 / 1,570 / 76.4 / -

ADEM = Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis; CD=Case definition; CI=Confidence intervals; CNS = Central nervous system; CSF WCC = Cerebrospinal fluid white cell count; ICD = International Classification of Diseases; ICU = Intensive care unit; ID = Infectious diseases; NICU = Neonatal intensive care unit; NY = New York; NYC = New York City; PICU = Paediatric intensive care unit