Site diagnosis report - Ornithology
SITE DIAGNOSIS REPORT
Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands
NARTA - Ornithology
Taulant Bino* & Nikolla Peja+
* Museum of Natural Sciences, Rruga e Kavajes 132, Tirana, Albania
+ Faculty of Natural Sciences, Tirana University, Tirana, Albania
1. Introduction
Narta is a wetland complex composed by many different habitats. It is bordered in the north by Vjosa river, includes Zhuka lagoon, agricultural area of Akernia, Narta lagoon and saltpans up to Zverrneci hills in the south. In the east the area is limited by Panaja hills while in the west occurs the Adriatic sea. The area has a surface of circa 10,000 ha. It has no protection status although it is considered as one of the most Important Bird Areas (IBAs) of Albania (Casale & Bino 2000). Each habitat shelters different species of animals. Birds are one of the most important faunistical groups of the complex.
1.1. Narta in ornithological references
As many other Albanian wetlands, Narta has been rarely visited by ornithologists. Our former knowledge had been sinthethised in the articles of Ticehurst & Whistler (1932), Whistler (1936) and Kattinger (1958) which traveled in the area during 30’s and 40’s. They brought an exhaustive list of species with very few comments on their distribution. In many cases the authors describe species in habitats that were completely altered by man after the 50’s. Then for more than 40 years, Narta has to be mentioned only once by the ornithological literature (Lamani & Puzanov 1962).
Crockford & Sutherland (1991) after a trip in different IBAs of Albania stressed the ornithological importance through figures of nesting birds, and they pointed the urgent need for a change in the conservation status of the area. Since their report, many surveys have been conducted, aiming either the census of wintering (Hagemeyer et al. 1994, Kayser et al. 1995, 1997, and Bino et al. 1996) or nesting waterbirds (Bino 1998, Zekhuis & Tempelman 1998). Those recent works bring new quantitative data on birds, give more information on the conservation status of the area (Bino et al. 1996), propose management measures for nesting waterbirds (see Defos du Rau & Bino 1998) and identify the relative national and international importance of Narta for waterbirds (Tempelman & Defos du Rau 1998).
1.2. Relevance of the site to birds
Former studies mentioned before and actual data (Bino unpublished) figure out that Narta is a site of outstanding importance for birds. 192 species have been observed in the area up to now (see Annex 1 for a detailed list of species).
Waterbirds compose the most characteristic group of the complex. For that reason each survey has been concentrated in this group. The winter censuses undertaken in the period of 95-97 register an average of 38000 waterbirds (Table 1).
Table 1. Results of winter census of 1995-1997
Year / 1995 / 1996 / 1997Nr. of species / 33 / 32 / 35
Nab. of individuals / 14651 / 19638 / 81223
National % / 10.2 / 10.9 / 33
The majority of birds, nearly 91%, are using mainly the lagoon waters. Ducks (Anas sp.) and Coots (Fulica atra) were the most numerous with respectively 47% (18000 individuals) and 35% (13500 individuals).
Breeding season registers also high number of waterbirds (see Table 2 and Annexes XXX) with 831 nesting pairs in 1996 (Tempelman & Defos du Rau 1998) and 633 in 2000 (Bino & Peja unpublished). At this time of the year the lagoon serves more as a feeding ground for birds while the saltpans with their islands and dikes offer nesting sites for 88% of the breeding pairs. Terns and waders are the most numerous breeders with respectively 49% (364 couples) and 43% (320 couples).
Table 2. Nesting waterbirds of Narta area
Year / 1996 / 2000Nr. of species / 17 / 19
Nr. of breeding pairs / 831 / 633
The data of the last years pointed Narta as the second most important site for waterbirds in Albania, with Karavasta being the first one. In winter more than 20% of all Albanian waterbirds find refuge in the area. For more than 31 species the area holds more than 6% of national effective (Table 3). For Flamingos Phoenicopterus ruber roseus, Shelduck Tadorna tadorna, Pintail Anas acuta, Goldeneye Bucephala clangula, and Kentish Plover Narta is the main wintering site of Albania. It is worth to be mentioned the presence of the Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus (10%) and Audouini’s Gull Larus audouinii (100%), both considered as Globally Endangered Species.
Table 3. National importance of Narta for wintering waterbirds
Proportions of national figures according to Bino 1998
Species /National %
Podiceps cristatus
/ 15.04Phalacrocorax carbo / 20.81
Pelecanus crispus
/ 10.02Ardea cinerea / 12.50
Phoenicopterus ruber roseus / 50.51
Anser albifrons / 32.43
Tadorna tadorna / 39.20
Anas penelope / 30.83
Anas crecca / 22.58
Anas platyrhynchos / 22.41
Anas acuta / 44.88
Anas clypeata / 15.06
Aythya ferina / 6.97
Bucephala clangula / 37.34
Mergus albellus / 16.67
Mergus serrator / 16.30
Fulica atra / 19.84
Haematopus ostralegus / 22.86
Vanellus vanellus / 8.39
Charadrius alexandrinus / 52.09
Pluvialis apricaria / 35.33
Pluvialis squatarola / 33.74
Calidris alpina / 24.58
Numenius arquata / 6.72
Tringa erythropus / 5.65
Tringa totanus / 29.87
Tringa nebularia / 9.09
Tringa ochropus / 25.00
Larus ridibundus / 28.38
Larus genei / 16.01
Larus audouinii / 100.00
Total species / 20.25
For three breeding species, Kentish Plover Charadrius alexandrinus, Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus and Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta, Narta is Albania’s most important sites. For the other species listed in Table 4, Narta is the second most important site of the country.
Table 4. National importance of Narta for nesting waterbirds
Proportions of national figures according to Tempelman & Defos du Rau 1998
Species / National %Charadrius alexandrinus / 50
Himantopus himantopus / 100
Recurvirostra avosetta / 60
Burhinus oedicnemus / 30
Glareola pratincola / 25
Sterna hirundo / 10
Sterna albifrons / 40
Narta is also a site of international importance. The area fulfills the Ramsar criteria (Wetlands of International Importance) for the total number of wintering waterbirds with more than 38500 individuals (20000 individuals being a Ramsar criteria). For three species the area holds more than 1% of the regional population (Table 5).
Table 5. International importance of Narta for wintering and nesting waterbirds
Proportions of regional populations according to Rose & Scott 1997
Species / Population / Regional %Anas penelope (Wi) / West Siberia/North-East Europe Black Sea/Mediterranean / 2%
Himantopus himantopus (Br) / Black Sea/Mediterranean / 1.24%
Charadrius alexandrinus (Br) / Europe / 0.64%
Sterna albifrons (Br) / Black Sea/Mediterranean / 1.2%
Wi- wintering; Br - breeding
1.3. Dynamics and evolution of the species group in the country, region and site
Waterbirds are the only group of bird species for which the dynamics and evolution could be verified. For other birds such evaluation is rather impossible since they have never been subjects of regular inventories.
Wintering waterbirds show an important fluctuation in numbers. The situation follows that of Albania where such an evolution was also verified (Figure 1). Further analysis (Bino 1998) have shown that this situation is typical for the larger and less disturbed Albanian wetlands such as Karavasta, Scadar, Ohrid and Megali Prespa.
The highest number has been recorded in 1997. Those figures could be explained by the harsh wintering conditions all over Europe. As results, birds seek for wetlands further south and Narta could be one of them.
The evolution on breeding waterbirds is for the moment not possible because the set of comparative data gathers only two years, 1999 and 2000, Numbers registered do not allow to find if it is rather a decrease or fluctuation. The latter phenomenon is quite normal in animal populations.
2. Species
Seven Globally Endangered Species (Table 6) have been observed in Narta area. The most common of them is the Dalmatian Pelican and Lesser Kestrel. The first species is found all the year round but no breeding attempt has been recorded up to now. The second one is a migratory species, flocks of which are seen quite often during the period of August-September (Bino unpublished).
The other species are observed occasionally. Pygmy Cormorant is a very rare migrant. It is attracted by fresh water marshes, which do not occur in the area. Since the complex is very saline, the species does not prefer it.
Table 6. Globally Endangered Species observed in Narta area
Species / StatusPygmy Cormorant / Phalacrocorax pygmeus / LRnt
Dalmatian Pelican / Pelecanus crispus / VU
Ferruginous Duck / Aythya nyroca / VU
White-headed Duck / Oxyura leucocephala / VU
White-tailed Eagle / Haliaeetus albicilla / LRnt
Great Spotted Eagle / Aquila clanga / VU
Lesser Kestrel / Falco naumanni / VU
LRnt – Lesser Risk nearly threatened; VU - Vulnerable
Ferruginous Duck has been observed in the past. There are no more observations in nowadays due to the large hidorlogical changes in the area which affected also the species living habitats. The last record of White-headed Duck dates on winter 1993. Since the species is not seen any more. White-tailed Eagle and Great Spotted Eagle are very rare wintering birds. Both species are observed time to time in the pine forest.
64 bird species of Narta have an unfavorable European Conservation Status. Any conservation measure undertaken in the area would than have a broader impact than the local one.
3. Analysis
me te madh sesa ai lokal.
3.1. Ecological interest of the site
Narta is a site of particular ecological interest in Albania. This could be explained by many reasons:
- Narta has a very high diversity of habitats and species
- It plays a key role for the maintenance of many species in Albania, such as the Dalmatian Pelican, Avocet, Pintail, Goldeneye, Kentish Plover etc.
- Narta is the second most important site for birds in Albania
- It holds figures of international importance for three species of waterbirds
- Narta shelters 7 Globally Endangered Species
- It serves as an example of coexistence between the activity of man (saltpans) and the wildlife (nesting waterbirds)
3.2. Level of sensitivity of the different habitats used by interesting species
The diversity of habitats is a characteristic of the area and explains much of the high species richness. Thus each action undertaken in the habitats would immediately affect the species present inside of it. A sesnsitivity level is important to prioritise our future interventions in the area.
A) Lagoons
It is the predominant and more sensitive habitat in Narta. It is composed by Narta lagoon, Zhuka lagoon. They offer good habitats for wintering birds while not suitable sites for nesting waterbirds.
- Narta
It is a shallow eutrophicated lagoon. It suffers from (i) pollution and (ii) partial drought periods.
(i) Pollution is organic and non-organic. Organic pollution is strengthened by the entrance of sewage waters in the southern-eastern part of the lagoon coming from Vlora City and Narta village. Furthermore, the channel brings also of rubbish, such as pesticide and insecticide boxes, plastic sacks etc.
Industrial inorganic pollution needs further verification but it used to be a problem in the past. An abandoned PVC factory left toxic wastes in a basin situatedin the southern part of the complex and divided with the lagoon by a dike (During our survey birds were using the basin for feeding and roosting.showing a lesser concentration of pollutants). On the other hand, wastes were disposed in the seawaters. It is very likely that some amount of waste was entering in the lagoon through the communication channels. An evaluation of pollutants in the basin and the lagoon is a point of particular concern.
(ii) The lagoon is linked to the sea via two channels. Sedimentation is rather strong and channels are often filled up. Their maintenance is done by private enterprises dealing with fisheries. When the channels are closed the lagoon suffers drought periods. This process is speeded by the intervention of salt industry that during summer takes water from the lagoon. Its intervention could be rather disastrous to the lagoon during the period when the channels are closed, bringing the water levelsin their lowest values. In summer of 1995, due to the closure of channels and salinas intervention more than 50% of the lagoon surface was totally dry causing high levels of eutrophication and the death of fish. But what is the real impact of the salinas industry or even agriculture is a process that need further hydrological studies.
2. Zhuka lagoon
It’s a shallow and small coastal wetland. It is an important site for migratory birds such as Dunlin, Redshank etc. that exploit the mudflats created after the evaporation of water. Human disturbance reduces its role during wintering and migrating period. Many hunters are generally observed and birds roost mainly in the sea.
The fluctuation of its water levels and the absence of good nesting sites make the wetland of minor importance to nesting waterbirds.
The area suffers also from poisoning of its waters for illegal fishery purposes. In 1995 a large amount of dead fish were found in the lagoon (Bino pers. obs.).
The actual upgrading of the former existing road will highly increase the pressure on the wetland and its wildlife.
B. Vjosa outlet
Humans largely degrade the environment surrounding the river mouth. The ripisilva is heavily damaged and not suitable for birds. Disturbance on the surrounding is very high. Poison and dynamite are also occasionally used for fishing although its effects seem relatively small.
C. Narta Saltpans
Man induced habitat very suitable for waterbirds nesting in the dikes and islands mainly. Disturbance seem to be very high (hunters were killing birds during the breeding season in a period when hunting is stopped by the hunting regulation) causes severe damages to birds. Most of the nesting sites are or becoming eroded making the nest unsafe from windy waves and floods. It is necessary that human intervention in the salinas should also follow the advice of biologist. Both sides could have compatible opinions.
D. Arable land
Former marshland it was changed in the 60’s in arable land. The area is now abandoned on most part of it. Halophytic vegetation is composed by Salocornia sp. In its actual stage the area is suitable site for nesting Stone Curley Burhinus oedicnemus, Collared Pratincoles Glareola pratincola and Larks Alaudidae. In winter most part of it remain flooded and serve as feeding grounds for waterbirds, mainly waders.
Overgrazing and consistent human disturbance heavily influence its use from birds.
E. Sand dunes
Landscape beauties, the last intact sand dunes of Albania. Not very useful to birds due to the high level of human disturbance and human interventions such as forestry initiatives (planting of trees …)
This habitat could be soon endangered since the human pressure in the area is likely to increase in the near future.
F. Pine forest
It builds the western border of Narta area. Different parts of the forest are heavily damaged by human intervention such as building activities and logging. In the northern part a new village of shepherds has been recently built and it is likely that the actual village will enlarge its borders with the new arrivals.
As the other parts of the complex risks with the near development of tourism.
D. Oliveyards
Situated mainly in the southern part of the complex, surrounding Narta and Zverrneci villages, it is an artificial habitat suitable for many small nesting birds such as Olivaceous Warbler, Finches etc. Parts of it have been destroyed in the last years as firewood. There is no urgent risk for the moment.
ANNEXES
Annex 1. Complete list of species
The updated list of species presented here is the result of our own observations as well as those of Ticehurst & Whistler (1932), Whistler (1936), Kattinger (1960), Lamani & Puzanov (1962), Crockford & Sutherland (1991), Hagemeyer et al. (1994), Kayser et al. (1995, 1997), Bino et al. (1996) and Zekhuis & Tempelman (1998).
Scientific name / Albanian name1 / Tachybaptus ruficollis / Kredharaku i vogel
2 / Podiceps cristatus / Kredharaku i madh
3 / Podiceps grisegena / Kredharaku faqehirte
4 / Podiceps nigricollis / Kredharaku gushezi
5 / Calonectris diomedea / Lajmetari i madh i furtunes
6 / Puffinus yelkouan / Lajmetari i vogel i furtunes
7 / Sula bassana / Basani i cmendur
8 / Phalacrocorax carbo / Karabullaku i detit
9 / Phalacrocorax pygmeus / Karabullaku i vogel
10 / Pelecanus crispus / Pelikani kacurrel
11 / Ixobrychus minutus / Gakthi i vogel
12 / Nycticorax nycticorax / Capka e nates
13 / Ardeola ralloides / Capka e verdhe
14 / Egretta garzetta / Capka e bardhe e vogel
15 / Egretta alba / Capka e madhe e bardhe
16 / Ardea cinerea / Capka e perhime
17 / Ardea purpurea / Capke rrudhi
18 / Ciconia ciconia / Lejleku
19 / Plegadis falcinellus / Kojliku i zi
20 / Platalea leucorodia / Capka sqepluge
21 / Phoenicopterus ruber roseus / Lejleku krahekuq
22 / Cygnus olor / Mjelma me xhunge
23 / Anser albifrons / Pata ballebardhe
24 / Anser anser / Pata e eger
25 / Tadorna tadorna / Laroshja
26 / Anas penelope / Kryekuqe e madhe
27 / Anas strepera / Rosa e perhime
28 / Anas crecca / Rosa kere
29 / Anas platyrhynchos / Kuqla qafegjelber
30 / Anas acuta / Rosa bishtgjele
31 / Anas querquedula / Marsatorja
32 / Anas clypeata / Sqepluga
33 / Aythya ferina / Kryekuqe e mjeme
34 / Aythya nyroca / Kryekuqe e vogel
35 / Aythya fuligula / Rosa laramane me cafke
36 / Bucephala clangula / Rosa me kater sy
37 / Mergus albellus / Zhytesi i vogel laraman
38 / Mergus serrator / Zhytesi i mesem me callme
39 / Oxyura leucocephala / Rosa kokebardhe
40 / Pernis apivorus / Huta grenxangrenese
41 / Milvus migrans / Huta e zeze bishtgershere
42 / Haliaeetus albicilla / Shqiponja e detit
43 / Circus aeruginosus / Shqipja e kenetes
44 / Circus cyaneus / Shqipja e fushes
45 / Accipiter nisus / Gjeraqina e shkurtes
46 / Buteo buteo / Huta
47 / Buteo lagopus / Huta me kalca
48 / Aquila clanga / Shqiponja e madhe e rosave
49 / Falco naumanni / Skifteri kthetraverdhe
50 / Falco tinnunculus / Skifteri kthetrazi
51 / Falco vespertinus / Skifteri kembekuq
52 / Falco columbarius / Skifteri i vogel
53 / Falco subbuteo / Skifteri i drureve
54 / Falco peregrinus / Krahethati
55 / Perdix perdix / Thelleza e fushes
56 / Coturnix coturnix / Shkurta
57 / Rallus aquaticus / Gjeli i ujit
58 / Porzana pusilla / Porzana e vogel
59 / Gallinula chloropus / Puleza e ujit
60 / Fulica atra / Bajza
61 / Haematopus ostralegus / Laraska e detit
62 / Vanellus vanellus / Gicvilja
63 / Himantopus himantopus / Kaloresi
64 / Recurvirostra avosetta / Sqepbiza
65 / Burhinus oedicnemus / Gjelaci symadh
66 / Glareola pratincola / Dallendyshe deti
67 / Charadrius dubius / Vraponjesi i vogel
68 / Charadrius hiaticula / Vraponjesi i madh
69 / Charadrius alexandrinus / Vraponjesi gushebardhe
70 / Pluvialis apricaria / Gjelaci pikalosh ngjyre ari
71 / Pluvialis squatarola / Gjeleza pikaloshe
72 / Arenaria interpres / Gjeleza laramane
73 / Calidris alba / Gjeleza me tri gishta
74 / Calidris minuta / Gjelaci i vogel
75 / Calidris temminckii / Gjelaci xhuxh
76 / Calidris ferruginea / Gjeleza gushekuqe
77 / Calidris alpina / Gjeleza gushezeze
78 / Philomachus pugnax / Luftetari
79 / Gallinago gallinago / Shapka e ujit
80 / Limosa limosa / Gjeleza e madhe bishtzeze
81 / Numenius arquata / Kojliku i madh
82 / Tringa erythropus / Qyrylyku i murrme
83 / Tringa totanus / Qyrylyku kembeqirize
84 / Tringa stagnatilis / Qyrylyku sqepholle
85 / Tringa nebularia / Qyrylyku i madh
86 / Tringa ochropus / Qyrylyku kembeperhime
87 / Tringa glareola / Qyrylyku i zallit
88 / Actitis hypoleucos / Qyrylyku i vogel
89 / Larus melanocephalus / Pulebardha kokezeze
90 / Larus ridibundus / Pulebardha e zakonshme
91 / Larus genei / Pulebardha roze
92 / Larus audouinii / Pulebardha e kepit
93 / Larus canus / Pulebardha e perhime
94 / Larus fuscus / Pulebardha mesatare shpinezeze
95 / Larus cachinnans / Pulebardha kembeverdhe
96 / Gelochelidon nilotica / Dallendyshe deti kembezeze
97 / Sterna caspia / Dallendyshe deti e madhe
98 / Sterna sandvicensis / Sterni dimerak
99 / Sterna hirundo / Dallendyshe e zakonshme deti
100 / Sterna albifrons / Dallendyshe deti ballebardhe
101 / Chlidonias hybridus / Dallendyshe deti faqebardhe
102 / Chlidonias niger / Dallendyshe deti e zeze
103 / Chlidonias leucopterus / Dallendyshe deti krahebardhe
104 / Columba livia / Pellumbi e eger i shkembit
105 / Columba oenas / Pellumbi i eger i pyllit
106 / Streptopelia decaocto / Kumuria
107 / Streptopelia turtur / Turtulli
108 / Otus scops / Gjoni
109 / Athene noctua / Kukuvajka
110 / Strix aluco / Kukuvajka e pyjeve
111 / Apus apus / Dejka
112 / Apus melba / Dejka gjoksbardhe
113 / Alcedo athis / Bilbili peshkatar
114 / Merops apiaster / Gargulli
115 / Upupa epops / Pupeza
116 / Dendrocopos syriacus / Qukapiku i zakonshem larosh
117 / Melanocorypha calandra / Drenja e madhe qafezeze
118 / Calandrella brachydactyla / Drenja e perhimte
119 / Galerida cristata / Dervishi
120 / Lullula arborea / Drenja
121 / Alauda arvensis / Lauresha
122 / Riparia riparia / Dallendyshe e lumit
123 / Hirundo daurica / Dallendyshe kerbishtkuqe
124 / Delichon urbica / Dallendyshe kerbishtbardhe
125 / Anthus richardi / Drenja e Ricardit
126 / Anthus campestris / Drenja e fushes
127 / Anthus trivialis / Drenja e pyllit
128 / Anthus pratensis / Drenja e luadhit
129 / Anthus cervinus / Drenja gushekuqe
130 / Anthus spinoletta / Drenja e malit
131 / Motacilla flava / Bishtatundesi i verdhe
132 / Motacilla cinerea / Bishtatundesi i malit
133 / Motacilla alba / Bishtatundesi i bardhe
134 / Troglodytes troglodytes / Cerri
135 / Prunella modularis / Dredhuesi gusheperhime
136 / Cettia cetti / Bilbili i kenetave
137 / Acrocephalus schoenobaenus / Bilbilthi i zhukave
138 / Cisticola juncidis / Sqepholli i xunktheve
139 / Acrocephalus scirpaceus / Bilbilthi i kallamave
140 / Acrocephalus arundinaceus / Bilbilthi fushor i kallamave
141 / Hippolais olivetorum / Perqeshesi i madh i ullinjve
142 / Hippolais pallida / Perqeshesi i vogel i ullinjve
143 / Sylvia hortensis / Bilbilthi kengetar
144 / Sylvia atricapilla / Bilbilthi kokezi
145 / Sylvia communis / Bilbilthi i perhime
146 / Sylvia melanocephala / Bilbilthi kokezi gushebardhe
147 / Sylvia conspicillata / Bilbilthi me syze
148 / Phylloscopus collybita / Fishkellyesi i vogel
149 / Phylloscopus trochilus / Fishkellyesi gusheverdhe
150 / Regulus regulus / Mbretethi
151 / Erithacus rubecula / Gushekuqi
152 / Luscinia megarhynchos / Bilbili
153 / Phoenicurus ochruros / Bishtkuqi zeshkan
154 / Saxicola rubetra / Ceku vetullbardhe
155 / Saxicola torquata / Ceku kokezi
156 / Oenanthe oenanthe / Bishtbardha e gurit
157 / Oenanthe hispanica / Bishtbardha vetullzeze
158 / Muscicapa striata / Mizakapesi i perhime
159 / Turdus merula / Mellenja
160 / Turdus pilaris / Tusha e madhe e fushes
161 / Turdus philomelos / Tusha kengetare
162 / Parus ater / Trishtili i zi
163 / Parus caeruleus / Trishtili i kalter
164 / Parus major / Trishtili i madh
165 / Certia brachydactyla / Rrotulluesi gishtshkurter
166 / Remiz pendulinus / Kolovatesi
167 / Oriolus oriolus / Bengu
168 / Lanius collurio / Larashi kurrizkuq
169 / Lanius senator / Larashi kokekuq
170 / Pica pica / Laraska bishtgjate
171 / Corvus monedula / Gala
172 / Corvus frugilegus / Korbi sqepbardhe
173 / Corvus corone cornix / Sorra
174 / Corvus corax / Korbi
175 / Sturnus vulgaris / Cerloi i zi pikalosh
176 / Passer domesticus / Harabeli
177 / Passer hispaniolensis / Harabeli gjokszi
178 / Passer montanus / Harabeli i fushes
179 / Fringilla coelebs / Zboraks
180 / Fringilla montifringilla / Zboraksi i malit
181 / Serinus serinus / Zog bari sqepshkurter
182 / Carduelis chloris / Verduni
183 / Carduelis carduelis / Gardalina
184 / Carduelis spinus / Cerla dimerake
185 / Carduelis cannabina / Kerpngrenesi
186 / Coccothraustes coccothraustes / Sqeptrashi
187 / Emberiza citrinella / Cerla verdhashe
188 / Emberiza cirlus / Cerla gushegjelber
189 / Emberiza cia / Cerla e malit
190 / Emberiza schoeniclus / Cerla e kallamishteve
191 / Emberiza melanocephala / Cerla kokezeze
192 / Miliaria calandra / Cerla e zakonshme
Annex 3. Brief description of the methodology used in the field