Study guide: Mitosis and Meiosis
Know the following terms:
DNA
Somatic cells
Gametic cells
Diploid
Haploid
Chromosomes
Chromatids
Spindle
Centromere
Cell plate
Nondisjunction
Cancer
karyotype
Sexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction
Spermatogenesis
Oogenesis
Binary fission
Trisomy
zygote
Cleavage furrow
Crossing over
Independent assortment
1. Why does mitosis occur?
2. Know the phases of mitosis and meiosis (be able to recognize phases given a diagram.)
3. What is the chromosome number after mitosis?
4. What would the chromosome number be in each phase of mitosis or meiosis?
5. What are the differences between mitosis and meiosis?
6. Why does meiosis occur? What would happen if the chromosome number were not reduced during meiosis before fertilization?
7. Know the phases of meiosis
8. What is the chromosome number after meiosis?
9. Know the differences between mitosis and meiosis.
10. Be able to draw any phase of either process.
11. Compare the features of mitotic metaphase, meiotic metaphase I, and meiotic metaphase II.
12. The information needed by a cell to direct its activities and to determine its characteristics is contained in molecules of ______.
13. Each human somatic cell contains two copies of each chromosome for a total of ____ homologous chromosomes.
14. Human ______cells have 23 chromosomes (which is haploid). 22 are ______and 1 is a sex chromosome.
15. What is diploid and what kinds of cells are diploid?
16. ______is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell division.
17. ______occurs when each pair of chromosomes segregates (separates) independently.
18. Down syndrome occurs as a result of ______of chromosome 21 during cell division.
19. Chromatids separate from each other during ______phase.
20. When does cytokinesis occur?
21. In plant cells, cytokinesis results in the formation of a ______in the center of a dividing cell.
22. Cells spend most of their lifetime in ______phase.
23. Meiosis produces ______nuclei that have ______the chromosome number of the parent cell.
24. Why does crossing over take place?
25. ______is the exchange of corresponding portions of chromatids between homologous chromosomes.
26. ______is the process by which bacteria reproduce.
27. The point at which two chromatids are attached to each other in a chromosome is called a(n) ______.
28. ______are pairs of chromosomes containing genes that code for the same traits.
29. Meiosis produces ____ viable egg and 4 viable sperm cells.
30. XX represents ______and XY represents ______.
31. People with Down syndrome have ______chromosomes.
32. Down syndrome is an example of ______.
33. A gamete will receive too many or too few homologues of a chromosome if ______occurs.
34. During the haploid life cycle, the ______is the only diploid cell.
35. In the life cycle of a plant, the ______is the haploid phase that produces gametes by mitosis.
36. What is a karyotype used for?
37. The process of producing offspring is called ______. This can be sexual or ______.