Watershed/Wetland Webquest Notes
Begin with the Lentic/Lotic System Webquest on my website. Make sure you read about lentic and lotic systems. Click on each link for lotic and lentic.
- A ______has water that flows.
Examples include:
______,
______
runs,
______
______
brooks
______
- A ______has waters that are still. Examples include:
______
basin______
______
______
seeps, - Puddles when groundwater hit the surface.
______
______, temporary pools of water that are higher in the spring.
3.There are over ______of lakes and streams in Pennsylvania.
4.More than ______of rivers and streams in Pennsylvania have been identified as being polluted from abandoned ______, ______, sewers and urban ______.
5. Complete the LOTIC and LENTIC activity on the next page. Click the Blue words that say “Click here to begin”. Write your answers the next attached page to the packet. Hand in for grading.
6.Go back to my webquests and select “Wetlands Webquest” and Select 1st “Intro to Wetlands”.
7.Wetlands include______, ______, ______, and peatlands. They are areas where land and water meet and are wet for most or ______of the year. Animals in wetlands are both ______and ______making a wetland an ecotone area.
8.Wetlands filter out ______and ______from the surrounding area making the water discharged much ______.
9.Wetlands are found along the shorelines of ______s, ______, ______and in local ______.
10.Wetlands are also crucial habitats for many ______and ______, and act as sinks for natural and man-made contaminants.
11.What are the 10 values of wetlands?
A.______: Many different ______and ______species keep energy flow going in a wetlands.
B.______rely on wetlands for reproduction and shelter during different life stages. Shorebirds, geese and ducks use wetlands as resting places during their long migrations.
C.______- ______: People have been building dykes and dams to help with flooding; however, recently people have realized the importance of ______and are trying to ______them.
D.Grasses, sedges, and cattails stabilize the shorelines in wetlands by reducing the ______of ______,______, and other ______forces. Their roots trap ______preventing the loss of ______. If wetland areas are built on, ______can happen faster than it would naturally and people may find their homes ______away after a storm. Wetlands helps the results of coastal ______, especially if ______and coastal forested swamps are present.
E.Wetlands ______excess water and ______groundwater supplies.
F.Wetlands ______out sediment and decomposing plant matter from water.
G.Wetlands retain ______, especially ______and ______, through accumulation in subsoil or storage in vegetation. Wetlands ______nutrients from water, preventing ______ (nutrient overloading), thus improving ______, and act as a nutrient source returning them to their surroundings. Nitrates are converted to nitrogen gas and returned to the atmosphere. Wetlands function as ______, accumulating carbon as organic matter without releasing it as carbon dioxide.
H.Wetlands are used for ______-, ______, ______, and other forms of outdoor recreation.
I.Wetlands are used for ______-______in many areas of the world. In ______, rice is grown in rich fertile floodplain soils and makes up the most common food staple in the country. ______are grown in cranberry bogs in the north eastern United States. Harvesting and burning ______provides an energy source in many parts of the world including Russia and Denmark. Wetlands are an intricate part of ______resources and ______-______
J.Wetlands are the most ______-environments which are home to a broad variety of______and ______.
12.Threats to the Wetlands
Human:______is the leading cause of wetland destruction.
Many other wetlands have been ______for mosquito ______, navigation and flood ______.
______, ______of roads, and ______projects contribute to the growing wetland destruction
Biological:Carp are ______, consuming a broad range of other ______and ______. When feeding, they suck up mud from the bottom and then expel it, selecting food items while they are suspended in the water. Carp directly ______vegetation, and their feeding and spawning behavior interferes with plant ______by increasing the ______of the water so that sunlight cannot penetrate. Their persistence makes it difficult for wetland plants to re-establish themselves in areas where the natural wetland ecosystem has been disrupted.
The impact of ______on native vegetation has been severe in some areas, where it causes the wetland to dry out suppressing native species. There are indications of reductions in ______and aquatic mammal ______because purple loosestrife does not provide suitable habitat for ______, ______or ______.
Go to my website under daily lessons. Find County Wetlands. Answer the following questions based on the article.
1.Four other names for wetlands are ______, ______, ______and ______.
2.Two services that have helped preserve wetlands are the ______with the ______Program and ______with the Wetland ______Program.
3.Other Services that regulate wetlands are the ______and ______.
4.Name the 3 types of wetlands in PA. Tell 2 important facts about each one.
5.Using the table on the page, how many acres of wetlands does Bedford County have?
6.Which county has the most acres of wetlands?
7.Which county has the least acres of wetlands?
8.When you contrast Northcentral DEP region and SouthCentral DEP region , Who has the most acres of wetlands? How many more acres does the region have?
Go to the PLANTS AND ANIMALS IN THE WETLANDS on my website. Answer the following questions about wetlands.
1. How many threatened or endangered animals inhabit wetlands in the United States?
2. What are the 5 species that inhabit a wetland out of survival needs?
3. What is the special name for these 5 species?
4. What do we call the species that are not dependent on the wetlands’ habitat?
5. Give at least 2 examples of these species in PA.
6. What are the 3 species of water fowl?
7. Comparing shorebirds and wading birds, which are most prevalent in PA?
8. What are at least 3 examples of each, shorebirds and wading birds?
9. What are the 4 species of game birds that make their habitat in the wetlands?
10. Of these four, which is the PA state bird?
11. Of the 4 species above, which is best linked to the wetlands?
12. What are the 4 obligate mammals that inhabit wetlands?
13. Name 2 other wetland mammals other than the 4 listed above.
14. Why are the wetlands a home for reptiles and amphibians?
15. What are the 5 most common fish that are in wetlands?
16. What are 2 examples of invertebrate decomposers in the wetlands?
17. Give 3 examples of submergent or floating plants.
18. Give 3 examples of emergent plants.
19. Give 3 examples of common shrubs that grow in the wetlands.
20. Give 3 examples of common trees that grow in the wetlands.
21. What does the NRCS define as wetland soil? Give a brief description of this soil.
22. What are the 2 types of soil you might find in the wetlands?
WATERSHED WEBQUEST: Daily Lesson Plans
1.What is a watershed?
2.What are the 6 watersheds in PA? Circle our watershed.
3.How are watershed shapes determined?
4.In a forest watershed, where does most of the water come from that ends up in streams. Hint: There are two major places. Remember precipitation is absorbed into the ground.
5.Forest watersheds are an important source of ______.
6. In fact ______of our drinking water in PA comes from forest watersheds.
7.What damage has acid rain been linked to in forest watersheds in PA? Name 2.
8.Human activities can change 2 things about a watershed. What are they?
9.Who should protect this resource?
Let’s take a trip to Bedford County Streams. On my Daily Lessons choose” Bedford County Streams”. Answer the following questions about impaired streams in Bedford County.
1.What does an impaired stream or lake mean?
2.Contrast point source pollution and non-point source pollution.
3.What are the 5 non-point source pollution that occurs in Bedford county?
4.What are the 2 point source pollution that occurs in Bedford County?
5.What is the state agency that surveys the streams to determine this information?
6.What are the 2 primary problems that impair the streams in Bedford County?
7.According to the pie chart on the page, what is the greatest cause of impaired streams in Bedford County?
8.What is the Yellow Creek Watershed known for?
9.What 3 watersheds in Bedford County are affected by acid precipitation and a lack of soil buffering?
10.Which watershed was the first to have the total maximum load capacity of agricultural pollutants according to the Clean Water Act?
11.In your own words, describe what is mostly causing problems for the Yellow Creek Watershed in Bedford County?
12.What could be done to help the problem?
Field Scope Activity : See assignment on the next pages.
After our water leaves Bedford County it makes its way to the Susquehanna River and finally ends up in the Chesapeake Bay. Find out how we are affecting the Bay.
Go to “Chesapeake Bay Webquest” on my Daily Lessons to answer the following questions.
Answer the following questions using “About the Bay” “It’s More Than Just the Bay”
1.How many square miles is the Chesapeake Bay Watershed?
2.How many people live in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed?
3.How many states make up the Chesapeake Bay Watershed?
4.The Chesapeake Bay is the largest ______in the US.
5.The beginning of the Chesapeake Bay watershed is at the town and state of the Baseball Hall of Fame, ______, ______.
6.List the 6 states and 1 District that make up the Chesapeake Bay Watershed.
Go to Watershed Geography and Facts to answer the next question?
7. What river valley was flooded to create the Chesapeake Bay?
8. Why would this fact be important to us?
9. What does Chesapeake mean?
10. How many pounds of seafood is harvested a day in the bay?
11. What is the connection between drinking water and the Chesapeake Bay?
Go to “How to Save the Bay”. Then, click on “The Chesapeake Bay Blue Print”. On that page go to “What is Killing the Bay?”
12.List the 3leading threats to the Chesapeake Bay.
13.What are some of the causes of these3 problems?
14. Draw a pie graph showing the 5 different pollutions that cause these problems. Label each part of the pie correctly.
15. Which type of pollution has the greatest effect on the bay?
16. Which type of pollution has the least effect on the bay?
17. What is the Act that will help the Chesapeake Bay be restored?
18. What does this Act require states to do?
19. Under this Act what agency helps?
20. How does this agency help out?
21. Who and when made this agency set scientific limits?
From the information page about the Bay you are on, click on Programs and Initiatives for the next series of questions about PA.
- List the 6 programs that PA has in place to help the bay?
- Under the Buffer Bonus Plan, what are all of the improvements that farmers can make to protect the water?
- Summarize what a Clean Water Captain is.
- What does CREP stand for?
- What do participants of CREP receive funding for?
- How does that funding benefit the Chesapeake Bay?
- Who is eligible for CREP funds?
- What is the 2 pronged approach for the Potomac Watershed Restoration?
- Where are the 2 major focus points for the Potomac Watershed Restoration program?
- What are the 5 major rivers that provide fresh water to the Chessepeake?
- Summarize what stream restoration is. Summarize with about 3 or 4 sentences to explain each section.
- Who are VoiCes and what do they do?
Go to the “About the Bay”, “The Issues”, Fisheries, Oysters, and continue with Read More under oysters for the following questions.
1. What are the guys called that harvest oysters?
2.How do oysters help the bay?
3.How much water does an adult oyster filter a day?
4. What activities have led to oysters decline?
5. What has occurred to help the oyster populations?
Watch the video on oyster filtering.
6.In 1880 how many days would it take for the oysters to clean the whole bay?
7.Now how long does it take the oysters to clean the bay?
8. What activities have led to oysters decline?
Go to “Fisheries” on the site.
9.What are other fish or shellfish affected by the pollutants other than oysters?
10.What other 2 fish were very valuable and plentiful in the bay and now they are almost unheard of?
11.There are 2 basic methods that can help manage the fisheries in the bay. What are they?
12. How have CBF managed the Blue Crab population?
13. Why is the Atlantic Menhaden so important to the bay?
Go to “Natural Gas Drilling and Marcellus Shale” under “The Issues”
14.What resource are they trying to get when they pollute the water?
15.What do we call the rock that has this resource?
16.Where all is this rock located?
17.Explain the process of fracking.
18.Name 4 concerns about the Marcellus Shale project?
19. What has been done in PA to help the problem?
READ the article “Solutions Proposed for M-burg Area Water Problems” from the Morrison’s Cove Herald.
1.What does potentially stressed area mean for the Martinsburg area?
2.What are the 2 current problems for Martinsburg that could lead to a water quality and quantity problem in the future?
3.What are the 3 common sources of nitrates in the Martinsburg area?
4.What are some activities that have been done to help the nitrate problem in the cove? Name three.
5.What just opened 2 years ago to help remove 90% of the nitrates in Martinsburg?
6.Who are the most affected by high nitrates in the water system?
7.Explain “eutrophication”. What is it? What causes it?
8.What is the CARD plan? What is its purpose? Has it been totally established?
9.What would be the 5 benefits if CARD would become a reality?
10.Where does the water come from that provides Martinsburg residents? Groundwater or surface water?
11.What is the SRBC? What can it do? When will they impose restrictions on water usage?
12. What is it that people sometimes assume?
13.At the end of the article 3 things were mentioned as being the most important for making sure that we always have clean water available. What were these three suggestions?
- Dehoff was responding with this advice due to what opinion that the local people have?
CONGRATULATIONS, YOU HAVE COMPLETED THE ENTIRE WEBQUEST. GO TO THE FREEZER AND RETRIEVE YOUR PRIZE
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