Chapter 53 Practice Multiple Choice

Multiple Choice

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____1.A population is correctly defined as having which of the following characteristics?

I. / inhabiting the same general area
II. / individuals belonging to the same species
III. / possessing a constant and uniform density and dispersion
a. / I only
b. / III only
c. / I and II only
d. / II and III only
e. / I, II, and III

____2.You are observing a population of lizards when you notice that the number of adults has increased and is higher than previously observed. One explanation for such an observation would include

a. / reduction in death rate.
b. / increased immigration.
c. / increased emigration.
d. / decreased emigration.
e. / increased birth rate.

____3.Uniform spacing patterns in plants such as the creosote bush are most often associated with

a. / chance.
b. / patterns of high humidity.
c. / the random distribution of seeds.
d. / competitive interactions among individuals in the population.
e. / the concentration of nutrients within the population's range.

____4.Which of the following groups would be most likely to exhibit uniform dispersion?

a. / red squirrels, who actively defend territories
b. / cattails, which grow primarily at edges of lakes and streams
c. / dwarf mistletoes, which parasitize particular species of forest tree
d. / moths in a city at night
e. / lake trout, which seek out deep water

____5.Life tables are most useful in determining which of the following?

a. / carrying capacity
b. / the fate of a cohort of newborn organisms throughout their lives
c. / immigration and emigration rates
d. / population dispersion patterns
e. / reproductive rates

____6.In order to construct a reproductive table for a sexual species, you need to

a. / assess sperm viability.
b. / keep track of all of the offspring of a cohort.
c. / keep track of the females in a cohort.
d. / keep track of all of the offspring of the females in a cohort.
e. / keep track of the ratio of deaths to births in a cohort.

____7.To measure the population of lake trout in a 250 hectare lake, 200 individuals were netted and marked with a fin clip, and then returned to the lake. The next week, the lake is netted again, and out of the 200 lake trout that are caught, 50 have fin clips. Using the capture-recapture estimate, the lake trout population size could be closest to which of the following?

a. / 200
b. / 250
c. / 400
d. / 800
e. / 40,000

____8.Which of the following assumptions have to be made regarding the capture-recapture estimate of population size?

I. / Marked and unmarked individuals have the same probability of being trapped.
II. / The marked individuals have thoroughly mixed with population after being marked.
III. / No individuals have entered or left the population by immigration or emigration, and no individuals have been added by birth or eliminated by death during the course of the estimate.
a. / I only
b. / II only
c. / I and II only
d. / II and III only
e. / I, II, and III

____9.Long-term studies of Belding's ground squirrels show that immigrants move nearly 2 km from where they are born and make up 1 to 8% of the males and 0.7 to 6% of the females in other populations. On an evolutionary scale, why is this significant?

a. / These immigrants make up for the deaths of individuals keeping the other populations' size stable.
b. / Young reproductive males tend to stay in their home population and are not driven out by other territorial males.
c. / These immigrants provide a source of genetic diversity for the other populations.
d. / Those individuals that emigrate to these new populations are looking for less crowded conditions with more resources.
e. / Gradually, the populations of ground squirrels will move from a uniform to a clumped population pattern of dispersion.

____10.Natural selection involves energetic trade-offs between

a. / choosing how many offspring to produce over the course of a lifetime and how long to live.
b. / producing large numbers of gametes when employing internal fertilization versus fewer numbers of gametes when employing external fertilization.
c. / the emigration of individuals when they are no longer reproductively capable or committing suicide.
d. / increasing the number of individuals produced during each reproductive episode with a corresponding decrease in parental care.
e. / high survival rates of offspring and the cost of parental care.

Please read the paragraph below and review Figure 53.2 to answer the following questions.

Researchers in the Netherlands studied the effects of parental caregiving in European kestrels over 5 years. The researchers transferred chicks among nests to produce reduced broods (three or four chicks), normal broods (five or six), and enlarged broods (seven or eight). They then measured the percentage of male and female parent birds that survived the following winter. (Both males and females provide care for chicks.)

Brood Size Manipulations in the Kestrel: Effects on Offspring and Parent Survival

Figure 53.2

____11.Which of the following pairs of reproductive strategies is consistent with energetic trade-off and reproductive success?

a. / Pioneer species of plants produce many very small, highly airborne seeds, while large elephants that are very good parents produce many offspring.
b. / Female rabbits that suffer high predation rates may produce several litters per breeding season, and coconuts produce few fruits, but most survive when they encounter proper growing conditions.
c. / Species that have to broadcast to distant habitats tend to produce seeds with heavy protective seed coats, and animals that are caring parents produce fewer offspring with lower infant mortality.
d. / Free-living insects lay thousands of eggs and provide no parental care, while flowers take good care of their seeds until they are ready to germinate.
e. / Some mammals will not reproduce when environmental resources are low so they can survive until conditions get better, and plants that produce many small seeds are likely found in stable environments.

____12.A population of ground squirrels has an annual per capita birth rate of 0.06 and an annual per capita death rate of 0.02. Estimate the number of individuals added to (or lost from) a population of 1,000 individuals in one year.

a. / 120 individuals added
b. / 40 individuals added
c. / 20 individuals added
d. / 400 individuals added
e. / 20 individuals lost

____13.A small population of white-footed mice has the same intrinsic rate of increase (r) as a large population. If everything else is equal,

a. / the large population will add more individuals per unit time.
b. / the small population will add more individuals per unit time.
c. / the two populations will add equal numbers of individuals per unit time.
d. / the J-shaped growth curves will look identical.
e. / the growth trajectories of the two populations will proceed in opposite directions.

____14.In 2005, the United States had a population of approximately 295,000,000 people. If the birth rate was 13 births for every 1,000 people, approximately how many births occurred in the United States in 2005?

a. / 3,800
b. / 38,000
c. / 380,000
d. / 3,800,000
e. / 38,000,000

____15.Logistic growth of a population is represented by dN/dt =

a. /
b. / rN
c. / rN (K + N)
d. /
e. /

____16.Which of the following is the pattern of spacing for individuals within the boundaries of the population?

a. / cohort
b. / dispersion
c. / Allee effect
d. / iteroparous
e. / semelparous

____17.Which of the following describes having more than one reproductive episode during a lifetime?

a. / cohort
b. / dispersion
c. / Allee effect
d. / iteroparous
e. / semelparous

____18.Density-dependent factors are related to which of the following?

a. / cohort
b. / dispersion
c. / Allee effect
d. / iteroparous
e. / semelparous

____19.In which of the following habitats would you expect to find the largest number of K-selected individuals?

a. / a recently abandoned agricultural field in Ohio
b. / the sand dune communities of south Lake Michigan
c. / the flora and fauna of a coral reef in the Caribbean
d. / South Florida after a hurricane
e. / a newly emergent volcanic island

____20.Field observation suggests that populations of a particular species of herbivorous mammal undergo cyclic fluctuations in density at three- to five-year intervals. Which of the following represent (a) plausible explanation(s) of these cycles?

a. / Periodic crowding affects the endocrine system, resulting in increased aggressiveness.
b. / Increases in population density lead to increased rates of predation.
c. / Increases in rates of herbivory lead to changes in the nutritive value of plants used as food.
d. / Increases in population density lead to more proximal infestations of parasites to host animals.
e. / All of the above are plausible explanations of population cycling.

____21.Which of the following is a density-independent factor limiting human population growth?

a. / social pressure for birth control
b. / earthquakes
c. / plagues
d. / famines
e. / pollution

____22.Consider several human populations of equal size and net reproductive rate, but different in age structure. The population that is likely to grow the most during the next 30 years is the one with the greatest fraction of people in which age range?

a. / 50 to 60 years
b. / 40 to 50 years
c. / 30 to 40 years
d. / 20 to 30 years
e. / 10 to 20 years

The following questions refer to Figure 53.3, which depicts the age structure of three populations.

Figure 53.3

____23.Which population is in the process of decreasing?

a. / I
b. / II
c. / III
d. / I and II
e. / II and III

____24.Assuming these age-structure diagrams describe human populations, in which population is unemployment likely to be a societal issue in the future?

a. / I
b. / II
c. / III
d. / No differences in the magnitude of future unemployment would be expected among these populations.
e. / It is not possible to infer anything about future social conditions from age-structure diagrams.

____25.Most ecologists believe that the average global carrying capacity for the human population is between

a. / 5 and 6 billion.
b. / 6 and 8 billion.
c. / 10 and 15 billion.
d. / 15 and 20 billion.
e. / 20 and 25 billion.

Chapter 53 Practice Multiple Choice

Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

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21.ANS:BPTS:1TOP:Concepts 53.5-53.6

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25.ANS:CPTS:1TOP:Concept 53.6