SNC1D

SNC1D – Final Exam: Review Questions

Unit 1: Sustainable Ecosystems

  1. Define and give two examples of abiotic and biotic factors.
  1. Define and give two examples of producers (autotrophs) and consumers (heterotrophs)
  1. Explain the term bioamplification (bioaccumulation). Explain how the TOP carnivore is affected the MOST by this.
  1. Be able to draw food and energy pyramids and label the feeding levels, energy levels, and trophic levels.
  1. Draw food chains and food webs for a group of organisms. Example: Grass, grasshopper, mice, worm, robin, snake, frog, hawk.
  1. How is the carbon cycle related to photosynthesis and cellularrespiration?
  1. Consider the water cycle. When a drop of rain falls on the ground, describe four possible paths it could take within the water cycle.
  1. Describe the flow of nitrogen through the environment—draw the nitrogen cycle with the elements and organisms that are involved.
  1. Explain why nitrogen is important to living things.
  1. What are the two ways that nitrogen is fixated in our atmosphere?
  1. Define population, and carrying capacity.
  1. List and describe four major biomes in Canada.
  1. What are causes of acid rain? List three sources of acid rain. How does acid rain affect the environment?

Unit 2: Chemistry

  1. What is the name of this symbol and what hazards are associated with it?
  1. Give an example of:
  2. Colloid
  3. Solution
  4. Element
  5. Compound
  1. What is the difference of chemical and physical change with respect to behaviour and fate of molecules? What are some things you can look for to tell the difference.
  1. What is the density of a liquid that has a mass of 5.5 g and takes a volume of 11.0 mL?
  1. Draw the Bohr diagrams of the following and the Bohr diagram for the most likely ion formed.
  2. 2412Mg
  1. Chlorine
  1. Neon
  1. What is the same about the electron arrangement of all halogen elements? What group of elements are they most likely to react with: Noble gases, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, or other halogens?
  1. Complete the following table:

Symbol / Atomic Number / Mass number / p+ / no / e- / charge
a) / 231Ra / 0
f) / 60 / 47 / 0
h) / 189F-
i) / 96 / 115 / +3
j) / 92 / 148 / 86
  1. Use the periodic table to locate and give an example of an element in each of the following groups of elements located on the periodic table?
  2. Metals
  3. Non-metals
  4. Metalloids
  5. Halogens
  6. Noble gases
  7. Alkaline Earth Metals
  8. Alkali metals
  1. Describe the difference between an ionic and covalent bond.
  1. Which type of bond is formed in the following compounds (ionic or covalent)?
  1. NaI
  2. CH4
  3. CH3OH
  4. ZnO
  1. What is the difference between the two isotopes of carbon: carbon-14 and carbon-12?
  1. What are the 3 main sub atomic particles? What are the charges on each of the particles?

Unit 3: Electricity

  1. If you rubbed a piece of plastic with rabbit fur what charge could you give an electroscope via:
  2. Conduction?
  3. Induction?
  1. Imagine you have a rod, rod A, that is statically charged and you want to know whether the charge is positive or negative. How could you figure it out using only an ebonite rod, rabbit fur, and a hanging pith ball?
  1. Calculate the power of a washing machine that draws 10.0 A and is plugged into a 240 V outlet. (Hint: Use the triangles on your worksheets)
  1. A 3.0 kW stove element is left on for 1.5 hours. The stove transferred 51,000 kJ of energy to a pot of chili during that time. What is the efficiency of the element?
  1. A VCR, drawing 1.5 A, operates for 5.0 h in a 120-V circuit. Calculate how much electrical energy is required.
  1. An electric fan uses 3,240,000 J when running 2.5 hours. If it is plugged into a standard 120 V wall outlet, how much current does it draw?
  1. Two light bulbs are connected in series and attached to a dry cell. One bulb is unscrewed. What happens to the brightness of the other bulb?
  1. Draw the following series circuit:
  2. A 6 V source
  3. A switch
  4. Two 15  resistors
  5. An ammeter
  1. Consider the circuit drawn below:
  1. What are the values for IS, R1, R2, and V2?
  1. What is the equivalent resistance, Req, of the circuit?
  1. If all of the resistors are light bulbs and you were to add one more light bulb in series, what would happen to the brightness of the other bulbs?
  1. Consider the diagram of the circuit below:
  1. Calculate the values for VS, R2, I3, V3, R3, I4, and V4.
  2. Calculate the equivalent resistance, Req, of the circuit.
  1. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of each of the following methods for generating electricity:
  1. Hydro-electric Generation
  2. Tidal Generation
  3. Thermal Generation: Geothermal, Fossil Fuels such as coal, nuclear, natural gas and oil, biomass
  4. Wind Generation
  5. Solar Generation

Unit 4: Astronomy

  1. What is the difference between the heliocentric and geocentric models of the solar system?
  1. Explain Retrograde Motion.
  1. How do you know that the Earth is spherical? Give two pieces of evidence.
  1. At noon in the following locations and dates, where in the sky would you find the sun (i.e. straight up, low in north, low in south, high in north or high in south)?
  2. December in Johannesburg, South Africa
  3. September 21 on the equator.
  4. Winter solstice in Toronto
  1. Why can we see some stars all year round, but others only during certain seasons?
  1. Why can we not see Mars every night?
  1. Describe the stages of the solar nebular theory and what aspects of our solar system can be explained using the solar nebular theory.
  1. Describe the phases in the lives of:
  2. Low mass star
  3. Intermediate mass star
  4. High mass star
  1. Arrange the following stars in order of coolest to hottest: blue star, red star, orange star, yellow star.
  1. How can an astronomer know what elements are in a star?
  1. How can an astronomer know if a star or galaxy is moving away or towards the earth?
  1. Draw what the moon looks like in each of the following phases:
  2. Waning crescent
  3. Waxing gibbous
  4. Last quarter
  1. During what moon phase do solar eclipses occur?
  1. Why is there not a lunar eclipse every 27 days?

Formulas:

The Electrostatic Series

weak hold on electrons

strong hold on electrons / acetate
glass
wool
fur or hair
silk
aluminum
cotton
paraffin wax
ebonite
plastic
rubber
gold