Chapter 1 MedicalWordBuilding

Lesson Plans

Objectives:

Identify and define the four elements that are used to build medical words

Apply rules learned to pronounce medical words

Apply rules leaned to write the singular and plural forms of medical words

Analyze and define the various parts of a medical term

  1. Have students read the front cover of the book and take the section review quiz on page 16.
  1. Many medical terms are made up of combinations of word parts that are joined. Learning medical terminology is much easier one you understand how the word parts work together to form new words.
  1. Medical words consist of some or all of the following elements:
  1. root word(frames 1-16 – 1-23): is the main part of a word
  2. frame 1-16, 1-17
  1. combining form(frames 1-24 – 1-40): that usually, but not always, indicate the involved body part. Combining form is created when a root word is combined with a vowel. Enables to word elements to be linked. Combining forms are used with prefixes, other combining forms, and suffixes to create new words
  2. pericardiectomy
  3. prefix peri (surrounding)
  4. combining form carid/o (heart)
  5. suffix –ectomy (surgical removal)
  1. suffixes(frames 1-41 – 1-65) is a word element located at the end of a word. Suffixes usually, but no always, indicate the procedure, condition, disorder, or disease. (See handout)
  2. tonsillitis
  3. tonsill = tonsil
  4. –itis = inflammation indicates a condition
  5. tonsillectomy
  6. tonsil – tonsil
  7. –ectomy = surgical removal indicates a procedure

D. THREE RULES OF WORD BUILDING (frames 1-54 – 1-65)

Rule 1: A word root links a suffix that begins with a vowel. The combining vowel is

NOT used when the suffix begins with a vowel.

  1. neur/o is joined with the suffix –itis = neuritis
  2. leuk/o is joined with the suffix – emia = leukemia

Rule 2: A combining form (root + o) links a suffix that begins with a constant.

  1. gastr/o is joined with the suffix –scope = gastroscope

Rule 3: Use of a combining form to link a root to another root to form a compound word. This holds true even if the next root begins with a vowel.

  1. gastr/o + enter/o + itis = gastroenteritis
  2. oste/o + arthr/o + itis = osteoarthritis
  1. prefix: (frames 1-66 – 1-76)is a word element located at the beginning of a word. The prefix usually indicates a number, time, position, or negation (opposite). Many prefixes are “paired” with other prefix that has just the opposite meaning and the more common ones are:

pre = before or in front ofpost = after

prenatalpostnatal

ab = away fromad = toward or in the direction of

abductionadduction

dys = difficult, painful, or badeu = well, easy, or good

dyspneaeupnea

hyper = over, above, or increasedhypo = below, under, or decrease

hypertensionhypotension

inter = between or amongintra = means within or inside

intermuscularintramuscular

poly = manyolig/o = few, scant, or little

polyuriaoliguria

sub = under, less, belowsuper and supra = above, excessive,

subcostalsupracostal

  1. Complete section review 1-2 on pages 17 and 18. Review prefixes, combining forms, word roots, and suffixes.
  2. Adjectives, noun, and diminutive suffixes (page 20 – 21)
  3. Plural suffixes: A summary of the rules for changing a singular word into its plural form is located on the inside back cover of the book.

Suffixes Related to Conditions

-algiapain and suffering

-dyniapain

-itisinflammation

-malaciaabnormal softening

-megalylarge, enlargement

-necrosisdeath of tissue

-osisdisease or abnormal condition

-sclerosisabnormal harding

-stenosisabnormal tightening or narrowing

-umstructure or tissue

Suffixes Related to Procedures

-centesissurgical puncture to remove fluid

-ectomysurgical removal

-graphyprocess of recording a picture or record

-gramrecord or picture

-graphrecord or picture

-graphyrecording a picture

-ologystudy of

-ostomysurgically create an opening

-otomycutting into or surgical incision

-plastysurgical repair

-scopysee or visual examination

The “Four Rs”

This group of suffixes, which are often referred to as the “four Rs” are particularly confusing.

  • -rrhagia or rrhage mean bursting forth, abnormal, or excessive flow.
  • Helpful hint: rrhage = rage
  • -rrhaphy means to suture or stitch.
  • Helpful hint: rrhaphy = wrap
  • -rrhea means flow or discharge
  • Helpful hint:
  • -rrhexis means rupture
  • “X marks the rupture” (spot)

Chapter 1
MedicalWordBuilding
Quiz 1
Singular / Plural / Singular / Plural
-ae / pleurae
-ax / thorax
-en / lumen
-es / diagnoses
-ices / appendices
-ex / apex
-ma / carcinoma
-a / ganglia
-on / bacteria
-i / bronchus
-ies / deformities

Chapter 1

MedicalWordBuilding

Quiz 2

There is one correct answer for the following questions:

1.A root wordis the ______part of a word:

  1. first b. last c. maind. prefix

2.The ______that usually, but not always, indicate the involved body part. ______is created when a root word is combined with a vowel. Enables to word elements to be linked. Combining forms are used with prefixes, other combining forms, and suffixes to create new words

  1. root wordc. combining form
  2. prefixd. suffix

3.A ______ is a word element located at the end of a word. Suffixes usually, but no always, indicate the procedure, condition, disorder, or disease.

  1. root wordc. combining form

b. prefixd. suffix

4.A ______is a word element located at the beginning of a word. The ______usually indicates a number, time, position, or negation (opposite). Many ______are “paired” with other ______that has just the opposite meaning and the more common ones are:

  1. root wordc. combining form

b. prefixd. suffix

5. THREE RULES OF WORD BUILDING brief example and give one example of each.

Rule 1:

Rule 2:

Rule 3:

6. List all the suffixes for Chapter 1 that indicate the medical term in a noun. (Hint: 5 suffixes)

7. List all the suffixes for Chapter 1 that indicate the medical term is a diminutive. (Hint: 4 suffix)

8. Which ending is not an adjective ending?

a. –ticb. –iac. –aryd. –eale. ous

Chapter 1
MedicalWordBuilding
Quiz 1
Singular / Plural / Singular / Plural
-a / -ae / pleura / pleurae
-ax / -aces / thorax / thoraces
-en / -ina / lumen / lumina
-is / -es / diagnosis / diagnoses
-ix / -ices / appendix / appendices
-ex / -ices / apex / apices
-ma / -mata / carcinoma / carcinomata
on / -a / ganglion / ganglia
-um / -a / bacterium / bacteria
-us / -i / bronchus / bronchi
-y / -ies / deformity / deformities

Chapter 1

MedicalWordBuilding

Quiz 2

1.A root wordis the ______part of a word: C

  1. first b. last c. maind. prefix

2.The ______that usually, but not always, indicate the involved body part. ______is created when a root word is combined with a vowel. Enables to word elements to be linked. ______are used with prefixes, other combining forms, and suffixes to create new words. C

  1. root wordc. combining form
  2. prefixd. suffix

3.A ______ is a word element located at the end of a word. ______usually, but no always, indicate the procedure, condition, disorder, or disease. D

a.root wordc. combining form

  1. prefixd. suffix

4.A ______is a word element located at the beginning of a word. The ______usually indicates a number, time, position, or negation (opposite). Many ______are “paired” with other ______that has just the opposite meaning and the more common ones are: B

a. root wordc. combining form

b.prefixd. suffix

5. THREE RULES OF WORD BUILDING brief example and give one example of each.

Rule 1: A word root links a suffix that begins with a vowel.

Rule 2: A combining form (root + o) links a suffix that begins with a constant.

Rule 3: A combining form (root + o) ling a root to another form a compound word. This holds true even if the next root begins with a vowel.

6. List all the suffixes for Chapter 1 that indicate the medical term in a noun. (Hint: 5 suffixes)

-esis, -ia, -ism, -iatry, -ist

7. List all the suffixes for Chapter 1 that indicate the medical term is a diminutive. (Hint: 4 suffix)

-y, -icle, - -ole, -ule

8. Which ending is not an adjective ending? -eal

a. –ticb. –iac. –aryd. –eale. ous