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>~ ...Abstract~<...
The Palestinian cause is considered the decisive political factor in the Arab Region. The Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) is the center of the triangle of the Palestinian political movement of this cause in the last four decades, This was represented in different forms as a rebellious organization. Swaying between these two extremes, planned changes took place due to the nature of formation or construction as a basis for the occurrence of these changes. The PLO started with Big motos and distinguished attitudes, then moved to the dialectal political and rebellious stage or at a pace stand in-between both extremes, then it change to a less tight stage of motos than those of the foundation dogmatic stage, and gradually turned to accept the un-preconditioned stage of political practice.
The above mentioned facts summarized the stage of the development of PLO during the period of Ahmad Shukeire, Yahaya Hamoudeh and Yasser Arafat who respectively headed the PLO.
The period of Ahmad Shukire was marked as a foundation of the formation of this project who is one of its pillars but not fully established as that of the PLO Military Army due to the short period of time which extended only for three years, and come to an end due to diffences in opinion whether on the exterior or interior levels which had greatly incressed on both interior as well as exterior levels. As a result, Al-Shukeire was obliged to resign or leave the stage. The Period of Yahya Hamoudeh was considered as a transitional period that lasted only for a year and a half. It was a period for choosing a new leader the PLO. For this period wasn’t of a remarkable change except the agreement to change the Arab-National Charter of the PLO and restrict it to National Charter of PLO.
Incidents of real importance and remarkable changes are those which occurred during the period of the leadership of Yasser Arafat. Although the imitative of change was in the seeds that founded this organization, however, the climate and the circumstances, in the timing of announcing these changes and this what had been done by the PLO in 1974 in the transitional program, then followed by consequent concessions and compromises regarding the Palestinian issue and the UN resolutions related to it starting from complete rejection to these resolutions, to acceptance with reservations then to unconditioned acceptance so as to be able to deal with international diplomacy.
To achieve this, the PLO adopted the strategy of innitiating new horizons to establish relations with many international institutions in an effort to acquire a legal representation of the Palestinian people. And this what truly happens. International institutions and organizations, as a result, accepted the PLO as one of them, supported by regional and international pressure on the political and many other levels. It became obvious that there was communications between some members of the PLO and Israeli representatives during the 2nd half of 1980s so as to reach the goal of establishing the Palestinian entity. Such Kind of communications came short to achieve the least requirements of the PLO program in establishing the Palestinian state on occupied teretories after the war of 1967. That was because of the Israeli strong refusal and strengthened by the American and Western support and the absense of real support to the PLO project. The Palestinian people then supported the PLO in the 2nd half of 1980s through the popular uprise (Intifada) and after the PLO has lost its last stronghold in Lebanon because of the Israeli attack in 1982 against Lebanon. The peaks of achievements of this Intifada came into being when the PLO declared Independency of Palestine in 1988 in Algeria as a necessary step towards inviting the united nations to find a political solution and establish the Palestinian state.