1
ANDHRA UNIVERSITY: VISAKHAPATNAM
Semester / Course Code / Title of course / Number of Credits / Number of teaching hrs / MarksInternal / SEE / Total
I / BT 101 / Microbiology and cell biology / 4 / 4 / 25 / 75 / 100
I / BT 102 / Microbiology and cell Biology Lab / 2 / 3 / 25 / 75 / 100
II / BT 201 / Macromolecules and metabolism / 4 / 4 / 25 / 75 / 100
II / BT 202 / Macromolecules and enzymology / 2 / 3 / 25 / 75 / 100
III / BT 301 / Biophysical Techniques / 4 / 4 / 25 / 75 / 100
III / BT 302 / Metabolism and Biophysical Techniques / 2 / 3 / 25 / 75 / 100
IV / BT 401 / Immunology / 4 / 4 / 25 / 75 / 100
IV / BT 402 / Immunology Lab / 2 / 3 / 25 / 75 / 100
V / BT 501 / Genetics and Molecular Biology / 4 / 4 / 25 / 75 / 100
V / BT 502 / Gene expression
and RDNA Technology / 4 / 4 / 25 / 75 / 100
V / BT 503 / Molecular biology and RDNA technology / 2 / 3 / 25 / 75 / 100
VI / BT 601 / Applications of Biotechnology / 4 / 4 / 25 / 75 / 100
VI / BT 602 / Plant and Animal Biotechnology / 4 / 4 / 25 / 75 / 100
VI / BT 603 / Animal, Plant, environmental, Industrial Biotechnology or Dissertation / 2 / 3 / 25 / 75 / 100
BSc Biotechnology: Choice based Credit System
SEE: Semester End Examination
BIOTECHNOLOGY
B.Sc.SemesterSyllabus Semester based credit system(CBCS)
B.Sc.PartII–SemesterIBIOTECHNOLOGY
(Witheffectfromacademicsession2015-16)
1)Theexamination shallcomprise onetheorypaper,anInternalassessmentand apractical, in each semester up to fourth semester.Eachtheorypaper shallbeofthreehoursdurationandcarry100marks.Thepracticalshallbeof6hoursdurationandcarry100marks. Internal assessmentshall carry25marks.
TheoryPaper(Semester end examination, SEE)75 marks Practical (Semester end examination, SEE) 75marks Internal Assessment theory 25marks InternalAssessment practical 25 marks
------Total-200marks per seven credits
Or 300 marks per 11 credits
------2)Thedistributionofmarks in practical shallbeas follows.
[A]Experiments (SEE)75marks [B]Practical record 10marks [C]Viva 05marks
[D] Internal experiments10 marks
------Total -100marks
------
3)Thesyllabusisbasedonfourtheoryperiodsandthreepracticalperiodsperweek.Candidatesarerequiredto pass separatelyintheory, internal assessment and practical examination.
4)Students are expectedtoperformallthepracticalsmentionedinthesyllabus.
5)Internalassessment:Thereshallbetwointernalassessmentsbasedontheorypaperfor25Markseach. The average of the two tests shall made to average of 25 marks.TheInternalassessmentshallbeconductedbytheUniversityapprovedteachersinthe relevantsubjects.Theinternalassessmentshallbedoneby the respective collegeonemonth priorto thefinal exam ofeach semester.TheMarksshallbesent to theuniversity immediately afterthe internalassessmentis over.
6)Atthebeginningofeachsemester,everyteacher/department/collegeshallinformhis/herstudents unambiguouslythemethodteacher/department/collegeproposetoadoptaschemeofmarkingforinternal assessment.
7)Theinternalassessmentmarksassignedtoeachtheorypapershallbeawardedonthebasisofattendance/ homeassignment /class test /Project assignment/ seminar/ any otherinnovativepractice/ activity.
8)Theconcernedteacher/department/collegeshallhavetokeeptherecordofalltheaboveactivitiestillsix months afterthedeclaration ofresultofthat semester.
9)In the fifth and sixth semesters two theory courses and one practical course shall be opted by the students. The practical course shall consist of experiment of two theory courses.
* ** * * * *
B.Sc.I –SemesterI-
BT 101MICROBIOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY
UNITI
History,DevelopmentandMicroscopy
Historyand developmentofmicrobiology:contributionsofLouis Pasteur, Robert KochandEdwardJenner. Microscopy:Compoundmicroscopy:Numericalapertureanditsimportance,resolvingpower,oilimmersion objectives and theirsignificance,principles andapplicationsofdarkfield,phasecontrast, fluorescentmicroscopy. Electronmicroscopy:Principle,raydiagramandapplications,TEMandSEM,comparisonbetweenopticaland electron microscope, limitationsof electron microscopy.
Stainsandstainingprocedures:Acidic,basicandneutralstains,Gramstaining,Acidfaststaining,Flagella staining, Endosporestaining.
UNITII
A. Bacteria:
Bacterialmorphologyandsubcellularstructures,generalmorphologyofbacteria,shapesandsizes,generalized diagramoftypical bacterial cell.
Slimelayerandcapsule, differencebetween thestructure,functionandtheposition ofthetwostructures. Cellwallofgram+veandGram-vecells, Prokrayotic classification.
General accountofflagella andfimbriae.
Chromatinmaterial,plasmids;definitionandkindofplasmids(conjugativeandnon-conjugative)F,R,andCol plasmids.
Endospores:Detailedstudy ofendosporestructureandits formation,germination, basis ofresistance.
AbriefideaBergey’smanual.Morphologyofarchaea,archaealcellmembrane(differencesbetween bacterial andarchaeal cellmembrane),othercell structures, conceptofthethreedistinctarchaeagroups.
B.Viruses:Generalcharacteristicsofviruses,differencebetweenvirusandtypicalmicrobialcell,structure, differentshapesandsymmetrieswithoneexampleofeachtype,classificationofvirusesonthebasisof nucleicacids,phageandanimalcellviruses,exampleofeachandtheirimportance.Briefideaoflyticcycle andlysogeny.
UNITIII
Microbial Nutrition:Basicnutritionalrequirements:Basicideaofsuchnutrientsaswater,carbon,nitrogen,sulfurand vitaminsetc.,naturaland syntheticmedia,nutritionalclassificationofbacteria.SelectiveandDifferentialmedia, Enriched media, Enrichmentmedia.
UNIT IV: Microbial growth and control:
Growth:Growthrateand generation time,detailsofgrowthcurveanditsvariousphases.
Conceptofsynchronouscultures,continuousandbatchcultures(chemostatandturbidostat).Measurementof growth.
Physicalconditionsrequiredforgrowth:Temperature(classificationofmicroorganismsonthebasisof temperaturerequirements), pHetc. Purecultures and cultural characteristics. Maintenanceofpureculture.
MicrobialControl:Terminologies-Sterilization,disinfection,antiseptic,sanitization,germicide,microbistasis, preservativeandantimicrobial agents.
Mechanismofcellinjury:Damagetocellwall,cellmembrane,denaturationofproteins,inhibitionofprotein synthesis, transcription, replication,othermetabolicreactions andchangeinsupercoiling ofDNA.
Physicalcontrol:Temperature(moistheat,autoclave,dryheat,hotairoven andincinerators),dessication, surface tension,osmoticpressure, radiation, UVlight, electricity,ultrasonicsoundwaves,filtration.
Chemical control: Antiseptics and disinfectants (halogens,alcohol, gaseous sterilization. Conceptofbiological control.
UNITVCell Biology
EukaryoticCell-Structureandfunctionofthefollowing:nucleus,nuclearmembrane,nucleoplasm,nucleolus, golgicomplex, Mitochandria, Chloroplast, endoplasmicreticulum, lysosomes,peroxisomes,glyoxisomes and vacuoles.
Plant cellwall.
Cytoskeleton(Micro and Macro filaments,microtubules) and celllocomotion. Mitosis and meiosis. Briefideaofcellcycle.
Muscleand nervecellstructure, synaptictransmissionand neuromuscularjunctions.
B.Sc.ISEMESTERIPRACTICALS
Biotechnology
102 MicrobiologyCell Biology
1. Demonstration,useand careofmicrobiological equipments.
2.Preparationofmedia, sterilizationandisolation ofbacteria. 3.Isolation ofBacteriophagefromsewage/othersources.
4. Demonstration ofmotility ofBacteria.
5.Simplestaining ofbacteria
6.Gramstaining ofBacteria
7. Acid fast stainingofBacteria 8. Endosporestaining.
9. Demonstration ofstarch hydrolysis bybacterial cultures 10.Growthoffecal coliforms onselectivemedia.
11. Isolation ofpurecultureby pourplatemethod 12.Isolation ofpureculturebystreakplatemethod. 13.Anaerobiccultivation ofmicroorganisms.
14.Cultivation of yeast and moulds. 15.Antibioticsensitivityassay.
16.Oligodynamicaction ofmetals.
17.Tostudy germicidal effectofUVlightonbacterial growth. 18.Stagesofmitosis.
19.Stagesofmeiosis.
Note:-Mandatorytoperformat leastten practical.
* ** * * * *
B.Sc.I–SemesterII
BT 201 MACROMOLEULES, ENZYMOLOGY AND BIOENERGETICS
UNITI
NucleicAcids and Chromosomes
Chemicalstructureandbasecompositionofnucleicacids,Chargaff'srules,WatsonCrickModel(B-DNA), deviationsfromWatson-Crickmodel,otherformsofDNA(A-andZ-DNA),forcesstabilizingnucleicacid structures,(hydrogenbondsandhydrophobicassociations,basestacking).MaxamandGilbertDNAsequencing and Sanger’s method.
Conceptofprokaryoticgenesandeukaryoticgenes:Definitionofagene,conceptofsplitgenes,introns,exons, spacers, C-valueandC-valueparadox, basicideaofCotcurves.
Chromatinstructure:Nucleosomestructure(10nmfibre,experimentsleadingtodiscoveryofnucleosomal structure,typesofhistones,arrangementofhistonesintheoctamer,H1histoneanditsrole,roleandlengthof linkerDNA),300nmfibers(arrangementofnucleosomein ahelicalstructure),domain and loopstructure (further compactingof300nmfibre,roleofscaffoldingproteins).Roleoftelomereandcentromere,telomericand centromericrepeat sequences.
UNITII
Amino acids and Proteins
Aminoacids:Structureofaminoacidsoccurringinproteins,classificationofaminoacids(pHbased,polarity basedandnutritionbased),Physico-chemicalpropertiesofaminoacids(solubility,boilingandmeltingpoints, reactionslikeEdman's,Sanger's,Dansylchloride,ninhydrin).Titrationcurvesofneutral,basicandacidicamino acids.
Primarystructureofproteins:Determinationofprimarystructure(endgroupanalysis,cleavageofdisulfide bonds, amino acidcomposition,useof endopeptidasespecificity, sequencedetermination, assignmentofdisulfide position).
Secondarystructureofproteins:The-helix,-structures(parallel, antiparallel,mixed,-turn).
Tertiarystructureofproteins:Forcesthatstabilizethestructure(electrostaticforces,hydrogenanddisulfide bonds,hydrophobicassociations),myoglobinasanexampleoftertiarystructure,conceptofdomains,protein denaturation.
Quaternarystructureofproteins:Forces stabilizingquaternarystructure, advantagesof oligomericproteins.
UNIT III:
Carbohydrates
Definition,classification,nomenclatureofcarbohydrates,structuresofmonosaccharides,disaccharidesand polysaccharides(structuresofstarchandglycogenasexamplesofhomopolysaccharides).Conceptandexamples of heteropolysaccharides.
Lipids
Typesoflipids,structuresofsaturatedandunsaturatedfattyacids,triglycerides,phospholipids,plasmalogens, gangliosidesandsphingolipids.Terpenoidsandisoprenoids-definitionandrepresentativestructures,steroids. Conceptofacidvalue, saponification valueandiodinevalue. Chemistry of Porphyrines, Heme, Cytochromes, and Chlorophylls
UNITIVEnzymes
Terminology:Activesite,allostericsite,Holoenzyme,apoenzyme,coenzyme,substrate,inhibitor,activator, modulatoretc.Classificationandnomenclature.Conceptofisoenzymes (exampleLactateDehydrogenase)and multienzymes (examplepyruvatedehydrogenase) SubstrateSpecificity(bondspecificity,groupspecificity,absolutespecificity,stereo-specificity,proof-reading mechanism), lockand keyandinduced fitmodels.
Conceptofallosteric enzymes (brief ideaofATCaseas an example, Mechanismsofcatalysis:Acid-base, covalentand metal ion catalysis.
AssayofEnzymes:Conceptofactivity,specificactivity,turnovernumber,unitsofenzymeactivity(katal, internationalunit),spectrophotometricmethodsofassayofenzymes(simpleandcoupledassay),verybriefidea of othermethods.
Enzymekinetics:Michaelis-Mentenequation,effectofsubstrateconcentration,effectofenzymeconcentration, effectofpHandtemperature,temperaturequotient,singlereciprocal(Eadie-Hoffsteeequation)anddouble reciprocalplots(Lineweaver-Burkeplots),enzymeinhibitionkinetics(reversibleinhibitiontypes–competitive, uncompetitiveand non-competitive),briefideaofirreversibleinhibition.
UNITV
Bioenergetics:Conceptoffreeenergy,Entropy,EnthalpyRedoxPotential.Conceptofhighenergybondsas relatedtothestructureofATP, Phosphoenolpyruvate, Creatinephosphateetc.
Glycolysis (pathway, entryof othermonosachharides and disaccharides, regulation, inhibitors) Gluconeogenesis:Bypass reactions.
Structureofmitochondria.
B.Sc.ISEMESTERIIPRACTICALS
Biotechnology
BT 202 Macromolecules Enzymology
1. Formol titration ofglycine.
2.QuantitativeEstimationofproteins byBiuretmethod 3.DeterminationofalbuminA/G ratioinserum.
4.EstimationofDNAbyDiphenylaminemethod 5.EstimationofRNAbyOrcinolmethod
6.Quantitativeestimation ofaminoacidsusingNinhydrinreaction.
7.Qualitative Analysisofsugars andproteins.
8.Quantitativeestimation ofsugars(Dinitrosalicylicacid method). 9.EstimationofglucosebyBenedict’s quantitativemethod
10.Quantitativeestimation ofproteins by Lowry’s method.
11.Extractionandquantification oftotal lipids.
12. Determinationofsaponification valueof Fats 13. DeterminationofAcid ValueofFats
14. Isolation ofureaseand demonstration ofits activity 15. Assay ofproteaseactivity.
16. Preparationofstarch from Potatoanditshydrolysis bysalivaryamylase. 17.Assay ofalkalinephosphatase
18.Immobilization ofenzymes /cells byentrapment inalginategel 19.Effectoftemperature/pH on enzymeactivity
* Minimum of Ten practicals are mandatory
BSc II Semester III
Biotechnology
BT 301: BIOPHYSICALTECHNIQUES
UNIT–I:
Spectrophotometry:Conceptofelectromagneticradiation,spectrumoflight,absorptionofelectromagnetic radiations,Conceptofchromophoresandauxochromes,involvementoforbitalsinabsorptionofelectromagnetic radiations,Absorptionspectrumanditsuses,Beer'slaw-derivationanddeviations,extinctioncoefficient. Differencebetweenspectrophotometer and colorimeter. InstrumentationofUVand visiblespectrophotometry Doublebeamspectrometer; dual-wavelengthspectrometer
a)Applications ofUVand visible spectrophotometry.
b)Spectrofluorometry:principle,instrumentationandapplications.Absorptionemissionflamephotometry: principle, instrumentationandapplication.
c)PrinciplesofIR, NMRandMass spectrometry
UNITII:
Chromatography:Partitionprinciple,partitioncoefficient,natureofpartitionforces,briefaccountofpaper chromatography.
Thinlayerchromatographyandcolumn chromatography.
Gelfiltration: Conceptofdistributioncoefficient, typesofgels and glass beads, applications.
Ion-exchangechromatography:Principle,typesofresins,choiceofbuffers,applicationsincludingaminoacid analyzer.
Affinitychromatography:Principle,selectionofligand,briefideaofligandattachment,specificandnon-specific elution, applications.
Gas chromatography (GC)and high pressure liquidchromatography (HPLC).
UNIT –III:
a)Migration ofions inelectricfield, Factors affectingelectrophoreticmobility.
b)Paperelectrophoresis:-Electrophoreticrun,Detectiontechniques,Celluloseacetateelectrophoresis,High voltage electrophoresis.
c)Gelelectrophoresis:-Typesofgels,Solubilizers,Procedure,Columnslabgels,Detection,Recovery& Estimationofmacromolecules.
d)SDS-PAGEElectrophoresis:-applications(determinationofmolecularweightofproteins,determinationof subunitstoichiometry,molecularbiologyapplications).
e)Isoelectricfocussing, Principle, Establishing pHamd density gradients,Procedures &applications. f)Pulsed-field gelelectrophoresis.
UNIT–IV:
Isotopictracertechnique:-
a)Radioactivestableisotopes, rateofradioactivedecay.Unitsofradioactivity.
b)Measurementofradioactivity:-Ionizationchambers,proportionalcounters,Geiger-Mullercounter,Solid andliquidscintillationcounters (basicprinciple, instrumentationandtechnique), Cerenkovradiation.
c)MeasurementofStableisotopes:Falling drop method fordeuteriummeasurement, Mass spectrometry.
d)Principlesoftracertechnique,advantagesandlimitations,applicationsofisotopesinbiotechnology (distributionstudies,metabolicstudies,isotopedilutiontechnique,metabolicstudies,clinicalapplications, autoradiography).
UNITVCentrifugation:
a)Basicprinciples, conceptofRCF,typesofcentrifuges (clinical,highspeedand ultracentrifuges).
b)Preparativecentrifugation:Differentialanddensitygradientcentrifugation,applications(Isolationofcell components).
c)Analyticalcentrifugation:Sedimentationcoefficient,determinationofmolecularweightbysedimentation velocityandsedimentation equilibriummethods.
Biostatistics
Basic conceptsofmean,median,mode,StandarddeviationandStandarderror. Introduction to ANOVA
B.Sc.IISEMESTERIIIPRACTICALS
Biotechnology
BT302MetabolismBiophysicalTechniques
1.SpectrophotometricanalysisofDNAdenaturation.
2.Determinationofabsorptionspectrum of oxy-and deoxyhemoglobinand methemoglobin. 3.Protein estimationbyE280/E260method.
4.Paperchromatography ofaminoacids/sugars. 5.TLC ofsugars/aminoacids.
6.Cellularfractionationandseparation of cell organellesusingcentrifuge. 7.Isolation ofmitochondriaandassayofmarker enzyme.
8.Estimationof Ureabydiacetylemonoximemethod 9.EstimationofSugarsbyFolinWu method
10.Validity of Beer’s law forcolorimetricestimation of creatinine. 11.Absorptionspectrum ofNAD & NADH
12.Preparationofstandardbuffers and determination ofpH ofasolution 13.Titration ofamixtureofstrongweakacid
14. Paperelectrophoresisofproteins
15.Gelelectrophoresisofproteins.
16.SDS-PAGEofanoligomericprotein.
17.Calculationofmean,median, and mode(manual/computeraided).
18.Calculationofstandard deviationandstandard error(manual/computeraided). 19.Biostatistical problembasedonstandarddeviation.
Note:-Mandatorytoperformatleast10practicals
* ** * * * *
B.Sc.II–SemesterIV
BT401: IMMUNOLOGY
UNITI
Immunesystem, Organs and cells ofimmunesystem Immunity, innateimmunemechanism
Acquiredimmunemechanism,Antigen, Antigenecity(factors affectingantigenecity) Humoral immunity,main pathwaysofcomplement system.
UNITII
Antibodystructureand classes, Antibody diversity, Genes of antibodies, Theories of formation of antibodies.
UNIT III
Cellmediatedimmunity:TCmediatedimmunity,NKcellmediatedimmunity,ADCC,delayedtype hypersensitivity,cytokines andbriefideaofMHC.
UNITIV
Hypersensitivityandvaccination :Generalfeaturesofhypersensitivity,varioustypesofhypersensitivity, Vaccination:Discovery,principles, significance. Conceptofautoimmunity.
UNITV
ImmunologicalTechniques:Antigen-antibodyreactions:Precipitation,agglutination,complementfixation, immunodiffusion, ELISA.
Hybridomatechnology: Monoclonal antibodies andtheirapplications inimmunodiagnosis. * ** * * * *
B.Sc.IISEMESTERIVPRACTICALS
Biotechnology
BT 402: ImmunologyBiophysicaltechniques
1.Antigen– antibodyreaction– determination ofBlood group 2.Pregnancytest
3.Widal test
4.Ouchterloneyimmunodiffusion 5.Radial immunodiffusion
6.ELISA
7.Isolation ofcaseinbyisoelectricprecipitation
8. Production of antibodies and their titration
Note:-Mandatorytoperformatleast6practicals
* ** * * * *
B.Sc.III–SemesterV
BIOTECHNOLOGY
BT 501: GENETICS AND MOLECULARBIOLOGY
UNIT I
Mendels Laws and Inheritance
Mendel experiments, Mendel Laws and deviations: incomplete dominance and Co dominance Penetration and pleiotropism, Recessive and Dominant epistatic gene interactions. Concept of multiple alleles
UNIT II
Genes and their variations
Structure of gene, gene and environment, gene copies and heterogeneity, Meiotic nondisjunction of chromosomes, chromosome abnormalities in animals and plants, Linkage, recombination, gene maps, interference and coincidence. Sex determination, genetic population studies and Hardy Weinberg Equations.
UNITIII
DNAReplication
Enzymologyofreplication(detailedtreatmentofDNApolymeraseI,brieftreatmentofpolIIandIII,helicases, topoisomerases,singlestrandbindingproteins,DNAmeltingproteins,primaseandRNAprimers,distributive andprocessivepropertiesofDNApolymeraseIandIII, importanceofthe-subunitinpolymeraseIII),prooffor semiconservativereplication,discontinuousreplicationandOkazakifragments,Replicationorigins,initiation, primosomeformation,elongation, andtermination.UseofDNAreplication mutants inthestudy ofreplication.
UNITIV
MutationsDNARepair
Genemutations:Induced and Spontaneous, Missense, nonsenseand frameshiftmutations. Mutagens:Physical andchemicalmutagens.
Repair: Mismatchrepair, NER, BER, light inducedrepair,SOSrepair.
UNIT V
Transcription
EnzymaticsynthesisofRNA:Basicfeaturesoftranscription,structureofprokaryoticRNApolymerase(core enzymeandholoenzyme,significanceof factor),conceptofpromoter(Pribnowbox,-10and-35sequences andtheirsignificance), auxiliary proteinsoftranscription,roleofNusA.
Fourstepsoftranscription(promoterbindingandactivation,RNAchaininitiationandpromoterescape,chain elongation, terminationandrelease) and regulation. Reverse transcription.
B.Sc.III–SemesterV-
BT 502: GENE EXPRESSIONrDNATECHNOLOGY
UNITIGeneticCode
Geneticcode:Argumentfortripletcode,experimentalelucidationofcodons,identificationofstartandstop codons,universality,degeneracyand commalessnatureofcodons.
Thedecodingsystem:aminoacylsynthetases,briefstructureoftRNA,theadaptorhypothesis,attachmentof aminoacids totRNA.
Codon-anticodoninteraction-thewobblehypothesis.
Selectionofinitiationcodon-ShineandDalgarnosequenceandthe16SrRNA.
UNITII
Proteinsynthesis:
Initiation,elongation, termination and post translational modification.
Regulationoftranslation:Autogenouscontrolofr-proteins,phageT4proteinp32translationalregulation. Antibiotics affectingtranslation.
UNIT III
Gene Expression and regulation
Details ofinitiation, elongation, andtermination(intrinsicandrho factormediatedtermination).
Regulation ofTranscriptionin Prokaryotes:Basicideaoflac- andtrp-operons.
Eukaryotic Gene Regulation : Gal operon
UNITIV
rDNATechnology
DNAcloning: Basicsofgeneticengineering, restriction endonucleases,otherenzymesofDNAmanipulation. Vectors: Plasmid vectors (pBR322 and pUC18/19)
Phagevector: Lambdareplacement andinsertion vectors Cosmids,phagemids, andYAC.
Cutting andjoining DNA(cohesiveend ligation,methodsof bluntend ligation).Transfection and transformation. Selectionoftransformed cells. Screening methods.
UNITV
GenomicDNAlibraryandcDNAlibrary–conceptandmethodsofcreatingtheselibraries.Advantagesand disadvantagesof cDNAlibraryovergenomicDNAlibrary.
General consideration ofPolymerasechainreaction,designingof primers forPCR.
Expressionofclonedgenes:Generalfeaturesofanexpressionvector.Expressionofaeukaryoticgenein prokaryotes –advantages andproblems.ApplicationsofrecombinantDNAtechnology.
B.Sc.IIISEMESTERVPRACTICALS
Biotechnology
BT 503: MolecularBiologyrDNAtechnology
1.To measureconcentration ofDNARNAby UVspectrophotometry 2.Estimationofproteins by Bradford method
3.Isolation ofgenomicDNA. 4.Isolation ofPlasmidDNA.
5.Isolation ofchloroplast DNA. 6.Restriction digestion ofDNA.
7.Demonstration ofReplicaplatingtechnique
8.IdentificationofLac+ bacteriabyblue whitescreeningusingIPTG 9.Ligation ofDNA
10.Demonstration ofSouthernblotting 11.Demonstration ofwesternblotting
12.Chemicalmutagenesis and production ofmicrobialmutants. Note:-Mandatorytoperformatleast6practical
* ** * * * *
B.Sc.III–SemesterVI
BT 601: APPLICATIONSOFBIOTECHNOLOGY
UNITI
EnvironmentalBiotechnology
Waterandwastewatertreatmentprocess:Currentcommunitydrinkingwatertreatmentprocess,disinfectionof water(chlorinationandozonation),primary,secondaryandadvancedtreatmentofsewage(domesticwaste water),
Definitionandconceptof:biodegradation, biodeteriorationandbiotransformation.
UNITII
Xenobioticandrecalcitrantcompounds. Bioaccumulation andbiomagnification.
Assessmentofwaterandwastewaterquality:ConceptofCOD,DOandBOD.Indicatorsoffaecalpollutionand MPN andMFtechniqueforcoloforms. Significanceand principal ofIMViC.
UNITIII
IndustrialBiotechnology
BasicPrinciplesofIndustrialBiotechnology:Importantcommercialproductsproducedbymicroorganismsand GMOsand theirapplications,design oftypicalfermentor,significanceofvariouspartsandprovisions of fermentor,isolation ofindustriallyimportantmicroorganisms–primaryandsecondaryscreening. Antibiotic production (Pencillin)
UNITIV
FoodBiotechnology
FoodBiotechnology:Productionandtypesofcheese,microorganismsasfood–productionofmushroomand spirulina,assessmentofmicrobiological quality ofvarious foods.
Industrialawareness:Qualitycontrolandqualityassuranceinfoodandpharamaceuticalindustry,conceptof currentgood manufacturing practices inpharmaceutical industry
UNIT V:
Basics of Bioinformatics
Types of Data Bases, Protein Data Bases and Nucleic Acid Databases, Sequence Data bases and their use in biotechnology, Storage of data bases in data banks, data retrieval and their reutilization, generation of gene maps and distances. Applications of bioinformatics in biotechnology related to environment, industry, food and medicines.
* ** * * * *
B.Sc.III–SemesterVI
BT 602: PLANTANIMALBIOTECHNOLOGY
UNITI:
a)IntroductiontocellandTissueculture.Tissuecultureasatechniquetoproducenovelplantsandhybrids, Laboratory facilities
b)Tissueculturemedia(compositionand preparation)
c)Callusandsuspensioncultures:initiationandmaintenanceofcallusandsuspensioncultures;singlecell clones.
UNITII:
a)Tissueandmicropropagation,regeneration,productionofhaploids, protoplastcultureandsomatichybridization
b)Cloningin plants -Ti plasmid organization
c)Conceptoftransgenicplants
d)Btcottonand otherplantapplications.
UNITIII:
a)Varioustechniquesofanimal cellandtissueculture, Culturemedia, growth factors, laboratory facilities.
b)Characteristicsofcellsinculture:Contactinhibition,anchoragedependence,cell-cellcommunicationetc.; Cellsenescence;celland tissueresponsetotrophicfactors.
c)Primaryculture, immortal cells, cell lines. d)Maintenanceofcelllines inthelaboratory.
UNITIV:
a)BriefideaaboutrecombinantDNAproductsinmedicine(insulin,somatostatin,vaccines),ConceptofGene therapy,
b)Production ofrecombinantvaccines–hepatitis. c)Conceptoftransgenicanimals
d)In vitrofertilizationandembryotransferin humans and farmanimals.
UNIT V:
a)Intellectual property rights
b)Protection of Copy rights
c)Patents and their significance
d)Management studies: society and ethical aspects of Biotechnology
******
B.Sc.IIISEMESTERVIPRACTICALS
Biotechnology
BT 603: Animal,Plant,IndustrialEnvironmentalBiotechnology or Dissertation
1.Establishingaplant cellculture(bothinsolidandliquid media)–seed germination,callus culture, suspensioncellculture, regenerationfromcallus cells.
2.Antherculture, embryo culture, suspensionculture.
3.Cell countby hemocytometer. 4.Cytology ofcallus.
5.Establishing primarycellcultureofchicken embryo fibroblasts. 6.Animal tissueculture –maintenanceofestablishedcell lines.
7.Animal tissueculture –viruscultivation. 8.Measurementofcell size.
9.Microphotography. 10.IMViCtest.
11.DeterminationofCOD
12.Testing ofchlorinedemand ofwater
13.Microbiological qualityassuranceofanyofthe commerciallyavailablefoods. 14.Bioassay ofpenicillin/vitaminB12
15.Determinationoffecal coliforms byMPN technique/MFtechnique 16.Isolation ofazotobacterandrhizobium.
17.Sterilitytestingofinjectibles. 18.Assay ofamylase
19.Determinationofseedviability.
Note: -Mandatorytoperformatleast 10practicals / Dissertation
*** * * * *
BSc Biotechnology
Model Question paper
Course Code: xxx
Course name: &
Semester: NNN
Time 3 HrsMarks 75
Attempt any five questions from Part A and all questions from Part B
PART A (5x3=15 Marks)
Note : At least one question must be set from each UNIT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
PART B (5x12=60 Marks)
9 (a) or (b) from UNIT I
10 (a) or (b) from UNIT II
11 (a) or (b) from UNIT III
12 (a) or (b) from UNIT IV
13 (a) or (b) from UNIT V
SRI VENKATESWARA UNIVERSITY : TIRUPATI
Minutes of the of the Deans, College Development Councils of all the Universities held on 3-6-2015 at 10-30 AM in the Senate Hall of S.V.University, Tirupati.
Subject : Biotechnology
MEMBERS PRESENT
- Prof C.H.Appa Rao,
Department of Biotechnology,
S.V.University
TIRUPATI
- Dr A.Chandra Sekhar,
Department of Biotechnology
Yogi Vemana University
KADAPA
- Dr D.Srinivasa Rao,
Department of Bioptechnology,
Acharya Nagarjuna University,
GUNTUR
As per the Orders of the CDC DEANs we have gone through the syllabus given by S.V.University, Tirupati and made the necessary corrections and suggestions and accordingly it is Resolved and recommend the enclosed CBCS semester wise syllabus for the subject Biotechnology which will come into effect from the Academic Year 2015-16 onwards.