Gardner & Demar: Appendix 4 1

[Gardner & DeMar: Appendix 4] 1

Appendix 4. Sources for taxonomic identifications of Late Cretaceous (middle–late Campanian; Judithian NALMA) lissamphibians listed in Table 4. Accounts are by localities and formations. Because rock units are approximately contemporaneous, locality accounts are arranged north to south within each province and state. Arabic numbers denoting localities are the same as those used in the corresponding faunal list (Table 4) and locality map (Fig. 6).

1, Localities in Dinosaur Provincial Park and area, southeastern Alberta, Canada; Dinosaur Park Formation.

Allocaudata / Albanerpetontidae / Albanerpeton gracile: Holotype premaxilla (TMP 95.181.70: Gardner 2000a, fig. 7A–B) from TMP loc. L0410. Referred jaws and frontals (all TMP specimens) listed by Gardner (2000a, p. 375) from various localities, including the following figured specimens: a dentary (TMP 95.181.68: Gardner 2000a, fig. 7P–Q) and two frontals (TMP 86.194.08 and 95.181.67: Gardner 2000a, fig. 8A–B and D–E, respectively) all from the holotype locality; maxilla (TMP 95.157.73, Gardner 2000a, fig. 7J–L) from TMP loc. L1108.

Allocaudata / Albanerpetontidae indet.: Incomplete frontals (TMP 86.242.74) from TMP loc. L0410, listed by Gardner (2000a, p. 381).

Urodela / Scapherpetontidae / Scapherpeton tectum: Brinkman (1990, table 2) reported abundant Scapherpeton specimens from 18 vertebrate microfossil localities in the Dinosaur Park Formation (= Judith River formation above the disconformity in Brinkman’s paper). These occurrences are unverified, because no voucher specimens were listed, described, or figured and we have not examined the relevant TMP collections.

Urodela / Batrachosauroididae / Opisthotriton kayi: Brinkman (1990, table 2) reported moderate numbers of Opisthotriton specimens from the same 18 vertebrate microfossil localities. For the same reasons given above, these occurrences are unverified.

Anura / Family incertae sedis / Gen. et sp. nov. 1: Maxillae (UALVP 40179: Gardner 2000b, fig. 12-4B) from Railway Grade locality (= TMP loc. BB 102). This is the same taxon previously reported as: “Genus and Species Unnamed A” (Gardner 2000b, pp. 544–547, fig. 12-4); “Gen. et sp. indet. #1” (Eberth et al. 2001, p. 58); and “New gen. and sp. A” (Gardner 2005, tables 10-1, 10-2, fig. 10-1K).

Anura / Family incertae sedis / Gen. et sp. nov. 2: Frontoparietal (TMP 86.23.32: Gardner 2000b, fig. 12-5L) from TMP locality BB 86; and ilium (TMP 1974.10.88: Gardner 2000b, fig. 12-5O–P; Gardner 2005, fig. 10.1K; Roček et al. 2012, fig. 3I) and humerus (UALVP 40176: Gardner 2000b, fig. 12-5Q), both from Railway Grade locality (= TMP loc. BB 102). This is the same taxon previously reported as: “Genus and Species Unnamed B” (Gardner 2000b, pp. 547–549, fig. 12-5); “Gen. et sp. indet. #2” (Eberth et al. 2001, p. 58); “New gen. and sp. B” (Gardner 2005, tables 10-1, 10-2, fig. 10-1K); and “Anura indet.” (Roček et al. 2012, fig. 3I).

Anura / Family incertae sedis / Gen. et sp. nov. 3: Three undescribed, distinctive maxillae (edendate, with smooth exterior surface), each from a separate locality at the base of the Dinosaur Park Formation: TMP 1986.33.33 from TMP loc. BB 31; TMP 1986.214.32 from TMP loc. BB 51; and TMP 1985.66.35 from TMP loc. BB 98 (Gardner and Brinkman, work in progress).

Anura indet.: Additional, fragmentary and uncatalogued anuran skull and postcranial bones (all TMP specimens) cannot be assigned to any of the above-listed anuran taxa. Brinkman (1990, table 2) also reported indeterminate anurans at 17 of 18 sampled microfossil localities in the Dinosaur Park Formation.

2, Localities in Dinosaur Provincial Park and area, southeastern Alberta, Canada; upper part of Oldman Formation.

Allocaudata / Albanerpetontidae / Albanerpeton galaktion: Premaxilla (TMP 95.177.81) from TMP loc. L0406 listed and figured by Gardner (2000a, fig. 4E–F).

Allocaudata / Albanerpetontidae / Albanerpeton gracile: Jaws and frontals (all TMP specimens) listed by Gardner (2000a, p. 375) from various localities, including the following figured jaws: premaxilla (TMP 95.180.64: Gardner 2000a, fig. 7I) from TMP loc. L0413 and maxilla (TMP 95.177.80: Gardner 2000a, fig. 7M–N) from TMP loc. L0406

Allocaudata / Albanerpetontidae / Albanerpeton nexuosum: Dentary (TMP 95.177.15) from TMP loc. L0406 listed by Gardner (2000a, p. 363).

Urodela / Scapherpetontidae / Scapherpeton tectum: Brinkman (1990, table 2) reported abundant Scapherpeton specimens from seven vertebrate microfossil localities in the upper 20 meters of the Oldman Formation (= Judith River formation above the disconformity in Brinkman’s paper). These occurrences are unverified, because no voucher specimens were listed, described, or figured and we have not examined the relevant TMP collections.

Urodela / Batrachosauroididae / Opisthotriton kayi: Brinkman (1990, table 2) reported moderate numbers of Opisthotriton specimens from the same seven vertebrate microfossil localities in the upper 20 meters of the Oldman Formation. For the same reasons given above, these occurrences are unverified.

Anura / Family incertae sedis / Gen. et sp. nov. 2: Maxilla (TMP 1986.159.65) from TMP loc. BB 100 and ilium (TMP 86.178.14) from TMP loc. BB 103 (Gardner and Brinkman, work in progress).

Anura indet.: Additional, fragmentary and uncatalogued anuran skull and postcranial bones (all TMP specimens) cannot be assigned to any of the informally recognized species from the Belly River Group.

3, UALVP Irvine vertebrate microfossil locality, southeastern Alberta, Canada; upper part of Dinosaur Park Formation.

Urodela / Scapherpetontidae / Scapherpeton tectum: Trunk vertebra (UALVP 40110: Gardner 2000b, fig. 11-8OO–QQ), plus the following 12 atlantes: UALVP 40080–40090 (Gardner 2000b, fig. 11-8S–CC, respectively) and UALVP 40091 (Gardner 2000b, fig. 11-8DD–II; Gardner 2005, fig. 10.1D–E).

Urodela / Scapherpetontidae / Lisserpeton bairdi: Ten atlantes: UALVP 40135–40143 (Gardner 2000b, fig. 11-9Q–Y, respectively) and UALVP 40144 (Gardner 2000b, fig. 11-9Z–CC; Gardner 2005, fig. 10.1F–G).

Urodela / Scapherpetontidae / Gen. et sp. nov. 1: Eight atlantes: UALVP 40114–40120 (Gardner 2000b, fig. 11-11G–M, respectively) and UALVP 40121 (Gardner 2000b, fig. 11-3A–F; Gardner 2005, fig. 10.1H–I).

Urodela / Scapherpetontidae / Gen. et sp. indet.: Atlas (UALVP unnumbered) previously mentioned by Gardner (2005, p. 191, tables 10.1 and 10.2) as “Indet. gen. & sp.”

Urodela / Batrachosauroididae / Opisthotriton kayi: Two atlantes: UALVP 12096 (Gardner 2000b, fig. 11-3L–P; Gardner 2005, fig. 10.1A–C; Naylor 1979, fig. 5D–F; Naylor 1981a, fig. 3C) and UALVP 40067 (Gardner 2000b, fig. 11-3Q).

Urodela / Sirenidae / Habrosaurus prodilatus: Holotype premaxilla (UALVP 43906: Gardner 2003b, text-fig. 12A–B), plus referred premaxillae, dentaries, and atlantal centrum (all UALVP specimens), including the following figured specimens: premaxilla (UALVP 43904: Gardner 2003b, text-fig. 12C–E), dentaries (UALVP 43907, 43908, and 43909: Gardner 2003b, text-fig. 12F–G, H–I, and J–K), and atlantal centrum (UALVP 40051: Gardner 2003b, text-fig. 12L–M).

Urodela / Family incertae sedis / Gen. et sp. indet.: Tiny atlas (UALVP unnumbered) previously mentioned by Gardner (2005, p. 193, tables 10.1 and 10.2) as “Urodela indet.” and tentatively suggested to be from a larval individual.

Anura / Family incertae sedis / Gen. et sp. nov. 1: Squamosal (UALVP 40181: Gardner 2000b, fig. 12-4E–F), nasal (UALVP 40180: Gardner 2000b, fig. 12-4D), frontoparietal (UALVP 40182: Gardner 2000b, fig. 12-4G–H), and ilium (UALVP 40184: Gardner 2000b, fig. 12-4J–K; Gardner 2005, fig. 10.1J).

Anura / Family incertae sedis / Gen. et sp. nov. 2: Maxilla (UALVP 40167: Gardner 2000b, fig. 12-5A–B), squamosal (UALVP 40171: Gardner 2000b, fig. 12-5H–I), nasal (UALVP 40170:

Gardner 2000b, fig. 12-5G); frontoparietals (UALVP 40173 and 40174: Gardner 2000b, fig. 12-5K and M, respectively), and ilium (UALVP 40175: Gardner 2000b, fig. 12-5N).

Anura indet.: Additional, fragmentary and uncatalogued anuran skull bones (all UALVP specimens) cannot be assigned to any of the above-listed anuran taxa.

4, SPS locality along Oldman River, southeastern Alberta, Canada; Foremost Formation.

Allocaudata / Albanerpeton sp.: Peng et al. (2001, appendix 3; repeated by Brinkman et al. 2004, appendix A) reported eight “Albanerpeton” specimens in samples from the SPS locality, but neither report explicitly listed voucher specimens from that locality. Because we have not had the opportunity to locate and examine the relevant specimens, we have not been able to verify this occurrence.

Urodela / Scapherpetontidae / Scapherpeton tectum: Peng et al. (2001, appendix 3; repeated by Brinkman et al. 2004, appendix A) reported 202 “Scapherpeton” specimens in samples from the SPS locality. For the same reasons given above, we have not been able to verify this occurrence.

Urodela / Batrachosauroididae / Opisthotriton kayi: Peng et al. (2001, appendix 3; repeated by Brinkman et al. 2004, appendix A) reported 199 “Opisthotriton” specimens in samples from the SPS locality. For the same reasons given above, we have not been able to verify this occurrence.

Anura indet.: Peng et al. (2001, appendix 3; repeated by Brinkman et al. 2004, appendix A) reported 24 “Anura indet.” specimens in samples from the SPS locality. For the same reasons given above, we have not been able to verify this occurrence.

5, Localities along eastern portion of Milk River valley, southeastern Alberta, Canada; Oldman Formation.

Allocaudata / Albanerpetontidae / Albanerpeton galaktion: Premaxillae (all TMP specimens) listed by Gardner (2000a, p. 370) from various localities, including one figured specimen (TMP 96.78.124: Gardner 2000a, fig. 4I) from TMP loc. L1137.

Allocaudata / Albanerpetontidae / Albanerpeton gracile: Referred jaws and frontals (all TMP specimens) listed by Gardner (2000a, p. 375) from various localities, including the following figured specimens: premaxillae (TMP 96.78.191 and 96.78.196: Gardner 2000a, fig. 7C–E and H, respectively) and dentary (TMP 96.78.103: Gardner 2000a, fig. 7O) all from TMP loc. L1127 and frontals (TMP 96.78.135: Gardner 2000a, fig. 8C) from TMP loc. L1128.

Allocaudata / Albanerpetontidae / Albanerpeton nexuosum: Dentary (TMP 96.78.152) from TMP loc. L1127 listed and figured by Gardner (2000a, fig. 2F).

Urodela / Scapherpetontidae / Scapherpeton tectum: Peng et al. (2001, appendix 3; repeated by Brinkman et al. 2004, appendix A) reported abundant Scapherpeton specimens from 16 localities in the Oldman Formation and also lesser numbers of specimens from three localities in the Foremost Formation. Unfortunately, neither paper explicitly listed voucher specimens for any of those localities. Although several diagnostic Scapherpeton vertebrae were illustrated by Peng et al. (2001, pl. 5, figs. 1–5), it is not clear whether those are from localities in the Oldman or Foremost formations. We have not examined the relevant collections in an attempt to match specimens with localities and to confirm taxonomic identifications. For all of those reasons, we have not been able to verify the published identifications.

Urodela / Batrachosauroididae / Opisthotriton kayi: For the same reasons given above, we have not been able to verify the occurrences reported by Peng et al. (2001, appendix 3; repeated by Brinkman et al. 2004, appendix A).

Anura indet.: For the same reasons given above, we have not been able to verify the occurrences reported by Peng et al. (2001, appendix 3; repeated by Brinkman et al. 2004, appendix A).

6, Pinhorn Ranch localities (PHRN, PHR-1, and PHR-2) along eastern portion of Milk River, southeastern Alberta, Canada; upper part of Foremost Formation.

Allocaudata / Albanerpetontidae indet.: Bulk lot of fragmentary dentaries (TMP 96.78.1000) from PHR-2 (= TMP loc. L1124), listed by Gardner (2000a, p. 381) that, in part, were the basis for “Albanerpeton” being recorded from that locality by Peng et al. (2001, appendix 3; repeated by Brinkman et al. 2004, appendix A). No albanerpetontid material has been reported from the other two Pinhorn Ranch localities.

Urodela / Scapherpetontidae / Scapherpeton tectum: Modest numbers of Scapherpeton specimens were reported by Peng et al. (2001, appendix 3; repeated by Brinkman et al. 2004, appendix A) from PHR-1 and -2, but neither report explicitly listed any catalogued TMP specimens from those localities. Because we have not had the opportunity to locate and examine the relevant specimens, we have not been able to verify these occurrences. Frampton (2006) also reported S. tectium from the PHRN locality, but her one illustrated atlas (TMP 2005.62.68: Frampton 2006, pl. 11, fig. 1a–d) is not convincingly diagnostic for Scapherpeton. Some of the other atlantes she mentioned may be more diagnostic, but we have not been able to examine those.

Urodela / Batrachosauroididae / Opisthotriton kayi: The presence of this species in at least one of the Pinhorn Ranch localities is corroborated by an atlas (TMP 2005.62.70) figured by Frampton (2006, pl. 11, fig. 2a–d) from the PHRN locality. Peng et al. (2001, appendix 3; repeated by Brinkman et al. 2004, appendix A) also reported this taxon from the PHR-1 and -2 localities.

Anura indet.: The presence of anurans in at least one of the Pinhorn Ranch localities is corroborated by two fragmentary maxillae (TMP 2005.62.71 and 2005.62.72) figured by Frampton (2006, pl. 11, figs. 3a–b and 4a–b, respectively) from the PHRN locality. As noted by Frampton (2006), differences in the external texture (pit-and-ridge ornament on TMP 2005.62.71 versus TMP 2005.62.72 being more nearly smooth) suggest the presence of at least two kinds of anurans. Peng et al. (2001, appendix 3; repeated by Brinkman et al. 2004, appendix A) also reported indeterminate anurans from the PHR-1 and -2 localities.

7, Localities near Onefour, southeastern Alberta, Canada; upper part of Dinosaur Park Formation.

Urodela / Scapherpetontidae / Scapherpeton tectum: Eberth and Brinkman (1997, tables 5–7) reported Scapherpeton in all 14 vertebrate microfossil localities included in their study. These occurrences are unverified, because no voucher specimens were listed, described, or figured and we have not examined the relevant TMP collections.

Urodela / Batrachosauroididae / Opisthotriton kayi: Eberth and Brinkman (1997, tables 5–7) reported Opisthotriton in 11 of 14 vertebrate microfossil localities included in their study. These occurrences are unverified, because no voucher specimens were listed, described, or figured and we have not examined the relevant TMP collections.

Anura indet.: Eberth and Brinkman (1997, tables 5–7) reported indeterminate anurans in seven of 14 vertebrate microfossil localities included in their study. These occurrences are unverified, because no voucher specimens were listed, described, or figured and we have not examined the relevant TMP collections.

8, Muddy Lake bonebed (= RSMNH loc. 73C06-0001), near Unity, west-central Saskatchewan, Canada; Dinosaur Park Formation.

Urodela / Scapherpetontidae / Scapherpeton tectum: Tokaryk (1988) and Eberth et al. (1990, table 2) included Scapherpeton tectum in faunal inventories for the Muddy Lake bonebed. That occurrence has not been verified, because no voucher specimens were listed, described, or figured and we have not examined the RSMNH collection from the locality.

Anura indet.: Equivalent to “Anura gen. et sp. indet.” entry in the faunal list of Eberth et al. (1990, table 2); not verified, for same reasons given above.

9, Woodpile Creek, southwestern Saskatchewan, Canada; Dinosaur Park or Oldman Formation.

Allocaudata / Albanerpetontidae indet.: Dentaries (bulk catalogued as RSMNH P2155.79) listed by Gardner (2000a).

Urodela / Scapherpetontidae / Scapherpeton sp.: In a review paper on fossil mammal localities in Saskatchewan, Storer (1993, p. 478) mentioned Scapherpeton as being part of the Woodpile Creek assemblage. That occurrence has not been verified, because no voucher specimens were listed, described, or figured and we have not examined the RSMNH collection from Woodpile Creek.

Urodela / Batrachosauroididae / Opisthotriton sp.: Storer (1993, p. 478) also mentioned Opisthotriton, but for the same reasons given above we have not been able to verify that occurrence.

Anura indet.: Storer (1993, p. 478) also mentioned “a discoglossid and anurans”, but without any further information. For the same reasons given above and also because fragmentary anuran bones are notoriously difficult to identify to family level, here we list this occurrence simply as Anura indet.

10, MOR loc. TM-088, Glacier County, north-central Montana, USA; Two Medicine Formation.

Anura / Family incertae sedis / Gen. et . sp. nov. 1: Nearly complete and articulated, but as yet undescribed frog skeleton (MOR 938). Other, more disarticulated anuran specimens (all MOR) mentioned by Varricchio (2002) from the same locality also may be referable to this species (Gardner, Henrici and Varricchio unpubl. obs.).

11, J. B. Hatcher’s localities, Clam Bank Hollow, and multiple UC vertebrate microfossil localities, Missouri River Valley, north-central Montana, USA; type area of Judith River Formation.

Allocaudata / Albanerpetontidae / Albanerpeton sp: An uncatalogued, anteriorly incomplete pair of fused frontals from locality UC-914 have the triangular outline that is diagnostic for the genus (Gardner unpubl. obs. ).

Allocaudata / Albanerpetontidae / cf. Albanerpeton nexuosum: An uncatalogued albanerpetontid maxilla, from locality UC-914 depicted by Rogers and Brady (2010, fig. 6B, in upper left corner and oriented upside down) exhibits the convex occlusal margin and elongate teeth along the deepest part of the pars dentalis that are characteristic among North American albanerpetontids for A. nexuosum.

Allocaudata / Albanerpetontidae indet.: Among the collection reported by Sahni (1972) from Clambank Hollow are four dentaries (one catalogued as AMNH 8479 and three bulk catalogued as AMNH 8480) that he reported as belonging to Prodesmodon copei, based on comparisons with Lancian dentaries then referred to that species. The Clambank Hollow specimens subsequently were listed as indeterminate albanerpetontid by Gardner (2000a).

Urodela / Family Scapherpetontidae / Scapherpeton tectum: The holotype trunk vertebra (AMNH 5682) described by Cope (1876) and both described and figured by Auffenberg and Goin (1959, fig. 2F–H) is from an unrecorded locality in the type area of the Judith River Formation. Holotype vertebrae of four other species now regarded as junior subjective synonyms (see Auffenberg and Goin 1959; Estes 1964, 1981) are also from unrecorded localities in the same area: AMNH 5683 (seven vertebrae of Scapherpeton laticolle Cope 1876); AMNH 5684 (three vertebrae of S. excisum Cope 1876); AMNH 5685 (one vertebra of Scapherpeton laticolle Cope 1876); and AMNH 5686 (one vertebra of Hemitrypus jordanianus). Also from Clambank Hollow, Sahni (1972, p. 348) mentioned, but did not describe or figure isolated dentaries, maxillae, trunk vertebrae, and atlantes. Examination of those specimens (bulk catalogued as AMNH 8471 and 8472) reveals that a mix of Scapherpeton and Lisserpeton atlantal centra are present in those samples (Gardner unpubl. obs.). A trunk vertebra (AMNH 8473) included in the material that Sahni (1972) identified as Lisserpeton is diagnostic for Scapherpeton in having a tear-drop shaped (rather than subcircular) anterior cotyle and a narrow, keel-like (rather than broad) subcentral keel (Gardner unpubl. obs.). Rogers (1995, table 6 and repeated by Rogers and Brady 2010, table 1) recorded Scapherpeton in a faunal list for locality UC-913, but without any additional information. Although we have not been able to verify that identification, it likely is correct considering the presence of diagnostic Scapherpeton vertebrae at Clambank Hollow in the same area and formation.

Urodela / Family Scapherpetontidae / Lisserpeton bairdi: Sahni (1972, p. 348) mentioned, but did not describe or figure isolated trunk vertebrae, atlantes, and an exoccipital from Clambank Hollow as belonging to Lisserpeton. Examination of the vertebral specimens (the exocciptal was not seen) indicates that Lisserpeton is represented (along with Scapherpeton) in the bulk numbered sample (AMNH 8475) of atlantal centra; however, none of the trunk vertebrae can be assigned to Lisserpeton: one reasonably intact centrum (AMNH 8473) is referable to Scapherpeton (see previous entry) and the remaining specimens (bulk catalogued as AMNH 8474) are centra fragments that cannot be identified more precisely than Urodela indet. (Gardner unpubl. obs.).

Urodela / Batrachosauroididae / Opisthotriton kayi: Sahni’s (1972) report of this species at Clambank Hollow is corroborated by examination of the unfigured atlantal centrum (AMNH 8481) he briefly described (Sahni 1972, p. 350), plus two other atlantal centra (bulk catalogued as AMNH 8482) and three trunk vertebrae (bulk catalogued as AMNH 8483) from the same collection (Gardner unpubl. obs.). Rogers (1995, table 6 and repeated by Rogers and Brady 2010, table 1) also listed Opisthotriton in a faunal list for locality UC-913.