Unit 2 metal ores
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Ores are compounds that contain metals joined to other elements. Many ores have common names. This means that they have been given names from when they were first discovered. The common name does not tell us about the elements in the ore but the chemical name of an ore will tell us about the elements that are joined to the metal.
Try the work below.
1. An ore is a c______that contains m______joined to other elements.
2. T__ elements are in compounds that end in ide.
3. T_____ elements are in compounds that end in ite or ate.
4. Use the display of ores to copy and complete the table on the next page (use three lines for each ore and for help use the periodic table on page 8 of the data book).
5. The common name of the ore that can be used to make tin metal is ______.
6. The common names of the ores that could be used to make copper metal are ______.
7. The common names of the ores that could be used to make lead metal are ______.
8. One of the ores could be used to make both iron and copper is ______.
9. The element which must be removed from cassiterite if we want to make pure tin is ______.
Making metals from ores
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To make metals from ores we need to use chemistry to separate the metals from the other elements that are in the ore. Sometimes we need to add the ore to other substances to help separate the metal from the other elements in the ore. The aim of the following experiment is to see if we can make copper metal from an ore called copper oxide.
You will need to write up your experiment like a scientific report.
Try work below.
1. The aim of the experiment is ______
______
2. Collect experiment card 2.2 and use it to help you write a method for the experiment (make a list of all of the apparatus you will need to collect and draw a diagram of the experiment).
Apparatus:
3. Report (describe what you saw happening.
______
4. Conclusion (read your aim before you do this).
______
Now try to answer the questions below:
5. A chemical reaction happened when I made copper from copper oxide, because ______
______
6. To help make copper from copper oxide the substance added was ______.
7. When copper oxide is heated with carbon we know now that we can make copper but we also make carbon dioxide gas in the reaction. Write a word equation for this reaction (
8. The test for the gas Carbon dioxise is that it turns L_____ W______cloudy.
Making iron
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Iron is a metal that has many uses eg railway lines, bridges, cars, fences, oil rigs.
This means that we need to make huge quantities of iron every day so a special furnace was designed. This furnace is called a blast furnace and it is 30-40m high. It is used to make 8000 tonnes of iron every day.
The iron is a metal that is found in the ground as an ore. This means that it is joined to other elements in a compound. The ore that we make iron from is called iron oxide. This means that the iron is joined to oxygen and to make pure iron we need to separate the ore.
In the last experiment to separate copper from copper oxide we had to add carbon and heat the ore. The same thing is done to separate iron from iron ore but the chemistry is a bit more complicated.
Try the work below.
1. Some things that iron is used to make are ______
______
2. A special furnace was designed to make iron because ______
3. The name of the special furnace that is used to make iron IS a B______F______.
4. The name of the ore that is used to make iron is ______.
5. The elements are in this ore are i____ and o______.
6. The substance added to the ore to help separate the iron is ______.
THE BLAST FURNACE – Extraction of Iron
To make iron from iron oxide, three chemical reactions happen:
q In the first reaction carbon reacts with oxygen to make carbon dioxide gas.
q In the second reaction carbon dioxide gas reacts with more carbon to make carbon monoxide gas.
q Finally carbon monoxide gas reacts with iron oxide to make iron and carbon dioxide gas.
A chemical called limestone is added to the furnace to help remove impurities and improve the quality of the iron that is made
The temperature inside the furnace is very high. This means that the iron that is made will be a liquid because it has melted and the liquid iron is taken away in pipes.
7. Word equations:
a) the first reaction in the blast furnace.
______
b) the second reaction in the blast furnace.
______
c) the final reaction in the blast furnace.
______
8. The iron that is made in the furnace is a liquid not solid because ______.
9. Limestone is added to the furnace to help remove im______.
10. The waste from the blast furnace is called s______.
Properties of metals
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The properties of a substance are what it is like and what it can do. Metals are substances that have many uses and this is because they have many useful properties.
Your teacher may show you a video about metals (SS11).
Do the work below.
1. Think of a room in your house and write down a list of as many objects as you can that are made of metal.
______
2. Collect the information sheet about “properties of metals” and answer the questions below.
a) The metal used to build bridges is ______because it is ______.
b) If a metal allows electricity to pass through it easily we say that it is a good E______C______.
c) If a metal has good thermal conduction, this mean that is allows h____ to pass through it e______.
d) The property copper has that makes it good for making electrical wires is ______.
e) The property copper has that makes it good for making cooking pots is ______.
f) The property copper has that makes it good for making water pipes is ______.
g) Aluminium is a good metal to use to build an aeroplane because ______.
h) The word malleable means that a metal can be h______easily into d______shapes.
i) List the names of some metals that are used to make jewellery. ______
j) I think the word corrode means______
______
k) Tin is used to make food cans because______
Ask your teacher if you should do the PPA called “electrical conductivity”. When you have completed the experiment and the assessment sheet ask your teacher to check it.
Changing the properties of metals
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Pure metals do not always have the properties that we need for a particular job. An alloy is a substance made by melting and mixing metals together. Alloys are often more useful than pure metals because they have different properties from the pure metals. This can make them more suitable for certain uses.
Your teacher might show you some demonstrations with alloys (2.8).
Do the work below.
1. An alloy is a substance made from m______and m______metals together.
2. Alloys often more useful than pure metals because ______.
3. Collect the information sheet about alloys and try the work below.
a) The difference between pure gold and 18 carat gold is that 18 carat gold is mixed with C______.
b) This difference makes the 18 carat gold more useful for jewellery making because it is s______.
c) Steel made from mixing i______and c______.
d) Steel used more often for making railway tracks than pure iron because it is ______.
e) People in the bronze age use bronze instead of pure copper to make swords and tools because bronze is ______.
f) Solder is made from tin and lead. It m_____ more easily that tin or lead.
g) Duralmin is an alloy made from copper and ______.
h) Duralmin is used to make aeroplanes because ______
4. Copy and complete the table on the next page. You will probably need to use 4 lines for each alloy to be able to fit your drawing in.
Metals and oxygen
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Look at a periodic table and find the first column. You should already know that the metals in the first column of the periodic table are extremely reactive. They have to be stored in oil to stop them reacting with the oxygen in the air.
Your teacher will show you some of these metals and show you what happens when they are cut. When these metals touch the air they react easily even without needing heat.
We are now going to look at some other metals. The aim of the experiment is to react 4 different metals with oxygen to work out the order of reactivity. We can work out which metals are more reactive than others by looking at the colour and the brightness of the glow that we see.
A chemical called potassium permanganate is used in these experiments because when it is heated it makes oxygen.
The experiment will be set up as shown in the diagram below.
The metal is heated first then the potassium permanganate is heated.
Write a heading and do the work below.
1. The column in the periodic table which contains metals that are very reactive is ______.
2. These metals are stored in ____ because ______
______.
3. The aim of the experiment is ______
______.
4. To work out how reactive a metal is you will have to look at ______.
5. The chemical called potassium permanganate is used to provide o______.
6. Collect experiment card 2.10 and write a method by
a) writing a list of what you need to collect.
______
7. Copy the table below before you start the experiment
8. Once you have tidied up, make a list of the 4 metals in order of most to least reactive.
9. The safety rules you followed when you did this experiment were ______
Metal oxides
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When a metal reacts with oxygen a compound called a metal oxide is made. The type of metal oxide depends on the metal that was used. For example when copper was reacted with oxygen the metal oxide that is made is called copper oxide. When zinc reacted with oxygen, the metal oxide that was made was called zinc oxide.
Do the work below.
1. The type of compound which is made when a metal reacts with oxygen is a m______o______.
2. What is the name of the metal oxide that is made when
a) copper reacts with oxygen - ______
b) zinc reacts with oxygen - ______
c) iron reacts with oxygen - ______
d) magnesium reacts with oxygen - ______
3. What metal is used to make
a) tin oxide? - ______
b) aluminium oxide - ______
4. When calcium reacts with oxygen a substance called calcium oxide is made. Write a word equation for this reaction.
______
5. Write word equations for the reactions between
a) copper and oxygen
______
b) zinc and oxygen
______
c) magnesium and oxygen
______
d) potassium and oxygen.
______
6. The name of the product in reaction between lead and oxygen is ______.
Metals and water
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The metals in the first column of the periodic table are not only very reactive with oxygen, they also react violently with water.
Write a heading and copy the table below. Fill it in while you watch your teacher demonstrate the reactions of the metal with water.
Now complete questions below.
1. All of the metals bubbled and fizzed when they were put into the water. This tell you that a ____ has been made in the reaction.
2. Some of the metals melted in the reaction. This means h_____ energy was given off in the reaction.
3. Looking at a periodic table, write down what you think would happened if rubidium was put into water. - ______.
Testing gases
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We know that a gas was made when these metals reacted with water because we saw bubbles but we do not know what the name of the gas is. We can do experiments to work out the names of gases using gas tests. You will have tested gases with limwater and glowing splint earlier in this course. In this experiment we will look at what happens with a burning splint.
Try the work below.
1. Complete the table before you start the experiment. You should be able to fill in the results for the limewater and the glowing splint already.
Now collect experiment card 2.11 and follow the instructions to complete the last column of your table.
2. Complete the following sentences.
3. Carbon dioxide is often used in fire extinguishers. What will happen to a burning splint if it is put into a test tube of carbon dioxide gas? ______
4. Oxygen helps things burn. If a burning splint is put into a test tube of oxygen gas it will burn more/less brightly.
5. Substances will not burn in the absence of oxygen. If a burning splint is put into a test tube containing pure nitrogen the splint will continue to burn/go out.
6. What will happen to limewater if it is put into a test tube of:
a) Oxygen - ______
b) Hydrogen - ______
c) Nitrogen - ______